Shaped structure, composite part comprising such a shaped structure, method for manufacturing such a composite part
阅读说明:本技术 成形结构、包括这种成形结构的复合部件、用于制造这种复合部件的方法 (Shaped structure, composite part comprising such a shaped structure, method for manufacturing such a composite part ) 是由 雅克·波切雷特 弗雷迪·麦克雷斯 帕特里克·拉米尔 于 2018-05-14 设计创作,主要内容包括:成形结构(1)包括两个彼此相距一定距离相互面向的成形片(5、7)。根据本发明,成形结构(1)还包括大孔间隔片(9),间隔片(9)布置在两个成形片(5、7)之间,并且以形成沿成形结构的第一方向(D1)分布的一系列交替的偶数峰(18)和奇数峰(20)的这种方式波纹化,至少一个偶数峰(18)贴附到第一成形片(5),至少一个奇数峰(20)贴附到第二成形片(7),这样贴附的每个峰(18、20)限定用于贴附到该峰(18、20)贴附到的成形片(5、7)的贴附表面(22、26)。(The forming structure (1) comprises two forming sheets (5, 7) facing each other at a distance from each other. According to the invention, the forming structure (1) further comprises a large-pore spacer sheet (9), the spacer sheet (9) being arranged between two forming sheets (5, 7) and being corrugated in such a way as to form a series of alternating even peaks (18) and odd peaks (20) distributed along a first direction (D1) of the forming structure, at least one even peak (18) being affixed to the first forming sheet (5) and at least one odd peak (20) being affixed to the second forming sheet (7), each peak (18, 20) so affixed defining an affixing surface (22, 26) for affixing to the forming sheet (5, 7) to which the peak (18, 20) is affixed.)
1. A forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) comprising two forming sheets (5, 7) facing each other at a distance from each other, said forming structure being characterized in that: the forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) further comprises a large-pore spacer sheet (9), the spacer sheet (9) being arranged between the two forming sheets (5, 7) and being corrugated in such a way as to form a series of alternating even-numbered peaks (18) and odd-numbered peaks (20) distributed along a first direction (D1) of the forming structure, at least one of the even-numbered peaks (18) being affixed to the first forming sheet (5) and at least one of the odd-numbered peaks (20) being affixed to the second forming sheet (7), each peak (18, 20) so affixed defining an affixing surface (22, 26) for affixing to the forming sheet (5, 7) to which that peak (18, 20) is affixed.
2. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to claim 1, characterised in that:
providing: at least two consecutive even-numbered peaks (18) are applied to the first forming sheet (5), thereby defining two consecutive application surfaces (22), respectively, and
the length (l1) between peaks measured parallel to the first direction (D1) between two consecutive application surfaces (22) has a value between 1.0 and 1.5 times the value of the surface length (l2) of the application surfaces (22), the surface length (l2) being measured parallel to the first direction (D1).
3. Forming structure (1; 101; 201) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that:
said even peaks (18) being regularly distributed in said first direction (D1); and is
The odd-numbered peaks (20) are regularly distributed in the first direction (D1).
4. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that: at least one of the attachment surfaces (22, 26) is a seat for attachment using an adhesive, such as a thermoplastic adhesive, which attaches the peak (18, 20) in question with the forming sheet (5, 7) in question, the adhesive being distributed over the attachment surface (22, 26) of the peak (18, 20).
5. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that: at least one of said attachment surfaces (22, 26) is an attached seat formed by welding the peak (18, 20) in question with the forming sheet (5, 7) in question, and in that: the attachment pieces (5, 7) in question comprise a layer of heat-sensitive material for the welding.
6. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that: at least one of said attachment surfaces (22, 26) is an attached seat formed by stitching the peak (18, 20) in question with the forming sheet (5, 7) in question.
7. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that: of the two forming sheets (5, 7), at least one of the forming sheets comprises a layer of nonwoven material.
8. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to claim 7, characterised in that: the nonwoven layer comprises a glass web comprising glass fibers connected to each other.
9. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that: the spacer (9) has a nominal size of the macropores of between about 2mm and 40mm, preferably between 5mm and 20 mm.
10. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that: the macroporous spacer sheet (9) comprises a grid of longitudinal and transverse threads connected at intersections.
11. Forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to claim 10, characterised in that: the linear density of the wire mesh is between 0.25 and 5 wires per cm, preferably between 0.5 and 2 wires per cm.
12. A composite part (3) characterized by: the composite part (3) comprises:
-a forming structure (1; 101; 201; 301) according to any one of the preceding claims; and
a central layer (30) formed of a hardenable or crosslinkable material in a hardened or crosslinked state, respectively, said central layer (30) occupying the space between said two shaped sheets (5, 7), said spacer sheets (9) extending within said central layer (30).
13. The composite member of claim 12, wherein: the hardenable or crosslinkable material has a foamed structure when it is in the hardened or crosslinked state, respectively.
14. A method for manufacturing a composite part (3) according to any one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that: the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: a) introducing a hardenable or crosslinkable material in a non-hardened or non-crosslinked state, respectively, into the forming structure (1; 101, a first electrode and a second electrode; 201; 301) between the two forming sheets (5, 7) so as to form the central layer (30), the two forming sheets (5, 7) defining the shape of the central layer by forming the hardenable or crosslinkable material between the two forming sheets (5, 7).
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The present invention relates to a shaped structure, a composite part comprising such a shaped structure and a method for manufacturing such a composite part.
The present invention relates to the field of composite materials.
[ background of the invention ]
FR 2060612B describes a fabric shaped piece for a hardenable material, which shaped piece comprises two layers of fabric which are kept at a distance from each other, which distance is limited by spacing threads distributed over the surface of the fabric.
For some applications, a disadvantage of this fabric form is that a large number of spaced threads need to be implemented to provide sufficient strength with respect to the constraints imposed by the introduction of the hardenable material between the two layers, which tends to separate the layers from each other. The addition of these additional spaced lines can be burdensome to the manufacturer of the formed part. In addition, the tensioning of the spacer thread creates periodic stress concentration zones that are located at the seam area of the spacer thread and the layer. Thus, zones of stress concentration may produce tear initiation of the layer. In addition, before introducing the hardenable material between the layers, it must be ensured that the two layers are separated from each other over virtually their entire surface in order to allow a satisfactory and regular penetration of the hardenable material between them, in particular of a hardenable material with poor flowability.
The present invention therefore aims to solve the above drawbacks by proposing a new universal forming structure that is particularly strong, inexpensive and advantageously self-supporting, while being easy to use.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention relates to a forming structure comprising two forming sheets facing each other at a distance from each other.
According to the invention, the forming structure further comprises a large-pore (macro) spacer sheet arranged between two forming sheets and corrugated in such a way as to form a series of alternating even and odd peaks distributed along a first direction of the forming structure, at least one even peak being affixed to the first forming sheet and at least one odd peak being affixed to the second forming sheet, each peak so affixed defining a affixing surface for affixing to the forming sheet to which the peak is affixed.
Due to the present invention, the spacer provides a dual function by imparting significant resistance and self-supporting properties to the forming structure. First, the surface properties of the spacer sheet make it inherently resistant to forces tending to separate the shaped sheets from one another, particularly when introducing a hardenable material between the shaped sheets that is non-hardening or crosslinkable in a non-crosslinked state in order to form a part or "composite part" from the composite material in a shaped structure. In addition, this surface property of the spacer sheet makes it possible to provide a surface fastening of the spacer sheet to the forming sheet via the fastening surface, such that the fastening takes up the above-mentioned forces and distributes the stresses exerted by the spacer sheet on the forming sheet, which limits the risk of tearing of the forming sheet due to stress concentrations. The macroporous nature of the spacer sheet further promotes good distribution of the hardenable or crosslinkable material through the macropores of the macroporous spacer sheet without difficulty when the hardenable or crosslinkable material is introduced between the forming sheets. Furthermore, when the hardenable or crosslinkable material is shaped between the shaping sheets in the hardened state, the spacer sheet acts as a structural reinforcement, like a frame, for the hardenable or crosslinkable material, so that the composite component formed thereby is particularly robust. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a specific reinforcing frame. Furthermore, the spacers have a higher stiffness than simple wires, which keeps the shaped sheets at a distance from each other over all or part of their surface when no stress is sought to bring the shaped sheets closer to each other or when the optimum stress is present, even if no hardenable or crosslinkable material is introduced between the two shaped sheets. Thereby, the forming structure is self-supporting. However, it is advantageous to provide: the spacer sheets have a certain elasticity to allow folding or flattening into the shaped structure by applying sufficient force, which seeks to fold the shaped sheets down against each other in order to reduce the volume of the shaped structure. It is also possible to provide: the spacer is particularly rigid in order to prevent this folding or flattening. In any case, due to this self-supporting nature, the forming structure can be used alone as a light self-supporting structure or spacer without introducing material between the forming sheets. Finally, the forming structure of the invention has the advantage of being particularly inexpensive to manufacture.
