阅读说明：本技术 一种设施草莓用微生物菌肥及其制备方法 (Microbial fertilizer for facility strawberries and preparation method thereof ) 是由 鲁工直 于 2018-07-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种设施草莓用微生物菌肥及其制备方法,属于肥料技术领域。该微生物菌肥采用以下重量份数的原料：鸡粪15-25份、鱼粪10-20份、蟹壳粉8-12份、糠秕7-9份、枫香脂5-10份、木薯渣6-8份、樟木叶10-12份、腐殖酸2-5份、玉米淀粉渣5-7份、海绿石粉4-6份、豆渣9-17份、氨基酸1-3份、复合菌剂0.8-1.2份、蒙脱土1.4-1.6份、甘油1.3-1.5份、稻草5-10份、60％氯化钠溶液10-15份、去离子水15-25份。施用本发明微生物菌肥后,草莓亩产量可达2670-3860kg/亩,同时草莓枯萎病的发病率低于2.4％,根腐病的发病率低于2.1％、白粉病的发病率低于3.4％。(The invention discloses a microbial fertilizer for facility strawberries and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The microbial fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of fish manure, 8-12 parts of crab shell powder, 7-9 parts of pityros, 5-10 parts of sweetgum resin, 6-8 parts of cassava residue, 10-12 parts of camphorwood leaves, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 5-7 parts of corn starch residue, 4-6 parts of glauconite powder, 9-17 parts of bean residue, 1-3 parts of amino acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 1.4-1.6 parts of montmorillonite, 1.3-1.5 parts of glycerol, 5-10 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of 60% sodium chloride solution and 15-25 parts of deionized water. After the microbial fertilizer is applied, the acre yield of the strawberries can reach 2670-3860 kg/acre, meanwhile, the morbidity of strawberry blight is lower than 2.4%, the morbidity of root rot is lower than 2.1%, and the morbidity of powdery mildew is lower than 3.4%.)

1. The microbial fertilizer for facility strawberries is characterized in that: the raw materials with the following parts by weight are adopted: 15-25 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of fish manure, 8-12 parts of crab shell powder, 7-9 parts of pityros, 5-10 parts of sweetgum resin, 6-8 parts of cassava residue, 10-12 parts of camphorwood leaves, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 5-7 parts of corn starch residue, 4-6 parts of glauconite powder, 9-17 parts of bean residue, 1-3 parts of amino acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 1.4-1.6 parts of montmorillonite, 1.3-1.5 parts of glycerol, 5-10 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of 60% sodium chloride solution and 15-25 parts of deionized water.

2. The microbial fertilizer for strawberry facility of claim 1, wherein: the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, hardening-resistant bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus in a number ratio of 2.0-4.0 multiplied by 10 ⁹CFU︰3.5-4.5×10 ⁹CFU︰1.5-2.5×10 ⁹CFU︰2.5-3.5×10 ⁹CFU︰1.0-2.0×10 ⁹And (5) CFU mixing.

3. The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer for facility strawberries as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:

(1) pretreatment of raw materials: mixing the cassava residue and the bean dregs, soaking in 10-20 ℃ distilled water for 30-60min, then transferring into a filter sieve for filtering to remove water, collecting the obtained filter residue, transferring into a freeze dryer with the temperature of minus 40-60 ℃ for drying until the water content is below 2%, and then transferring the obtained dry filter residue into a ventilation cabinet in a sealed manner for standby; mixing straw and chaff in an oven, baking at 80-120 deg.C for 10-20min, pulverizing in a pulverizer, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and collecting the obtained mixed powder; slicing resina Liquidambaris into slices with thickness of 2-5mm and area less than 3cm ²After slicing, putting the slices into hot water which is 2-4 times of the weight of the sweetgum resin and has the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for heating to boil, then filtering, respectively collecting obtained filtrate and filter residues, then putting the filter residues into a drying box with the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for drying until the moisture content is below 5%, crushing the filter residues after completion, sieving the filter residues through a 80-mesh sieve, and collecting obtained filter residue powder;

(2) activation homogenization: mixing montmorillonite and glauconite powder, placing the mixture under infrared ray for high-temperature activation treatment for 15-35min, transferring the mixture into a kneader after the treatment is finished, adding the dry filter residue and the filter residue powder obtained in the step (1) for kneading for 5-10min, placing the obtained homogenized material into a homogenizer after the treatment is finished, adding the filtrate obtained in the step (1), glycerol and deionized water, homogenizing the mixture for 90-120s under the pressure of 40-50MPa, and collecting the obtained homogenized material for later use;

