阅读说明：本技术 一种超宽带奇等功分电路及设计方法 (Ultra-wideband odd-equal power dividing circuit and design method ) 是由 夏一生 沈喜生 于 2019-11-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种超宽带奇等功分电路及设计方法,包括：等相功分单元、非等相功分单元以及等相合成单元；具体步骤为：第一步利用等阻抗匹配先进行第一级一分二等功率分配；第二步是利用高低阻抗匹配的方式将第一级等功分支路按照接近1:2的阻抗比不等功分；第三步是将不等功分的两支路对应的高阻抗分路再进行低阻抗匹配合成,完成最终的三等功分输出。本发明利用等功分/不等功分网络组合和级联高低阻抗匹配的方式实现信号功率的奇等功分,针对不同频率信号的耐功率需求,可以选择不同微波基板或电路形式,满足大功率信号散热需求。本发明首次采用高低阻抗匹配的方式实现功率分配和合成电路的设计需求。(The invention discloses an ultra-wideband odd-equal power dividing circuit and a design method thereof, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: the equal phase power dividing unit, the unequal phase power dividing unit and the equal phase synthesizing unit; the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, first-stage second-stage power distribution is carried out by utilizing equal impedance matching; secondly, the first-stage equal power division branch is subjected to unequal power division according to the impedance ratio close to 1:2 by using a high-low impedance matching mode; and thirdly, performing low impedance matching synthesis on the high impedance branches corresponding to the two branches with unequal power division to finish the final output of the three equal power division. The invention realizes odd equal power division of signal power by using an equal power division/unequal power division network combination and a cascading high-low impedance matching mode, can select different microwave substrates or circuit forms aiming at the power resistance requirements of different frequency signals, and meets the heat dissipation requirement of high-power signals. The invention realizes the design requirement of the power distribution and synthesis circuit by adopting a high-low impedance matching mode for the first time.)

1. An ultra-wideband odd equipartition circuit, comprising:

equal phase power division unit: an input microwave radio frequency signal inlet port A inputs an input microwave radio frequency signal into an input port B of a non-equiphase unit and an input port C of a non-equiphase unit at the rear end in an equiphase mode through a equiphase power division unit;

an unequal phase power division unit: the non-equiphase power division unit input port B receives microwave radio frequency signals output by the equiphase power division unit, multi-section impedance transformation circuits are used for realizing the output of signal power ratio of about 1:2, and the signals are respectively transmitted to a port D and a port E;

an unequal phase power division unit: the non-equiphase power division unit input port C receives microwave radio frequency signals output by the equiphase power division unit, multi-section impedance transformation circuits are used for realizing that the signal power ratio is about 1:2, and the signals are respectively transmitted to a port D and a port G;

an equal phase synthesis unit: the 1/6 port with the total power occupied by the output signal power of the two non-equiphase power dividing units utilizes high-low impedance transition matching and multi-section impedance transformation to realize power synthesis and serve as the final output of a third branch, and the requirement of outputting the output power in one-to-three equal-amplitude is met.

2. The ultra-wideband odd equipartition circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the circuit has power equal-division output, the insertion loss of microwave signals below 18GHz radio frequency is less than 1.5dB, the standing-wave ratio is less than or equal to 1.8, and the phase consistency of three output branches is less than or equal to +/-8 degrees.

3. The design method of the ultra-wideband odd-equal power division circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing first-stage second-stage power distribution on the odd-equal power dividing circuit by using equal impedance matching; secondly, the impedance ratio of the first-stage equal power division branch is divided unequally by using a high-low impedance matching mode; and thirdly, performing low impedance matching synthesis on the high impedance branches corresponding to the two branches with unequal power division to finish the final output of the three equal power division.

4. The design method of the ultra-wideband odd-equal power division circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: the specific process of the method is as follows: an input port A of the odd equal power division circuit receives an input microwave signal, the radio frequency signal is equally distributed to B, C two ports by using equal impedance matching, the signal is subjected to high-low impedance matching from a port B, and the ratio of the impedance output to the port E to the impedance output to the port D is about 1: 2; meanwhile, high-low impedance matching is carried out on signals from the port C, the ratio of the impedance output to the port G to the impedance output to the port D is about 1:2, the two high-impedance circuits are subjected to equal impedance matching synthesis at the port D and output to the port F, and the odd equal power output of signals of the three ports E, F, G is guaranteed through simulation and model matching calculation.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of power distribution and synthesis in a microwave electromagnetic system, and relates to an ultra-wideband odd-equal power distribution circuit and a design method thereof.