According to other optional and advantageous features of the invention, these features are considered according to all technically permissible combinations:
providing: at least two consecutive even-numbered peaks are affixed to the first forming sheet, thereby respectively defining two consecutive affixing surfaces, and a value of a length between the peaks measured parallel to a first direction between the two consecutive affixing surfaces is between 1.0 times and 1.5 times a value of a surface length of the affixing surface measured parallel to the first direction;
even peaks are regularly distributed in the first direction and odd peaks are regularly distributed in the first direction.
At least one of the attachment surfaces is a seat for attachment using an adhesive (such as a thermoplastic adhesive) that attaches the peak in question to the form sheet in question, the adhesive being distributed over the attachment surface of the peak;
at least one of the attachment surfaces is an attached seat formed by welding the peak in question with the shaped piece in question, and the attachment piece in question comprises a layer of heat-sensitive material for this welding;
at least one of the attachment surfaces is an attached seat formed by stitching the peak in question with the forming sheet in question;
of the two formed sheets, at least one formed sheet comprises a layer of nonwoven material;
the nonwoven material layer comprises a glass web comprising glass fibers connected to one another;
the nominal size of the large pores of the spacer is between about 2mm and 40mm, preferably between 5mm and 20 mm;
the macroporous spacer comprises a grid of longitudinal and transverse lines connected at an intersection point;
the linear density of the wire mesh is between 0.25 and 5 wires per cm, preferably between 0.5 and 2 wires per cm.
The invention also relates to a composite component. According to the invention, the composite part comprises a shaped structure according to the preceding description and a central layer formed of a hardenable or crosslinkable material in a hardened or crosslinked state, respectively, the central layer occupying the space between the two shaped sheets, the spacer sheets extending within the central layer.
Preferably, the hardenable or crosslinkable material has a foamed structure when it is in a hardened or crosslinked state, respectively.
The invention also relates to a method for producing a composite part according to the preceding description. According to the invention, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: a) a hardenable or crosslinkable material, respectively in a non-hardened or non-crosslinked state, is introduced between the two forming sheets of the forming structure so as to form a central layer, the two forming sheets defining the shape of the central layer by forming the hardenable or crosslinkable material between the two forming sheets.
[ description of the drawings ]
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, which is provided as a non-limiting example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a forming structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial side view of the forming structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a composite part including the forming structure of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is another partial side view of the forming structure of FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 5 is a partial side view of a forming structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial side view of a forming structure according to another embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 7 is a partial side view of a forming structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Fig. 1 to 4 illustrate a forming structure 1. The forming structure 1 mainly comprises a forming
The two formed
A
In this example, each even peak 18 is secured to the
In this example, the
The attachment of the
Any other attachment means suitable for the application may also be considered.
In a variant, provision is made for: some of the
Preferably, as in the case of the embodiment of fig. 1 to 4, the even 18 and odd 20 peaks are regularly distributed in the direction D1.
Between the two
The
The forming structure 1 may be configured to allow the manufacture of a composite part 3, as shown in fig. 3. "composite part" 3 refers to a part made of a composite material comprising the structure 1 and at least one additional material. The component 3 consists, for example, according to the materials used:
-a barrier for thermal or acoustic insulation;
-a plaque;
-a shock-absorbing pad;
-a structural reinforcement plate;
-all or part of prefabricated elements, partitions, walls, floors, etc.
Depending on the materials used, the component 3 may be adapted to the construction of a building or any other fixed structure or infrastructure, such as a bridge or platform, or to be incorporated into a moving object, such as a flying, land-based or marine vehicle, or furniture.
