Mechanical iris device driven by shape memory alloy wire
阅读说明：本技术 一种形状记忆合金丝驱动的机械虹膜装置 (Mechanical iris device driven by shape memory alloy wire ) 是由 张亚辉 王文龙 谷小军 朱继宏 张卫红 王骏 于 2019-12-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出一种形状记忆合金丝驱动的机械虹膜装置,虹膜机构模块和驱动模块；驱动模块包括形状记忆合金驱动板；形状记忆合金驱动板包括弧形印制板、加热收缩的形状记忆合金丝和弧形滑动板。本发明采用形状记忆合金丝驱动实现机械虹膜机构叶片张开闭合功能,避免了使用电机驱动方式存在的结构复杂、重量相对较大、控制可靠性低的问题。本发明提出的机械虹膜装置适用于对重量、可靠性要求高的各类航空航天应用。(The invention provides a mechanical iris device driven by a shape memory alloy wire, which comprises an iris mechanism module and a driving module; the driving module comprises a shape memory alloy driving plate; the shape memory alloy driving plate comprises an arc-shaped printed plate, a shape memory alloy wire which is heated and contracted and an arc-shaped sliding plate. The invention adopts the shape memory alloy wire to drive to realize the opening and closing functions of the blades of the mechanical iris mechanism, and avoids the problems of complex structure, relatively large weight and low control reliability in the motor driving mode. The mechanical iris device provided by the invention is suitable for various aerospace applications with high requirements on weight and reliability.)
1. A mechanical iris device driven by shape memory alloy wires comprises an iris mechanism module and a driving module; the iris mechanism module comprises blades, an outer shell and an inner shell; the housing is fixed on equipment needing the protection of the iris device; the outer shell and the inner shell are coaxially arranged and can relatively rotate under the action of the driving module; the blades are positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell and connected with the outer shell and the inner shell, and can be opened or closed when the outer shell and the inner shell rotate relatively;
the method is characterized in that:
the driving module comprises a shape memory alloy driving plate; the shape memory alloy driving plate comprises an arc-shaped printed plate, a shape memory alloy wire which is heated and contracted and an arc-shaped sliding plate;
the shape memory alloy wires which are heated and shrunk are arranged on the arc-shaped printed board and can be controlled by the arc-shaped printed board to be powered on or powered off; one end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixed on the arc-shaped printed board, and the other end of the shape memory alloy wire is connected with the arc-shaped sliding board; the arc-shaped sliding plate is matched with the arc-shaped printed board in a relatively sliding mode and is connected through a first spring; when the shape memory alloy wire is electrified and heated to shrink, the arc-shaped sliding plate and the arc-shaped printed board can be pulled to relatively slide, and after the shape memory alloy wire is powered off, the first spring can pull the arc-shaped sliding plate and the arc-shaped printed board to relatively slide in the opposite direction;
the arc-shaped printed board is fixed on the inner surface of the outer shell or the outer surface of the inner shell, the arc-shaped sliding board is correspondingly and fixedly connected with the outer surface of the inner shell or the inner surface of the outer shell, and when the arc-shaped sliding board and the arc-shaped printed board slide relatively, the outer shell and the inner shell can be driven to rotate relatively.
2. The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the driving module further comprises a second spring, the second spring is positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell, and two ends of the second spring are respectively connected with the outer shell and the inner shell; the second spring has the same movement trend as the first spring.
3. A shape memory alloy wire driven mechanical iris apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and a plurality of bolt type bearings are arranged on the arc-shaped printed board and are used as corner supports for winding the shape memory alloy wire on the surface of the arc-shaped printed board, so that the length of the shape memory alloy wire meets the requirement that the length change after the shape memory alloy wire is heated and contracted can provide displacement required by relative rotation of the outer shell and the inner shell.
4. The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the arc-shaped sliding plate and the arc-shaped printed board are in sliding connection in a mode that a slotted hole is matched with a positioning bolt.
5. The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the arc-shaped printed board is provided with a power supply management module; the power supply management module converts the input voltage into power supply input of the shape memory alloy wire, and the power supply input is used for heating the shape memory alloy wire and driving the blades to move; and the power supply management module controls the on-off of the shape memory alloy wire according to a given signal.
6. The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the power management module can change the relative rotation speed of the outer shell and the inner shell by changing the input current of the shape memory alloy wire.
7. The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the iris mechanism module is a spherical iris mechanism module; the blade is provided with a round hole and an inclined slotted hole; the blade round holes are matched with the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell, so that the blades can rotate around the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell; the oblique slotted hole of the blade is matched with the cylindrical short rod on the shell, so that the blade can slide along the cylindrical short rod on the shell, and the opening or closing of the blade is realized.
8. The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer shell is matched with the bottom of the inner shell through a bearing.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical iris device, in particular to a mechanical iris device driven by shape memory alloy wires.