Background

In recent years, with rapid development in the fields of microwave detection, electromagnetic compatibility test, and the like, the demand for high-performance, power detection and transmission systems is increasing. As a key component of microwave electromagnetic systems, power amplifier technologies based on power distribution and synthesis have become mature and are beginning to be applied to transmission systems of electromagnetic devices for civil use. In order to realize ultra-wideband and high-power output, in addition to using a GaN chip unit with higher power, it is one of the key methods to be considered to consider multi-path power distribution/synthesis, and in the synthesis process, especially for the synthesis and power tolerance of radio frequency signals below 18GHz, the power tolerance level and reliability of each component of the assembly will be faced. Therefore, the combining efficiency and the heat dissipation index performance of the amplifier are always more concerned, and how to realize the most effective power distribution and combination is particularly critical.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a design method of an ultra-wideband odd-class power division circuit, which has the advantages of simple circuit topology, simple and convenient structural design and small process realization difficulty.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is an ultra-wideband odd equipower splitting circuit, which comprises:

equal phase power division unit: receiving an input microwave radio frequency signal (entering from a port A), and inputting an input signal into a port B and a port C of a non-equiphase unit at the rear end in an equiphase mode through a equiphase power division unit;

an unequal phase power division unit: the non-equiphase power dividing unit input port B receives microwave radio frequency signals output by the equiphase power dividing unit, high-low impedance microwave circuit matching is utilized, namely, multi-section impedance conversion circuits are utilized to realize that the signal power ratio is about 1:2 output, and the signals are respectively transmitted to a port D and a port E;

an unequal phase power division unit: the non-equiphase power dividing unit input port C receives microwave radio frequency signals output by the equiphase power dividing unit, high-low impedance microwave circuit matching is utilized, namely, multi-section impedance conversion circuits are utilized to realize that the signal power ratio is about 1:2 output, and the signals are respectively transmitted to a port D and a port G;

an equal phase synthesis unit: the 1/6 (ideal) port with the total power occupied by the output signal power of the two non-equiphase power dividing units realizes power synthesis by high-low impedance transition matching and multi-section impedance transformation and serves as a third branch for final output, and the requirement of output power of one-to-three equiphase equal-amplitude is met.

Furthermore, the circuit has power equal-division output, the insertion loss of microwave signals below 18GHz radio frequency is less than 1.5dB, the standing-wave ratio is less than or equal to 1.8, and the phase consistency of three output branches is less than or equal to +/-8 degrees.

The technical scheme of the method of the invention is as follows: a design method of an ultra-wideband odd equipower splitting circuit comprises the following steps: firstly, performing first-stage second-stage power distribution on the odd-equal power dividing circuit by using equal impedance matching; secondly, the impedance ratio of the first-stage equal power division branch is divided unequally by using a high-low impedance matching mode; and thirdly, performing low impedance matching synthesis on the high impedance branches corresponding to the two branches with unequal power division to finish the final output of the three equal power division.

Further, the specific process of the method is as follows: an input port A of the odd equal power division circuit receives an input microwave signal, the radio frequency signal is equally distributed to B, C two ports by using equal impedance matching, the signal is subjected to high-low impedance matching from a port B, and the ratio of the impedance output to the port E to the impedance output to the port D is about 1: 2; meanwhile, high-low impedance matching is carried out on signals from the port C, the ratio of the impedance output to the port G to the impedance output to the port D is about 1:2, the two high-impedance circuits are subjected to equal impedance matching synthesis at the port D and output to the port F, and the odd equal power output of signals of the three ports E, F, G is guaranteed through simulation and model matching calculation.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. ultra-wideband low-loss high-efficiency circuit: based on even power distribution matching circuit and fan-shaped one-to-three power distribution network, it is difficult to cover ultra wide band bandwidth, and wilkinson insertion loss is large, and phase consistency performance of the fan-shaped one-to-three power distribution network is poor. In contrast, the invention adopts a mode of combining one-half power division and two-half power division and an unequal power division and a mode of gradually changing resistance, reduces the insertion loss of the power division circuit under the condition of not needing an isolation resistor, realizes the synthetic output of the third branch by utilizing the equal power matching of a high-resistance and low-resistance circuit, realizes the phase matching of the three branches by utilizing the circuit compensation, and ensures the consistency performance of the phase. The invention can effectively improve the frequency bandwidth and the synthesis efficiency of the synthesis circuit.

