Tenon surface layer resin impregnation treatment method and enhanced wood structure mortise and tenon joint
阅读说明：本技术 一种榫头表层树脂浸填处理方法及增强型木结构榫卯节点 (Tenon surface layer resin impregnation treatment method and enhanced wood structure mortise and tenon joint ) 是由 武国芳 钟永 任海青 于 2019-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出的一种榫头表层树脂浸填处理方法及增强型木结构榫卯节点,所述方法包括：利用酚醛树脂、水和纳米二氧化硅配制复合树脂溶液；将木梁的榫头端部在常温常压下浸入制备的复合树脂溶液中24h；取出木梁的榫头端部后用水冲清其表层残留的复合树脂溶液,并将木梁在10-20℃,65±10％湿度环境中养护48h以上,使得侵入木梁榫头的复合树脂溶液固化,并在木梁榫头浅层形成坚固层。所述榫卯节点包括木梁和开有卯口的木柱,在木梁的榫头表层具有一层上述坚固层。本发明在不改变木构件和节点外观,且不对木构件做切割开槽等机械切割的前提下可有效提高榫卯节点的承载性能。(The invention provides a tenon surface layer resin impregnation treatment method and an enhanced wood structure mortise and tenon joint, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preparing a composite resin solution by using phenolic resin, water and nano silicon dioxide; soaking the tenon end part of the wood beam into the prepared composite resin solution at normal temperature and normal pressure for 24 hours; and taking out the tenon end part of the wood beam, washing away the residual composite resin solution on the surface layer of the tenon end part by using water, and maintaining the wood beam at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ and the humidity of 65 +/-10% for more than 48 hours, so that the composite resin solution intruding into the tenon end of the wood beam is solidified, and a solid layer is formed on the shallow layer of the tenon end of the wood beam. The tenon-and-mortise joint comprises a wood beam and a wood column with a mortise opening, and the surface layer of the tenon of the wood beam is provided with the solid layer. The invention can effectively improve the bearing performance of the mortise and tenon joint on the premise of not changing the appearance of the wood member and the joint and not performing mechanical cutting such as cutting, slotting and the like on the wood member.)
1. A tenon surface resin impregnation processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing composite resin solution
Weighing water and phenolic resin as a solvent and a solute respectively, adding nano silicon dioxide as a dispersing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite resin solution; wherein the mass concentration of the phenolic resin is 10-15%, and the addition amount of the nano silicon dioxide is 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the phenolic resin;
2) immersing the tenon end part of the wood beam into the prepared composite resin solution, and soaking for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure;
3) and taking the wood beam out of the composite resin solution, washing the residual composite resin solution on the surface layer of the end part of the wood beam by water, and curing the wood beam for more than 48 hours at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ and in the humidity environment of 65 +/-10% so that the composite resin solution intruding into the tenon of the wood beam is cured and a solid layer is formed on the shallow layer of the tenon of the wood beam.
2. The method for resin impregnation of the surface of the tenon according to claim 1, wherein the composite resin solution prepared in step 1) further contains a wood preservative with a volume fraction of no more than 10% of the composite resin solution, and the wood preservative is sodium tetraborate, quaternary cupric, cupric azole, or umiroline.
3. The method for resin impregnation treatment of the surface of the tenon according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 2), all the tenons and the wood beams in the vicinity thereof within not less than 50mm are immersed in the composite resin solution.
4. The method for resin impregnation of the surface layer of the tenon according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the solid layer obtained in the step 3) is 5 to 15 mm.
5. The reinforced wood structure mortise and tenon joint comprises a wood column and a wood beam, wherein a mortise opening is formed in the wood column, the end part of the wood beam is processed into a tenon matched with the mortise opening in size of the wood column, and the mortise and tenon joint is formed by inserting the tenon of the wood beam into the mortise opening of the wood column by the wood column and the wood beam; the method is characterized in that a solid layer is arranged on the surface layer of the tenon of the wood beam, the solid layer is formed by immersing the end part of the tenon of the wood beam into a composite resin solution for 24 hours, then taking out the tenon of the wood beam, cleaning the residual composite resin solution on the surface of the tenon of the wood beam, and then maintaining the wood beam in an environment with 10-20 ℃ and 65 +/-10% of humidity for more than 48 hours; the composite resin solution is prepared by uniformly stirring water serving as a solvent, phenolic resin with the mass concentration of 10-15% serving as a solute and nano-silica serving as a dispersing agent, wherein the addition amount of the nano-silica is 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the phenolic resin.
6. The enhanced wood-structure mortise and tenon joint according to claim 5, wherein a wood preservative is further added to the composite resin solution in an amount not exceeding 10% by volume, and the wood preservative is sodium tetraborate, quaternary cupric, cupric azole, or umiroline.
7. The reinforced wood-structure mortise and tenon joint according to claim 5, wherein the ends of the wood beams are immersed in the composite resin solution in such a manner that all the tenons and the wood beams adjacent to the tenons are not less than 50mm are immersed in the composite resin solution.
