阅读说明：本技术 一种含导流筒的气化炉激冷室及其使用方法 (Gasifier chilling chamber containing guide cylinder and using method thereof ) 是由 杨宁 管小平 于 2019-12-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种含导流筒的气化炉激冷室及其使用方法,所述的气化炉激冷室包括壳体,所述的壳体内部设置下降管,所述的下降管外侧套设有同轴的导流筒,所述的导流筒与下降管之间形成环隙；所述的下降管的一端连接气化炉,另一端设置气体分布装置,所述的气体分布装置为与下降管外缘对接的锥形段,所述的锥形段上开设气孔。本发明通过设置导流筒形成液体循环,防止细小煤灰颗粒沉积,有效解决细小颗粒引起的堵塞问题；通过设置气体分布装置,能有效形成小气泡,增加了气泡的相界面积,大幅度提高水浴增湿除尘除灰降温的效果,从而降低合成气夹带过多的煤灰进入下一工段。(The invention provides a gasifier chilling chamber containing a guide shell and a using method thereof, wherein the gasifier chilling chamber comprises a shell, a descending pipe is arranged in the shell, a coaxial guide shell is sleeved outside the descending pipe, and an annular gap is formed between the guide shell and the descending pipe; one end of the downcomer is connected with the gasification furnace, the other end of the downcomer is provided with a gas distribution device, the gas distribution device is a conical section butted with the outer edge of the downcomer, and the conical section is provided with air holes. According to the invention, the guide cylinder is arranged to form liquid circulation, so that the deposition of fine coal ash particles is prevented, and the problem of blockage caused by fine particles is effectively solved; by arranging the gas distribution device, small bubbles can be effectively formed, the interfacial area of the bubbles is increased, and the effects of humidifying, dedusting, ash removing and cooling in water bath are greatly improved, so that the situation that the synthesis gas carries excessive coal ash to enter the next working section is reduced.)

1. The gasifier chilling chamber containing the guide shell is characterized by comprising a shell, wherein a descending pipe is arranged in the shell, a coaxial guide shell is sleeved outside the descending pipe, and an annular gap is formed between the guide shell and the descending pipe;

one end of the downcomer is connected with the gasification furnace, the other end of the downcomer is provided with a gas distribution device, the gas distribution device is a conical section butted with the outer edge of the downcomer, air holes are formed in the conical section, synthetic gas generated by the gasification furnace enters the downcomer and then passes through the air holes in the conical section to be introduced into the annular space, and the diameter of the conical section is gradually increased along the flow direction of the synthetic gas.

2. A quench chamber of a gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein quench water is injected into said quench chamber, said draft tube being located below the level of the quench water.

3. The gasifier quench chamber of claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas holes are arranged along a circumferential direction of the conical section;

preferably, the air holes are round, square, rectangular or annular;

preferably, a guide plate is arranged at the air hole.

4. The quench chamber of a gasifier as claimed in any of claims 1-3, wherein the gas outlet end of the draft tube is of a conical configuration, and syngas enters the annular space and is discharged through the gas outlet end of the draft tube;

preferably, the diameter of said gas outlet end increases gradually in the direction of the synthesis gas flow.

5. A quench chamber of a gasifier according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one annular baffle is arranged above the level of the quench water;

preferably, the ring-shaped baffle is arranged in a ring-shaped cavity formed between the shell and the downcomer;

preferably, the annular baffles are arranged on the inner side wall of the shell and the outer peripheral surface of the downcomer in a staggered mode.

6. The quench chamber of the gasification furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a quench ring is provided at the connection of the downcomer and the gasification furnace, and the quench ring is used for injecting quench water into the downcomer;

preferably, the chilling ring is provided with a nozzle, and chilling water is sprayed out by the nozzle and then descends along the inner wall of the downcomer to form a liquid film;

preferably, the quench ring circumscribes a quench water supply conduit.

7. The quench chamber of a gasifier as claimed in any of claims 1-6, wherein a slag discharge is provided at the bottom of said shell;

preferably, the top of the shell is provided with an exhaust port;

preferably, the exhaust port is positioned above the annular baffle;

preferably, the bottom of the shell is provided with a black water pipeline.

8. A method of using a quench chamber of a gasifier as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, said method of using comprising:

and the synthetic gas and the molten slag generated by the gasification furnace enter the downcomer, wherein the synthetic gas enters the downcomer and then passes through the air holes on the conical section to be introduced into the annular space, and the molten slag enters the downcomer and then is deposited and accumulated at the bottom of the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace.