2. Strong power resistance: the one-to-three equal power distribution network designed by the invention can be suitable for power distribution and synthesis below 18GHz, and aiming at the higher power synthesis use occasions, the one-to-three equal power network provided by the invention can further reduce the loss, reduce the thermal deposition of the circuit and improve the power resistance of the synthesis circuit through a banded circuit or a cavity circuit of a quasi waveguide with smaller dielectric constant and higher Q value.

3. Low development cost: the power synthesis circuit adopted in the invention has simple form, smart design and lower development cost.

4. Expandable functions: the one-to-three odd equal power dividing/combining circuit can give consideration to both power distribution and combining functions, can be applied to low-power radio-frequency signal power dividing/combining power use by increasing the isolation resistors step by step, and can be expanded to be applied to more odd equal power dividing/combining circuits such as 6 paths, 12 paths and the like based on the one-to-three equal power dividing/combining circuit.

The invention provides a design method of an ultra-wideband odd-equal power division circuit, which realizes odd-equal power division of signal power by using an equal power division/unequal power division network combination and a cascading high-low impedance matching mode, can select different microwave substrates or circuit forms aiming at power resistance requirements of signals with different frequencies, and meets the heat dissipation requirement of high-power signals. The invention realizes the design requirement of the power distribution and synthesis circuit by adopting a high-low impedance matching mode for the first time, and has the advantages of simple circuit topology, easy realization of manufacturing process, wide working frequency bandwidth, small insertion loss and the like.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following provides a simple schematic drawing for further explanation of the solution.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a topology of a fan-shaped one-to-three integrated circuit;

FIG. 2 is a design diagram of a one-to-three synthesized circuit based on even power division matched load;

FIG. 3 is an arbitrary power distribution schematic;

fig. 4 is a design diagram of a one-to-three odd equipotent power division circuit based on high-low impedance matching.

FIG. 5 is an ultra-wideband odd equipower splitting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.

Aiming at different circuit design requirements, unequal power division and synthesis technologies are widely used, and at present, methods for odd equal power distribution comprise: (1) a fan-shaped direct one-to-three power distribution network is utilized, as shown in a topological structure diagram of a fan-shaped one-to-three power distribution circuit in fig. 1; (2) a one-to-four-even equal power division matching circuit network designed by 3 wilkinson power division cascades is utilized, one of the paths is connected with a load to be matched, and a one-to-three power division network is realized, as shown in a one-to-three power division circuit design diagram based on even equal power division matching loads in fig. 2. The main problems with these two methods are: although the size insertion loss of the fan-shaped direct one-to-three power division and the network is small, one path of isolation degree is poor (the first output branch and the third output branch cannot be isolated), the phase consistency among the ports is large, and high-performance signal transmission in ultrahigh bandwidth is difficult to realize; the amplitude-phase consistency of the one-to-three power dividing circuit based on even power dividing matched load is weak, the insertion loss of the one-to-three power dividing network adopting the Wilkinson power dividing circuit and the matched load is larger than that of the one-to-three power dividing network without the matched load, the amplitude-phase consistency of other ports is easily influenced by load matching, and the position of the matched port needs to be adjusted to reduce the influence. The circuits of the two methods 1 and 2 have limited capacity of realizing low insertion loss and odd equal power division/synthesis network transmission performance with equal amplitude phase consistency of each branch, and if the circuits are used for multi-path synthesis of a power amplifier, the synthesis efficiency and the final output power of the power amplifier are affected, namely, aiming at a broadband or ultra-wideband planar circuit, the method is difficult to realize low-loss and high-efficiency power synthesis.

The invention provides a design method of an ultra-wideband odd equipartition power divider circuit, which utilizes a one-to-two power divider cascade design of unequal division and equal division and realizes one-to-three equal power output design through multi-stage unequal impedance ratio matching as shown in figure 3.