8. The reinforced wood-structure mortise and tenon joint according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the solid layer is 5-15 mm.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood structure building engineering, in particular to a tenon surface layer resin impregnation treatment method and an enhanced wood structure tenon-and-mortise node.
Background
The wood structure is an important building form of ancient buildings in China, and the mode of adopting mortise-tenon connection as the connection mode among wood components is the most important characteristic of the ancient wood structure in China. The tenon-and-mortise connection is a connection mode formed by concave-convex combination between wood components, the protruded part is called a tenon, the recessed part is called a mortise, and the components are combined together through the tenon and the mortise to form a tenon-and-mortise connection node.
The types of the mortise-tenon joint nodes are various, and the mortise-tenon joint among the beam columns is a basic and important connection form. The mortise and tenon joint between the beams and the columns has very important influence on the overall bearing performance of the structure. The tenon-and-mortise joint node between the beam column not only transmits the vertical load on the wood beam to the wood column, under the action of lateral loads such as wind or earthquake, the angle between the beam column will change, and the upper and lower surfaces of the tenon and the mortise of the wood column are mutually extruded to form a resistance bending moment so as to resist the lateral load. Because the elastic modulus of the wood in the cross grain direction and the compressive strength of the wood in the cross grain direction are both lower, the bending rigidity and the bearing capacity of the traditional mortise and tenon joint are both limited. Researches find that under the action of bending moment, the tenon and the mortise extrude each other, and a deeper pit is often formed on the tenon. In addition, in the investigation of the existing ancient wood substitute structure in China, the phenomena of tenon-and-mortise joint loosening, local tenon drawing and the like are found due to excessive extrusion deformation of some tenon-and-mortise joints in the long-term use process. Therefore, the performance of the mortise-tenon joint node between the beam columns is an important factor for limiting the span, height and the like of the mortise-tenon joint beam column type wood structure.
Along with the gradual improvement of the quality requirement of living space of people, the application of modern wood structure buildings in China is more and more extensive. The existing generation wood structure has made new progress in the aspects of materials and processing technology on the basis of inheriting the ancient wood structure. More and more novel wood products are being developed, compared with the traditional square wood and raw wood, the novel wood products such as laminated wood, engineering wood products and the like are larger in size and more stable in performance, become main materials of wood structure buildings, and have continuously improved requirements on mechanical properties of mortise and tenon joint nodes along with the increase of the building volume; in addition, the application of the numerical control machining technology not only improves the machining precision, but also greatly improves the machining efficiency, and the timber structure building adopting mortise and tenon connection can realize industrial production and has good application prospect. Aiming at the characteristic that the bending resistance of the mortise and tenon joint is weak, a proper reinforcing method needs to be provided.
Some prior patents disclose some methods for strengthening mortise and tenon joints of wood structures. The method for reinforcing the arc-shaped steel plate as described in 'a wood structure tenon-and-mortise node reinforced by energy-consuming arc-shaped steel plate' (application number 201120137388.1); the reinforcing and energy-consuming damping device for the tenon-and-mortise joints of the wood structure (application number 201320561955.5) adopts a metal fastener reinforcing mode; the dot-matrix transverse-grain reinforced wood structure mortise and tenon joint (application number 201410831335.8) adopts a wood-bamboo dot-matrix reinforcing mode. The mortise plate type transverse grain reinforced wood structure mortise and tenon joint (application number 201410830182.5) adopts a reinforcing mode that tenons are inserted into wood and bamboo boards.
The existing wood structure mortise and tenon joint reinforcing mode can partially achieve the effects of reinforcing the vertical bearing capacity, the energy consumption capacity and the like of the mortise and tenon joint, but also has the following main problems:
1) the appearance of the structure is affected, if the structure is reinforced by arc-shaped steel plates or metal connecting pieces, reinforcing materials are required to be exposed, and the appearance of a building is affected.
2) The inserting plate type and dot matrix tenon reinforcing method has a good effect of reinforcing the vertical bearing capacity of the tenon-and-mortise joint, but the drilling and slotting operations perpendicular to the tenon destroy the continuity of wood fibers, reduce the bending resistance bearing capacity of the tenon, and cause the tenon-and-mortise joint to be easily broken at the tenon during bending; and the connection between the reinforcement and the wood may deteriorate over time and may even fail.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a tenon surface layer resin impregnation treatment method and an enhanced wood structure tenon-and-mortise node.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a tenon surface resin impregnation processing method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing composite resin solution
Weighing water and phenolic resin as a solvent and a solute respectively, adding nano silicon dioxide as a dispersing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite resin solution; wherein the mass concentration of the phenolic resin is 10-15%, and the addition amount of the nano silicon dioxide is 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the phenolic resin;
2) immersing the tenon end part of the wood beam into the prepared composite resin solution, and soaking for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure;
3) and taking the wood beam out of the composite resin solution, washing the residual composite resin solution on the surface layer of the end part of the wood beam by water, and curing the wood beam for more than 48 hours at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ and in the humidity environment of 65 +/-10% so that the composite resin solution intruding into the tenon of the wood beam is cured and a solid layer is formed on the shallow layer of the tenon of the wood beam.