9. The use method according to claim 8, wherein the use method specifically comprises the steps of:

synthetic gas and slag generated by a gasification furnace enter a downcomer, and chilling water is introduced into a chilling ring and sprayed out by a nozzle and then descends along the inner wall of the downcomer to form a liquid film;

(II) the synthesis gas passes through a downcomer, is dispersed into small bubbles through air holes on a conical section and then enters an annular space, and the bubbles pass through the annular space, are deflected by annular baffles which are arranged in a staggered mode and then are discharged from an exhaust port;

and (III) the slag passes through the downcomer, then settles and accumulates at the bottom of the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace, and is periodically discharged from a slag discharge port.

10. The use of claim 9, wherein step (ii) further comprises: when the gas passes through the gas hole, the guide plate arranged at the gas hole breaks the bubbles, so that the size of the bubbles is further reduced;

preferably, the step (iii) further comprises: and fine particles in the slag are discharged through a black water pipeline.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal gasification equipment, and relates to a quenching chamber of a gasification furnace and a using method thereof, in particular to a quenching chamber of a gasification furnace containing a guide cylinder and a using method thereof.

Background

Coal gasification reaction and separation systems are one of the core devices in coal chemical industry, and the technology of realizing clean coal gasification with high efficiency, low energy consumption and low pollution is increasingly paid attention to by people. The high-pressure and large-capacity entrained flow gasification technology is one of the internationally advanced coal gasification technologies and is widely applied to the coal chemical industry. The modern entrained-flow bed gasification technology mainly comprises coal water slurry gasification and pulverized coal gasification technologies, and has the advantages of small environmental pollution, high automation degree and the like. The entrained flow gasification technology is characterized in that crude gas and molten ash generated in a combustion chamber of a gasification furnace flow in parallel into a chilling chamber for cooling and washing, the ash is discharged from a gasification black water and slag water discharge device after being subjected to chilling washing water bath, and the crude gas enters a crude gas washing system after being cooled and washed. However, the process has the problems of low washing efficiency, ash accumulation in a washer and the like, and influences the normal operation of the gasification device.

CN101935552A discloses a quench chamber assembly for a gasifier, the quench chamber being composed of a quench ring, a downcomer, a riser and a separator baffle. The chilling ring uniformly distributes chilling water on the inner wall of the descending pipe to form a liquid film, so that the descending pipe is protected from being burnt by high-temperature synthesis gas and slag, and the chilling and cooling of the high-temperature synthesis gas are realized. The ascending pipe and the descending pipe are coaxially sleeved, and the pipe is sleeved in the ascending pipe, so that the synthetic gas moves downwards from the descending pipe and then returns to the upper area of the chilling chamber through the annular space between the ascending pipe and the descending pipe. And then gas-liquid separation is realized under the action of the baffle. In practice, fluctuations or oscillations in the flow, such as fluctuations in slag bath level, gas flow rate and pressure, can be caused by the greater velocity of the gas leaving the liquid surface.

CN102585914A discloses a gasification quench chamber and scrubber assembly comprising a sump having a liquid coolant disposed therein in a lower portion and an upper portion comprising an outlet for withdrawing cooled syngas therefrom; a dip tube configured to introduce a syngas mixture to contact the liquid coolant to thereby produce the cooled syngas; a cooling device located in an annular space in the upper portion between the dip tube outer surface and the outer perimeter of the sump, the cooling device comprising heat exchanger tubes configured to further cool the cooled syngas in the upper portion and to increase an effective distance between the liquid coolant and the outlet; and a stability device located in the lower portion configured to mitigate coolant level fluctuations and sloshing.

CN202688282U discloses a gasification furnace, comprising: the air outlet is arranged on the shell; a combustion chamber disposed within the housing; a quench chamber disposed within the housing and below the combustion chamber; the chilling chamber comprises a cavity and a funnel part; the first end of the cavity is connected with the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the second end of the cavity is connected with the inlet of the funnel part; the outlet of the funnel part is connected with the first end of the downcomer; the chilling water spray head is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity; the slag water tank is arranged in the shell and is positioned below the chilling chamber, and the second end of the down pipe is inserted below the liquid level of the slag water tank; and a sealed annular cavity is formed between the shell and the chilling chamber, and the annular cavity is connected with the air outlet.