Alternatively, the forming structure 1 may be used alone, that is, not combined with another material in the form shown in, for example, fig. 1. By "used alone" is meant in particular that no material is added between the
In the present example, the composite component 3 of fig. 3 comprises the forming structure 1 of fig. 1 and 2.
The component 3 comprises a
The composite part 3 advantageously comprises two
In a variant, the composite part 3 is stripped of the outer layers, leaving the outer faces 34 and 36 empty. Alternatively, the composite part 3 comprises only the
The number of
As illustrated in fig. 4, the structure 1 preferably comprises a closing
Thus, in a variant,
Preferably, the structure 1 has a rectangular general shape so as to define four edges, two of which are closed according to fig. 4 or according to any other means, and one of which is open, so that the structure 1 forms a shaped pouch, the open edges of which make it possible to insert the hardenable material in the non-hardened state into an inner space of the structure 1, which is defined between the
As illustrated in fig. 2, a peak-to-peak length l1 is defined, measured parallel to the direction D1 between two
Preferably, there is provided: the value of length l1 is between 1.0 and 1.5 times the value of length l2 for all
Regardless of the length ratio chosen, the fastening of the
In the embodiment of fig. 1-4, lengths l1 and l3 are equal, and lengths l2 and l4 are equal.
In the forming
In the shaped
In the forming structure 301 of the embodiment of fig. 7, the lengths l2 are equal to each other, while the length l1 has a different value. Likewise, the lengths l3 are equal, while the length l4 has a different value. Some
In variations, other ratios between lengths l1 and l2 may be employed based on the application in order to tailor the area of
Preferably, regardless of the embodiment considered, each forming sheet preferably comprises one or more layers of nonwoven material and/or one or several films. Between the nonwoven layers, a glass web, i.e. a nonwoven surface material comprising glass fibers bonded to each other, may be provided. The joining may be performed chemically, for example using glue. In particular, the glass fibers are short fibers.
The glass web makes it possible to make the formed sheet advantageously with pore sizes that make the formed sheet permeable to certain gases, vapors and certain volatile solvents and impermeable to certain liquids and solids. More particularly, the pore size can allow hardening or drying of the hardenable material introduced into the forming structure between the forming sheets. Although glass mesh is preferred, any other layer of nonwoven material that makes it possible to obtain such characteristics may be used, depending on the application in question.
However, it is possible to provide: at least one of the formed sheets is impermeable to certain gases, particularly air or helium, particularly where the formed structure is used for air circulation or inflation.
As a non-woven layer, the aforementioned heat sensitive material may also be provided to allow the shaping layer to be attached to the spacer layer by welding.
It is also possible to provide a film made of a thermoplastic or thermosetting material.
For each forming sheet, two or more different layers of nonwoven material may be provided, such as a layer of glass mesh as described above and a layer of heat sensitive material as described above.
In a variant, only one of the two formed sheets comprises one of the layers of nonwoven material as described above, while the other formed sheet does not.
In another embodiment, at least one of the forming sheets comprises a layer of fabric, optionally coated, in order to obtain porosity as described above. The presence of a fabric may be used to impart mechanical reinforcement to the formed sheet in question.
Preferably, as in the example illustrated in fig. 1 to 4, the
The aforementioned grid comprises a set of straight lines arranged with respect to each other while regularly repeating a predetermined basic pattern in the plane of the grid.
In one embodiment, the pattern comprises lines crossing each other at an angle between 45 ° and 90 ° (typically 90 °). Thus, the lines form longitudinal lines and transverse lines, the transverse lines being oriented at the aforementioned angles with respect to the longitudinal lines. It is preferred to orient the transverse line along a direction D2 parallel to plane P1 and perpendicular to direction D1, i.e. the longitudinal line is oriented along the above-mentioned angle with respect to the transverse line. There may be provided: the transverse line is oriented obliquely with respect to direction D2. Thus, in this embodiment, the pattern of the grid comprises quadrilaterals, such as parallelograms, rectangles, squares, or diamonds. The quadrilateral may be completed by a diagonal formed by the diagonals of the grid, preferably by two diagonals thereof. As an example, the pattern may also comprise diamonds which are completed by one of its diagonal lines or by both of its diagonal lines. In other words, the entire grid is obtained by regularly repeating the above-described pattern in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the grid. Thus, the different lines making up the mesh are positioned relative to each other following a predetermined geometric shape, in view of the relative orientation and relative spacing in the plane of the mesh.