(3) fermenting step by step: uniformly mixing camphor wood leaves, chicken manure and corn starch residues, spraying water until the water content is 30-40%, stacking in a fermentation chamber, covering a layer of mulching film on the surface of the stack to seal the stack for fermentation, removing the mulching film when the temperature in the fermentation stack reaches 50-70 ℃, turning over the mulching film once until the temperature in the stack reaches 80-90 ℃, stopping fermentation, and collecting the obtained fermentation product for later use; spraying water into fish manure, stirring until the humidity reaches 60-80%, placing the fish manure into a mixer, mixing the fish manure with crab shell powder, humic acid and the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 10-20min, immediately transferring the fish manure into a fermentation chamber after mixing, heating to 40-60 ℃, starting fermentation for 30-50h, then increasing the temperature in the fermentation chamber to 90-100 ℃ and maintaining for 4-6h, stopping fermentation after completion, transferring the obtained fermentation material into a fermentation tank, then adding the fermentation product obtained in the step and glycerol, mixing and fermenting for 3-4h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, then cooling to 30-40 ℃, adding amino acid and a compound microbial inoculum into the fermentation tank for fermentation, adjusting the maximum temperature in the fermentation tank to be lower than 75-95 ℃ until fermentation is completed, collecting the obtained fermentation product, placing the fermentation product into a dryer at the temperature of 45-55 ℃, drying until the water content is lower than 3%, and (4) after drying, transferring the mixture into a grinder for grinding, sieving the mixture by a 40-mesh sieve, and collecting the obtained powder product, namely the microbial fertilizer for the facility strawberry.

4. The method for preparing the microbial fertilizer for facility strawberries as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature for performing the high-temperature activation treatment in the step (2) is 200-300 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a microbial fertilizer for facility strawberries and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Strawberry, perennial herbaceous plant. The height is 10-40 cm, the stem is lower than the leaf or nearly equal, the thick quilt is developed with yellow and soft hair, the flowering phase is 4-5 months, and the fruit phase is 6-7 months. The strawberry cultivation in China is many in variety, and the number of the strawberry cultivation is 20000 in all, but the excellent variety cultivated in a large area is only dozens. 200-300 new varieties which are self-cultivated in China and introduced from abroad, and as for strawberry cultivation, research is carried out in 1915 in China, and after the development reaches the middle and later period of the 80 th in the 20 th century, strawberry facility cultivation begins to appear and is developed more quickly. On the basis of rapid development of current scientific and technological technology and continuously increased market demand, the production scale of strawberries is continuously enlarged, the socialization degree is also continuously promoted, the planting technology is gradually developed towards complexity, production cooperation in all aspects is gradually wide, implementation of large-scale and standardized production in the current strawberry planting process becomes an important means, and meanwhile, important technical guarantee that the production of strawberries is high in quality, safe and efficient is achieved. The appearance of facility strawberries enables the modern production of strawberries to achieve very ideal effects, and the manual adjustment of the production of strawberries can be realized. The current cultivation modes selected by strawberry facility cultivation mainly comprise sunlight greenhouse forcing cultivation, plastic greenhouse semi-forcing cultivation and the like. The growth of the strawberries in the planting process needs a large amount of nutrition, the types of fertilizers in the current market are more, the functions are single, and therefore different and multiple fertilizers need to be applied in different stages, so that the labor force is increased, the strawberries can grow well due to the application of the fertilizers, and meanwhile, potential hazards are also large. The microbial fertilizer is a novel fertilizer biological product which leads crops to obtain required nutrients (fertilizer) by the life activities of active (reproducible) microorganisms, contains more than ten high-efficiency active beneficial microbial bacteria, is suitable for various crops, can activate nutrients and improve the nutrient utilization rate, but has single nutrient, short shelf life, is easily influenced by environmental factors and has poor yield-increasing effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the microbial fertilizer for the facility strawberries and the preparation method thereof, wherein the microbial fertilizer effectively combines organic matters, mineral substances and bacterial nutrients required by the growth of the strawberries through the working procedures of pretreatment, activation homogenization, stepwise fermentation and the like, improves the use value of the microbial fertilizer, and achieves the effects of increasing the production and income and optimizing the soil.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a microbial fertilizer for facility strawberries is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of fish manure, 8-12 parts of crab shell powder, 7-9 parts of pityros, 5-10 parts of sweetgum resin, 6-8 parts of cassava residue, 10-12 parts of camphorwood leaves, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 5-7 parts of corn starch residue, 4-6 parts of glauconite powder, 9-17 parts of bean residue, 1-3 parts of amino acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 1.4-1.6 parts of montmorillonite, 1.3-1.5 parts of glycerol, 5-10 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of 60% sodium chloride solution and 15-25 parts of deionized water.