Background
Iris mechanisms are of two kinds, 2D (planar) and 3D (spherical). The most common application of the plane iris mechanism is a camera diaphragm which is composed of a plurality of overlapped arc-shaped thin metal blades, the size of a central circular aperture is changed by the separation and reunion of the blades, the number of the arc-shaped thin metal blades can be from 5 to 18, and the more the blades are, the more the aperture is circular. The spherical iris mechanism is characterized in that the blades are arranged on a spherical surface, and the blades extend out to form the spherical surface. The spherical iris has a plurality of potential applications, such as a hidden mechanism of an airborne detection device, a missile tail nozzle opening and closing mechanism and the like.
Opening and closing of the iris mechanism is typically accomplished by rotating the mechanism to vary the distance of the blades from the center of the circle. In the traditional mode, a rotating mechanism is driven by a motor to drive the iris mechanism to open and close. The mode adopts the motor as the driving mechanism, which can meet the requirements in the conventional fields such as ground application, but when the driving mechanism is applied in aerospace, particularly in satellites or deep space probes, the conventional driving mechanism has the following problems: firstly, the motor is relatively heavy, and in the application field of aerospace where each gram of mass is invaluable, a driving mechanism with a new structure and light weight needs to be adopted; secondly, the driving control of the motor is complex, and the motor is easily influenced by the charged particles in the space environment, so that the reliability of the motor driving is reduced, and a driving mechanism with a simple control link is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of complex structure, relatively large weight and low control reliability of the existing iris mechanism which needs to be driven by a motor, the invention provides a mechanical iris device driven by a shape memory alloy wire. The invention uses the shape memory alloy driving structure to replace a motor to drive the iris mechanism to open and close, has simple structure and light weight, and is suitable for aerospace application with high requirements on reliability and weight.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire comprises an iris mechanism module and a driving module; the iris mechanism module comprises blades, an outer shell and an inner shell; the housing is fixed on equipment needing the protection of the iris device; the outer shell and the inner shell are coaxially arranged and can relatively rotate under the action of the driving module; the blades are positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell and connected with the outer shell and the inner shell, and can be opened or closed when the outer shell and the inner shell rotate relatively;
the method is characterized in that:
the driving module comprises a shape memory alloy driving plate; the shape memory alloy driving plate comprises an arc-shaped printed plate, a shape memory alloy wire which is heated and contracted and an arc-shaped sliding plate;
the shape memory alloy wires which are heated and shrunk are arranged on the arc-shaped printed board and can be controlled by the arc-shaped printed board to be powered on or powered off; one end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixed on the arc-shaped printed board, and the other end of the shape memory alloy wire is connected with the arc-shaped sliding board; the arc-shaped sliding plate is matched with the arc-shaped printed board in a relatively sliding mode and is connected through a first spring; when the shape memory alloy wire is electrified and heated to shrink, the arc-shaped sliding plate and the arc-shaped printed board can be pulled to relatively slide, and after the shape memory alloy wire is powered off, the first spring can pull the arc-shaped sliding plate and the arc-shaped printed board to relatively slide in the opposite direction;
the arc-shaped printed board is fixed on the inner surface of the outer shell or the outer surface of the inner shell, the arc-shaped sliding board is correspondingly and fixedly connected with the outer surface of the inner shell or the inner surface of the outer shell, and when the arc-shaped sliding board and the arc-shaped printed board slide relatively, the outer shell and the inner shell can be driven to rotate relatively.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the driving module further comprises a second spring, the second spring is positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell, and two ends of the second spring are respectively connected with the outer shell and the inner shell; the second spring has the same movement trend as the first spring.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: and a plurality of bolt type bearings are arranged on the arc-shaped printed board and are used as corner supports for winding the shape memory alloy wire on the surface of the arc-shaped printed board, so that the length of the shape memory alloy wire meets the requirement that the length change after the shape memory alloy wire is heated and contracted can provide displacement required by relative rotation of the outer shell and the inner shell.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: and the arc-shaped sliding plate and the arc-shaped printed board are in sliding connection in a mode that a slotted hole is matched with a positioning bolt.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the arc-shaped printed board is provided with a power supply management module; the power supply management module converts the input voltage into power supply input of the shape memory alloy wire, and the power supply input is used for heating the shape memory alloy wire and driving the blades to move; and the power supply management module controls the on-off of the shape memory alloy wire according to a given signal.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the power management module can change the relative rotation speed of the outer shell and the inner shell by changing the input current of the shape memory alloy wire.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the iris mechanism module is a spherical iris mechanism module; the blade is provided with a round hole and an inclined slotted hole; the blade round holes are matched with the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell, so that the blades can rotate around the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell; the oblique slotted hole of the blade is matched with the cylindrical short rod on the shell, so that the blade can slide along the cylindrical short rod on the shell, and the opening or closing of the blade is realized.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the outer shell is matched with the bottom of the inner shell through a bearing.
Advantageous effects
The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire provided by the invention realizes the opening and closing functions of the blades of the mechanical iris mechanism by adopting the shape memory alloy wire for driving, and solves the problems of complex structure, relatively large weight and low control reliability in a motor driving mode. The mechanical iris device provided by the invention is suitable for various aerospace applications with high requirements on weight and reliability.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving module of a mechanical iris device driven by a shape memory alloy wire.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical iris device driven by a shape memory alloy wire.