To form the spacer, a superposition of several meshes may be provided in order to obtain greater mechanical strength.
Preferably and by way of non-limiting example, the constituent wires of the grid may comprise wires made of glass, aramid, carbon, polyamide, cellulose material, metal of the copper or steel type or a mixture of several of these materials. Other types of materials are contemplated. Within the same grid, lines made of different respective materials and having different respective titers may be mixed. Preferably a material compatible with the material used for the core layer and in particular withstanding the alkalinity or any acidity of the material of the core layer.
Preferably, the transverse wires of the grid are interwoven with all or some of the longitudinal wires. Thus, some of the threads act as weft yarns, while other threads act as warp yarns. In a variant, the lines are not interwoven, but are overlapping, being distributed in at least two overlapping layers. In a preferred embodiment, the grid is formed by a network of intersecting or overlapping non-woven threads comprising at least two layers of longitudinal threads, between which at least one layer of transverse threads is interposed. However, the number of layers and their distribution in the grid thickness may be adapted to the scene.
Depending on the material of the wires, the wires are glued or welded to each other at their intersections or crossings. For gluing, an adhesive is advantageously provided which produces a series of glue sites at the intersections of the wire network. Any adhesive or glue, in particular any thermoplastic adhesive or glue, commonly used in the technical field in question at this point can be used. Without limitation, the connection of the wire mesh forming the textile grid according to the invention may be formed, for example, from synthetic latex (e.g. SBR), PVAC, plastisol, PVC, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), conventional hot melt impregnation, polyurethane adhesives or acrylic adhesives. This material may be used to provide a coating of the grid that can allow or at least assist in the gluing of the wires at their intersections.
Without limitation, the grid may include a density of longitudinal lines between 0.25 lines per centimeter to 5 lines per centimeter, and for transverse lines, the grid may include a density of between 0.25 lines per centimeter to 5 lines per centimeter. Preferably, 0.5 to 2 threads per centimeter are provided.
The number of lines per centimeter determines the nominal size of the macropores. Thus, a line of 0.5 per centimeter corresponds to a nominal macropore size of about 20mm or slightly less, depending on the titer of the gridlines. A nominal macro-pore size of about 5mm per
A different machine direction linear density than the cross direction linear density may be provided. In this case, the size of the macropores is calculated from the average of the two linear density values.
Advantageously, the weight of the grid is between 5g/m2 and 300g/m2, preferably between 100g/m2 and 200g/
Alternatively or additionally, the spacer sheet comprises a fabric sufficiently loose to form the macro-apertures or a layer of nonwoven material provided with through-going apertures forming the macro-apertures. In general, the spacer may be formed of one or several layers of any material as long as the large pores are formed as described above.
The
There may also be provided: at least one of the shaped sheets comprises a mesh. This makes it possible to give structural reinforcement to the formed sheet, in particular with the additional use of a nonwoven layer. Thus, the self-supporting properties of the structure 1 are advantageously improved.
As illustrated in fig. 3, the center layer is formed of a hardenable material. "hardenable material" refers to a material that is capable of developing from a non-hardened state to a hardened state. In the non-hardened state, the hardenable material is liquid or sufficiently soft to be introduced between the two shaped sheets, in particular by pouring or injection. In the non-hardened state, the hardenable material is adapted to be distributed between the two shaped sheets, in particular under the action of gravity, vibration and/or pressure, to occupy at least a major part of the space arranged between the two shaped sheets. The hardenable material in its unhardened state then takes the form of shaped sheets, that is to say it is shaped, formed or formed from these sheets.
The hardenable material in the hardened state may be selected to be solid and hard, thereby imparting mechanical strength properties to the composite part. Alternatively or additionally, the material may be selected such that it imparts thermal or acoustic insulation properties to the composite component in the hardened state, for which properties the material must be solid or stiff. The hardenable material is changed from a non-hardened state to a hardened state by drying or by means of a chemical reaction or any other means. "non-hardened state" includes any state in which the material in question is in a hardening process.