The invention further provides an enhanced wood structure mortise and tenon joint, which comprises a wood column and a wood beam, wherein a mortise opening is formed in the wood column, the end part of the wood beam is processed into a tenon matched with the mortise opening in size of the wood column, and the mortise and tenon joint is formed by inserting the tenon of the wood beam into the mortise opening of the wood column by the wood column and the wood beam; the method is characterized in that a solid layer is arranged on the surface layer of the tenon of the wood beam, the solid layer is formed by immersing the end part of the tenon of the wood beam into a composite resin solution for 24 hours, then taking out the tenon of the wood beam, cleaning the residual composite resin solution on the surface of the tenon of the wood beam, and then maintaining the wood beam in an environment with 10-20 ℃ and 65 +/-10% of humidity for more than 48 hours; the composite resin solution is prepared by uniformly stirring water serving as a solvent, phenolic resin with the mass concentration of 10-15% serving as a solute and nano-silica serving as a dispersing agent, wherein the addition amount of the nano-silica is 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the phenolic resin.
Further, a wood preservative with a volume fraction not more than 10% of the composite resin solution is added to the prepared composite resin solution, and the wood preservative adopts sodium tetraborate, quaternary copper, copper azole or umiroline.
Furthermore, the thickness of the solid layer is 5-15 mm.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
1) the appearance is not influenced, and the appearance of the tenon-and-mortise joint reinforced by the method is almost not different from that of the node which is not reinforced.
2) Through the treatment of the invention, a hard shell layer with a certain thickness is formed on the surface layer of the tenon, so that the local extrusion deformation of the tenon is relieved in a targeted manner, and the effects of improving the bearing capacity and rigidity of the tenon-and-mortise joint are achieved. The invention has zero damage to the node components, and the resin is filled in the cell cavities and mixed with the wood, so the resin can coexist for a long time and has good durability.
3) The invention can combine the anticorrosion treatment with the enhancement, and enhance the corrosion resistance of the node while improving the mechanical property of the mortise and tenon joint.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an enhanced wood-structure mortise and tenon joint shown in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the wood columns and the mortise ports thereof in the mortise and tenon joint shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an operation schematic diagram for resin impregnation of the tenon end of the wood beam in the mortise and tenon joint shown in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a tenon surface resin impregnation processing method, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing composite resin solution
Weighing water and low molecular weight (molecular weight is 200-400) phenolic resin as a solvent and a solute respectively, adding nano silicon dioxide as a dispersing agent, and uniformly stirring at a high speed to obtain a composite resin solution; wherein the mass concentration of the phenolic resin is 10-15%, and the addition amount of the nano silicon dioxide is 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the phenolic resin, and is used for enhancing the fluidity and permeability of the resin.
2) And (3) immersing the tenon end part of the wood beam into the prepared composite resin solution, and soaking for 24h at normal temperature and normal pressure, so that resin molecules penetrate into the surface layer of the tenon to a certain depth through naturally existing pores in wood structures such as wood ducts, wood rays and cell cavities. The resin molecules with larger molecular weight in the composite resin solution are mainly filled in the wood ducts and the wood rays, and the resin molecules with smaller molecular weight can enter the interior of the wood cell cavities. When the end of the wood beam is immersed in the composite resin solution, the wood beam with the height of not less than 50mm is immersed in the composite resin solution.
3) And taking the wood beam out of the composite resin solution, washing the residual composite resin solution on the surface layer of the end part of the wood beam by water, and maintaining the wood beam at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ and the humidity of 65 +/-10% for more than 48 hours, so that the composite resin solution intruding into the tenon of the wood beam is solidified, and a firm layer with the thickness of 5-15 mm is formed on the shallow layer of the tenon of the wood beam. The resin soaked in the wood is solidified to play a role in filling and supporting the porous microstructure of the tenon wood, and a firm crust is formed on the shallow layer of the tenon of the wood beam, so that the strength and the elastic modulus of the wood on the surface layer of the tenon are effectively enhanced, and the bending rigidity and the bearing capacity of the tenon-and-mortise joint are improved.
The reinforced wood structure mortise and tenon joint provided by the other embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1 and 2 and comprises a
In another embodiment of the invention, sodium tetraborate, quaternary copper, copper azole or umiroline and other wood preservatives meeting relevant specifications in China are added into the prepared composite resin solution, so that the treated tenon has an anticorrosion function. The amount of wood preservative added is not more than 10% by volume of the composite resin solution.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and adaptations to the above-described embodiments may be made without departing from the principles of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention, and that elements not specifically shown in the present embodiment may be practiced by other than the specific use of the claims.
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