However, the bubbles in the slag pool are large, so that the phenomenon of air entrainment is easily caused, and the liquid level fluctuation is also caused. Meanwhile, because the liquid circulation in the slag pool is weak, the tiny particles are deposited, and do not leave the system along with the gasified black water in a chilling chamber designed by the gasification furnace, so that a bottom slag discharging port and a liquid level meter are blocked.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a gasifier chilling chamber containing a guide shell and a using method thereof, wherein the guide shell is arranged to form liquid circulation, so that fine coal ash particles are prevented from being deposited, and the problem of blockage caused by the fine particles is effectively solved; by arranging the gas distribution device, small bubbles can be effectively formed, the interfacial area of the bubbles is increased, and the effects of humidifying, dedusting, ash removing and cooling in water bath are greatly improved, so that the situation that the synthesis gas carries excessive coal ash to enter the next working section is reduced; in addition, the formation of the small bubbles is beneficial to preventing the fluctuation generated by the super large bubbles leaving the liquid level and the engineering problems of liquid level alarming, vehicle jumping and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the invention provides a gasifier chilling chamber containing a guide shell, which comprises a shell, wherein a descending pipe is arranged in the shell, a coaxial guide shell is sleeved outside the descending pipe, and an annular gap is formed between the guide shell and the descending pipe.

One end of the downcomer is connected with the gasification furnace, the other end of the downcomer is provided with a gas distribution device, the gas distribution device is a conical section butted with the outer edge of the downcomer, air holes are formed in the conical section, synthetic gas generated by the gasification furnace enters the downcomer and then passes through the air holes in the conical section to be introduced into the annular space, and the diameter of the conical section is gradually increased along the flow direction of the synthetic gas.

By arranging the gas distribution device, small bubbles can be effectively formed, the interfacial area of the bubbles is increased, and the effects of humidifying, dedusting, ash removing and cooling in water bath are greatly improved, so that the situation that the synthesis gas carries excessive coal ash to enter the next working section is reduced; in addition, the formation of the small bubbles is beneficial to preventing the fluctuation generated by the super large bubbles leaving the liquid level and the engineering problems of liquid level alarming, vehicle jumping and the like.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the chilling water is injected into the chilling chamber, and the guide cylinder is positioned below the liquid level of the chilling water.

In the invention, the guide cylinder is arranged below the liquid level of the chilling water, and circulation is formed inside and outside the guide cylinder, so that small coal ash particles discharged from the gasification furnace are in a suspended state and are discharged out of the chilling chamber through the black water pipeline, and the problem that a slag outlet at the bottom of the tower, a liquid level meter and the like are blocked by the small coal ash particles is solved. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the expansion section at the top end of the guide shell enables gas and liquid to be effectively separated, and the problem of water carrying of the synthesis gas is solved.

As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the air holes are arranged along a circumferential direction of the tapered section.

Preferably, the air holes are round, square, rectangular or annular.

Preferably, a guide plate is arranged at the air hole.

In the invention, the phenomenon that the synthesis gas carries water can be further inhibited by welding the guide plate at the air hole outlet.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the gas outlet end of the guide shell is of a conical structure, and the synthesis gas enters the annular space and is discharged from the gas outlet end of the guide shell.

Preferably, the diameter of said gas outlet end increases gradually in the direction of the synthesis gas flow.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, at least one annular baffle is arranged above the liquid level of the quench water.

Preferably, said annular baffle is disposed in an annular cavity formed between the shell and the downcomer.

Preferably, the annular baffles are arranged on the inner side wall of the shell and the outer peripheral surface of the downcomer in a staggered mode.

In the invention, the annular baffles are arranged above the liquid level of the chilling chamber in a staggered manner, so that the phenomenon that the synthesis gas carries water can be further inhibited.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a chilling ring is arranged at the connection part of the descending pipe and the gasification furnace, and the chilling ring is used for spraying chilling water into the descending pipe.

Preferably, the chilling ring is provided with a nozzle, and chilling water sprayed by the nozzle descends along the inner wall of the downcomer to form a liquid film.

Preferably, the quench ring circumscribes a quench water supply conduit.

In the invention, the chilling water descends along the inner wall of the downcomer to form a liquid film, and the liquid film can play a role in protecting the downcomer from being burnt by high-temperature synthesis gas and slag and also play a role in chilling and cooling.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the bottom of the shell is provided with a slag discharge port.

Preferably, the top of the shell is provided with an exhaust port.

Preferably, the exhaust port is located above the annular baffle.