The hardenable material of the central layer is selected to pass through the spacer layer in the unhardened state by means of large holes, instead of through the formed sheet, or only very rarely through the formed sheet. However, the pore size of the spacer layer is preferably selected to allow the material of the central layer to dry or more generally to transition to a hardened state. By way of example, the material of the intermediate layer may be a thermoplastic, a thermosetting material or concrete.
Instead of the aforementioned "hardenable" material, a crosslinkable material can be provided which changes between a non-crosslinked state and a crosslinked state in a manner corresponding to the aforementioned non-hardened state and hardened state, the considerations with respect to the hardenable material, its non-hardened state and its hardened state plus necessary modifications being applicable to the crosslinkable material in the non-crosslinked state and the crosslinked state.
As a hardenable or crosslinkable material, it is preferred to provide a material that adopts a foamed structure, i.e. forms a foam, when in a hardened or crosslinked state. This makes it possible in particular to obtain the aforementioned thermal or acoustic insulation properties. Depending on the desired application, the foaming material is for example polyetherimide (with foaming solvent of the acetone type), polyurethane (with foaming agent of the dichloromethane and carbon dioxide type) or foamed concrete (with foaming agent of the protein or synthetase base). The shaped structure advantageously acts as a foam former for in situ foaming of the hardenable or crosslinkable material.
"foamed concrete" means in particular mineral foams, that is to say, preferably cement-based materials, optionally sand and lime, and having an aerated structure. The density of the foamed concrete is, for example, from 40kg/m3 to 300kg/m3, for example 100kg/m 3. Advantageously, the foamed concrete is free of fibres and plastic material.
Depending on the desired foaming, aeration or foaming of the structure is obtained using a foaming agent as previously described or other types of agents. The foamed concrete may advantageously be subjected to an autoclaving step during its manufacture.
The foamed concrete advantageously has thermal and acoustic insulation properties useful for construction or building renovation. For example, foamed concrete makes it possible to obtain, by itself, thermal insulation coefficients ranging from 0.035W/(m.k) to 0.10W/(m.k) (for example 0.040W/(m.k)). The foamed concrete is advantageously non-combustible and non-putrescible.
Depending on the application, there may be provided: air and/or a specific gas are contained in the bubbles formed by the foamed concrete.
Preferably, each outer layer or at least one of them is also formed of a hardenable or crosslinkable material. However, it is possible to provide one of the outer layers with a different type of material, i.e. a material which does not have hardenable or crosslinkable properties. The non-hardenable material may be, for example, a wood board, an aluminum board. A preformed outer layer may be provided which may or may not include a hardenable or crosslinkable material. The preformed outer layer may be formed from a hardenable or crosslinkable material that has been hardened or crosslinked, respectively.
Advantageously, the material of the central layer is different from the material selected for the outer layers. If there are two outer layers, their respective materials may be different.
For example, "different" materials are meant to include materials of different composition or different proportions, defining different structures, or different densities. As an example, the hardenable material of the center layer has a polyetherimide substrate and the hardenable material of the outer layers has a polyurethane substrate, or vice versa. According to another example, the hardenable material of the central layer has a thermoplastic base and the hardenable material of the outer layers has a thermosetting base, or vice versa. According to another example, the hardenable material of the central layer has a base of concrete and the hardenable material of the outer layers has a plaster base, or vice versa. According to another example, the hardenable material of the central layer is heavy concrete and the hardenable material of the outer layers is fibrous concrete, or vice versa.
However, it is possible to provide: two, if not all, of the layers in the center and outer layers are formed of the same material (i.e., no different material according to the above definition).
Regardless of its embodiment, the shaped structure makes it possible to implement the process for manufacturing a composite material as defined previously.
In order to manufacture the component 3 illustrated in fig. 3, a step a) is carried out of introducing a hardenable or crosslinkable material in a non-hardened or non-crosslinked state between the two
The production of the component 3 of fig. 3 also comprises a step b) of introducing another hardenable or crosslinkable material in a non-hardened or non-crosslinked state against the
Instead, step b) may be performed before step a) while the material of
In a variant, the aforementioned step b) is carried out after step a) while the material of the
In a variant, it is possible to provide: the
The flexible nature of the formed sheet allows for the creation of composite parts that are not necessarily shaped as illustrated in fig. 3. In practice, it is possible, for example, to give
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