The invention provides a design method of an ultra-wideband odd equipotent divider circuit, which mainly realizes power proportioning output based on unequal ratio of characteristic impedance, and a schematic diagram of a power divider with any power dividing ratio is described in an attached figure 3. Summarizing the power signal characteristics by voltage signals, assuming that port 1 has no reflection, port 2 and port 3 have equal-voltage in-phase outputs, and the output power ratio of port 2 to port 3 is 1: k, where K is any specified value. According to the condition that the line length L of the two-section branch microstrip line is lambda/4 and the matched load of the output end is R₁And R₂Is provided with R₁＝K*Z₀From the transmission line theoretical formula, we can obtain:

R₂＝Z₀/K (1)

wherein the input characteristic impedance Z₀Is 50 omega.

As shown in fig. 4-5, the whole one-to-three circuit is composed of two equal-division circuits and two unequal-division circuits, wherein an input microwave radio frequency signal (entering from port a) is received, and the input signal is input to port B and port C of a non-equal-phase circuit at the rear end in an equal phase manner through the equal-power division circuit;

the non-equiphase power dividing circuit input port B receives microwave radio frequency signals output by the equiphase power dividing circuit, high-low impedance microwave circuit matching is utilized, namely, multi-section impedance conversion circuits are utilized to realize that the signal power ratio is about 1:2 output, and the signals are respectively transmitted to a port D and a port E;

the non-equiphase power dividing unit input port C receives microwave radio frequency signals output by the equiphase power dividing unit, high-low impedance microwave circuit matching is utilized, namely, multi-section impedance conversion circuits are utilized to realize that the signal power ratio is about 1:2 output, and the signals are respectively transmitted to a port D and a port G;

the 1/6 (ideal) port with the total power occupied by the output signal power of the two non-equiphase power dividing units realizes power synthesis by high-low impedance transition matching and multi-section impedance transformation and serves as a third branch for final output, and the requirement of output power of one-to-three equiphase equal-amplitude is met.

When the two output ports of 1/6 (under an ideal condition) occupying the total power are combined into a circuit, the matching power length needs to be simulated in the final circuit of the combined circuit to ensure the phase consistency of the three branches, so as to improve the power combining efficiency.

The invention provides a design method of an ultra-wideband odd-equal power division circuit, and provides a novel power division network with larger tolerant power aiming at odd-equal power distribution. Different from the traditional N-path power division design method, the one-to-three equal power division circuit adopts a power division and synthesis cascade synthesis mode, adopts a two-stage cascade design, adopts a method of combining and matching 1:1 equal power division and 1:2 unequal power division for the first stage and the second stage respectively, and the implementation process of the whole circuit mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, first-stage second-stage power distribution is carried out by utilizing an equal impedance matching circuit; secondly, the first-stage equal power division branch is subjected to unequal power division according to the impedance ratio close to 1:2 by using a high-low impedance matching mode; and thirdly, performing low impedance matching synthesis on the high impedance branches corresponding to the two branches with unequal power division to finish the final output of the three equal power division. A one-to-three circuit topology is shown in the following figure and described in detail below.

The input port A of the odd equal power divider receives an input microwave signal, the radio frequency signal is equally divided into B, C two ports by using equal impedance matching, the signal is subjected to high-low impedance matching from the port B, and the ratio of the impedance output to the port E to the impedance output to the port D is about 1: 2; meanwhile, high-low impedance matching is carried out on signals from the port C, the ratio of the impedance output to the port G to the impedance output to the port D is about 1:2, the two high-impedance circuits are subjected to equal impedance matching synthesis at the port D and output to the port F, and the odd equal power output of signals of the three ports E, F, G is guaranteed through simulation and model matching calculation. The invention provides a design method of an ultra-wideband odd-equal power division circuit, which realizes odd-equal synthesis of signal power by using a high-low impedance matching mode, can select different microwave substrates or circuit forms aiming at power resistance requirements of different frequency signals, and meets the requirements of high-power transmission and heat dissipation. The invention realizes the design requirement of power synthesis of the high-power amplifier by adopting a multi-stage high-low impedance matching mode for the first time, and has the characteristics of simple circuit topology and design, simple and convenient manufacturing process, wide working frequency bandwidth, strong power tolerance, small insertion loss, consistent multipath signal amplitude, low matching transmission difficulty and the like.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.