Preferably, the bottom of the shell is provided with a black water pipeline.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of using a gasifier quench chamber as described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

and the synthetic gas and the molten slag generated by the gasification furnace enter the downcomer, wherein the synthetic gas enters the downcomer and then passes through the air holes on the conical section to be introduced into the annular space, and the molten slag enters the downcomer and then is deposited and accumulated at the bottom of the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the using method specifically comprises the following steps:

synthetic gas and slag generated by a gasification furnace enter a downcomer, and chilling water is introduced into a chilling ring and sprayed out by a nozzle and then descends along the inner wall of the downcomer to form a liquid film;

(II) the synthesis gas passes through a downcomer, is dispersed into small bubbles through air holes on a conical section and then enters an annular space, and the bubbles pass through the annular space, are deflected by annular baffles which are arranged in a staggered mode and then are discharged from an exhaust port;

and (III) the slag passes through the downcomer, then settles and accumulates at the bottom of the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace, and is periodically discharged from a slag discharge port.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the step (ii) further comprises: when the gas passes through the gas hole, the guide plate arranged at the gas hole breaks the bubbles, so that the size of the bubbles is further reduced.

Preferably, the step (iii) further comprises: and fine particles in the slag are discharged through a black water pipeline.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the gas distribution device is additionally arranged at the bottom end of the downcomer, so that the size of bubbles entering an annular space between the downcomer and the guide cylinder is reduced, the distribution of the synthesis gas is more uniform, the contact area of the synthesis gas and liquid is increased, the water bath dust removal ash removal cooling effect of the synthesis gas is greatly improved, and the situation that excessive coal ash is carried in the synthesis gas and enters a subsequent working section is avoided. Meanwhile, the guide cylinder enables liquid in the slag pool to form circulation, small particles in the pool are in a suspension state, and then a slag discharge port at the bottom and a liquid level meter of the device cannot be blocked. Finally, the conical opening at the top of the guide cylinder enables gas and liquid to be effectively separated, and entrainment can be greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quench chamber of a gasifier provided in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a quench chamber of a gasifier provided in example 3 of the present invention;

wherein, 1-shell; 2-a downcomer; 3-a guide shell; 4-black water pipeline; 5-a slag discharge port; 6-an exhaust port; 7-a quench ring; 8-a conical section; 9-air holes; 10-a gas outlet end; 11-a gasification furnace; 12-a deflector; 13-ring baffle.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.

In a specific embodiment, the invention provides a gasifier quench chamber containing a guide shell, and as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the gasifier quench chamber comprises a shell 1, a downcomer 2 is arranged inside the shell 1, a coaxial guide shell 3 is sleeved outside the downcomer 2, and an annular gap is formed between the guide shell 3 and the downcomer 2. One end of the downcomer 2 is connected with the gasification furnace 11, the other end of the downcomer is provided with a gas distribution device, the gas distribution device is a conical section 8 which is in butt joint with the outer edge of the downcomer 2, air holes 9 are formed in the conical section 8, the synthetic gas generated by the gasification furnace 11 enters the downcomer 2 and then passes through the air holes 9 in the conical section 8 to be introduced into an annular space, and the diameter of the conical section 8 is gradually increased along the flow direction of the synthetic gas.

Chilling water is injected into the chilling chamber, and the guide cylinder 3 is positioned below the liquid level of the chilling water.

The air holes 9 are arranged along the circumference of the conical section 8, the shape of the air holes 9 can be round, square, rectangular or annular, and further, as shown in fig. 2, a guide plate 12 is arranged at the air holes 9.

The gas outlet end 10 of the guide shell 3 is of a conical structure, synthetic gas is discharged from the gas outlet end 10 of the guide shell 3 after entering the annular space, and the diameter of the gas outlet end 10 is gradually increased along the flow direction of the synthetic gas.

As shown in FIG. 2, at least one annular baffle 13 is disposed above the level of the quench water; the annular baffle 13 is arranged in an annular cavity formed between the shell 1 and the downcomer 2, and the annular baffle 13 is arranged on the inner side wall of the shell 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the downcomer 2 in a staggered manner.

A chilling ring 7 is arranged at the joint of the descending pipe 2 and the gasification furnace 11, and the chilling ring 7 is used for spraying chilling water into the descending pipe 2. The chilling ring 7 is provided with a nozzle, chilling water is sprayed out by the nozzle and then descends along the inner wall of the descending pipe 2 to form a liquid film, and the chilling ring 7 is externally connected with a chilling water supply pipeline.

The bottom of the shell 1 is provided with a slag discharge port 5; the top of the shell 1 is provided with an exhaust port 6, and the exhaust port 6 is positioned above the annular baffle 13; the bottom of the shell 1 is provided with a black water pipeline 4.