Fig. 3 is a fully closed schematic view of a shape memory alloy wire driven mechanical iris apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a semi-open internal schematic view of a shape memory alloy wire driven mechanical iris device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a semi-open schematic view of a mechanical iris device driven by shape memory alloy wires according to the invention.
Fig. 6 is a fully expanded internal schematic view of a shape memory alloy wire driven mechanical iris apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a fully opened view of a mechanical iris device driven by shape memory alloy wires according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a stress-strain curve of a shape memory alloy wire for a mechanical iris apparatus driven by a shape memory alloy wire according to the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is an arc PCB; 2 is a bolt type bearing; 3 is a shape memory alloy wire; 4 is a power interface; 5 is a power management module; 6 is a first bolt; 7 is a second bolt; 8 is a first spring; 9 is a sliding plate; 10 is a third bolt; 11 is a fourth bolt; 12 is a blade; 13 is an inner iris shell; 14 is a driving module; 15 is a bearing; 16 is a second spring; 17 is the outer shell of the iris.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a mechanical iris device driven by a shape memory alloy wire, which takes the shape memory alloy wire as a driving source and outputs a long-stroke driving force, and the driving force drives an iris mechanism to rotate so as to realize the opening and closing functions of the iris.
The mechanical iris device comprises the following characteristics:
the method is characterized in that: the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire comprises an iris mechanism module and a shape memory alloy wire driving module.
And (2) feature: the iris mechanism module comprises blades, an outer shell and an inner shell. The outer shell is fixed on equipment needing the protection of the iris mechanism, and the blades are opened and closed through the relative rotation of the inner shell and the outer shell.
And (3) feature: the drive module includes a shape memory alloy drive plate. The drive board consists of an arc-shaped PCB, shape memory alloy wires and springs, wherein the shape memory alloy wires and the springs are fixed on the PCB, a single short shape memory alloy wire cannot provide enough long displacement drive, and the shape memory alloy wires are wound on the PCB in an S shape to provide enough long displacement drive load. Preferably, the iris diaphragm also comprises a spring, one end of the spring is fixed on the outer iris shell, and the other end of the spring is fixed on the inner iris shell.
And (4) feature: the power management module is fixed on the PCB and has two functions: firstly, voltage in a certain voltage range can be converted into power supply input required by a driving module, the shape memory alloy wire is heated, and the blade is driven to move; and secondly, the functions of electrifying and powering off the driving module are realized through a given signal. The opening and closing speed of the blades can be changed by changing the current input into the shape memory summation wire.
And (5) feature: the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire has two forms. One mode is that the device is in a blade closing state in a normal state, the driving module is electrified to drive the blades to open; the power is turned off and the spring pulls the blade back to the closed position. The other form is that the device is in a blade opening state in a normal state, the driving module is electrified, and the driving blades are closed; the power is cut off and the spring pulls the blades back to the open position.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In this embodiment:
the outer shell and the inner shell of the iris have better rigidity, and the integral structure except the blades can not deform.
The shape memory alloy wire is recoverable within a limited deformation range, thereby enabling stretching and contraction of the shape memory alloy wire.
The cylindrical short rods on the iris outer shell and the iris inner shell can be replaced by bolts.
The iris mechanism can be in a normally closed state or a normally open state according to actual requirements, and power supply is not needed in the normally closed state or the normally open state.
The electrical signal is removed, the power is cut off, and the spring pulls the blades back to the open state or the closed state.
Refer to FIGS. 1 to 7. The mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire in the embodiment comprises an
The driving
The lower side of the iris
Referring to fig. 8, the shape
When the device works, the iris device is in a completely closed state, the blades 12 are in a closed state, the power management module 5 provides voltage and control signals, the shape memory alloy wire 3 is electrified and heated, the shape memory alloy wire 3 contracts due to the shape memory effect, the right end of the shape memory alloy wire 3 is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped PCB 1, so that the left end of the shape memory alloy wire 3 generates displacement, the left end of the shape memory alloy wire 3 is fixedly connected with the sliding plate 9, so that the sliding plate 9 moves clockwise and circumferentially relative to the arc-shaped PCB 1, the two ends of the first spring 8 are respectively fixed on the second bolt 7 and the sliding plate 9, so that the first spring 8 generates stretching motion and stores energy, the iris inner shell 13 is fixedly connected with the sliding plate 9 through the fourth bolt, namely the iris inner shell 13 moves clockwise and axially relative to the arc-shaped PCB 1, the two ends of the second spring 16 are respectively fixed on the iris inner, the energy is stored, the blades 12 perform anticlockwise circular motion around the cylindrical short rod of the iris inner shell 13, the blades 12 are screwed into the iris outer shell 17, the blades 12 cannot be observed after the blades move into the iris outer shell 17, and at the moment, the iris device is in a fully opened state.
After the iris device is in a fully opened state, the
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
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