The composite microbial inoculum is prepared from azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, hardening-resistant bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus in a number ratio of 2.0-4.0 multiplied by 10 ⁹CFU︰3.5-4.5×10 ⁹CFU︰1.5-2.5×10 ⁹CFU︰2.5-3.5×10 ⁹CFU︰1.0-2.0×10 ⁹And (5) CFU mixing.

The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of raw materials: mixing the cassava residue and the bean dregs, soaking in 10-20 ℃ distilled water for 30-60min, then transferring into a filter sieve for filtering to remove water, collecting the obtained filter residue, transferring into a freeze dryer with the temperature of minus 40-60 ℃ for drying until the water content is below 2%, and then transferring the obtained dry filter residue into a ventilation cabinet in a sealed manner for standby; mixing straw and chaff in an oven, baking at 80-120 deg.C for 10-20min, pulverizing in a pulverizer, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and collecting the obtained mixed powder; slicing resina Liquidambaris into slices with thickness of 2-5mm and area less than 3cm ²After slicing, putting the slices into hot water which is 2-4 times of the weight of the sweetgum resin and has the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for heating to boil, then filtering, respectively collecting obtained filtrate and filter residues, then putting the filter residues into a drying box with the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for drying until the moisture content is below 5%, crushing the filter residues after completion, sieving the filter residues through a 80-mesh sieve, and collecting obtained filter residue powder;

(2) activation homogenization: mixing montmorillonite and glauconite powder, placing the mixture under infrared ray for high-temperature activation treatment for 15-35min, transferring the mixture into a kneader after the treatment is finished, adding the dry filter residue and the filter residue powder obtained in the step (1) for kneading for 5-10min, placing the obtained homogenized material into a homogenizer after the treatment is finished, adding the filtrate obtained in the step (1), glycerol and deionized water, homogenizing the mixture for 90-120s under the pressure of 40-50MPa, and collecting the obtained homogenized material for later use;

(3) fermenting step by step: uniformly mixing camphor wood leaves, chicken manure and corn starch residues, spraying water until the water content is 30-40%, stacking in a fermentation chamber, covering a layer of mulching film on the surface of the stack to seal the stack for fermentation, removing the mulching film when the temperature in the fermentation stack reaches 50-70 ℃, turning over the mulching film once until the temperature in the stack reaches 80-90 ℃, stopping fermentation, and collecting the obtained fermentation product for later use; spraying water into fish manure, stirring until the humidity reaches 60-80%, placing the fish manure into a mixer, mixing the fish manure with crab shell powder, humic acid and the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 10-20min, immediately transferring the fish manure into a fermentation chamber after mixing, heating to 40-60 ℃, starting fermentation for 30-50h, then increasing the temperature in the fermentation chamber to 90-100 ℃ and maintaining for 4-6h, stopping fermentation after completion, transferring the obtained fermentation material into a fermentation tank, then adding the fermentation product obtained in the step and glycerol, mixing and fermenting for 3-4h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, then cooling to 30-40 ℃, adding amino acid and a compound microbial inoculum into the fermentation tank for fermentation, adjusting the maximum temperature in the fermentation tank to be lower than 75-95 ℃ until fermentation is completed, collecting the obtained fermentation product, placing the fermentation product into a dryer at the temperature of 45-55 ℃, drying until the water content is lower than 3%, and (4) after drying, transferring the mixture into a grinder for grinding, sieving the mixture by a 40-mesh sieve, and collecting the obtained powder product, namely the microbial fertilizer for the facility strawberry.

The temperature for performing the high-temperature activation treatment in the step (2) is 200-300 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) after the microbial fertilizer is subjected to pretreatment, activation homogenization, stepwise fermentation and other processes, the microbial fertilizer contains a large amount of fungi and other organic nutrient components, can greatly improve the content of medium trace elements in soil, reduces the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other medium trace elements, contains various efficient and active beneficial microbial bacteria, increases soil organic matters, accelerates the degradation of the organic matters to convert the organic matters into nutrient substances capable of being absorbed by crops, develops the root system of the strawberry, enhances the absorption capacity and improves the immunity and the resistance of the strawberry.

(2) The microbial fertilizer can effectively inhibit fungi and nematodes in soil and plant root diseases and insect pests, fundamentally reduces the usage amount of pesticides, has the effects of improving the soil activation property, preventing soil hardening and improving the soil fertility, water retention and cold resistance, and can achieve 2670 + 3860 kg/mu of strawberry acre yield after application, meanwhile, the strawberry blight morbidity is lower than 2.4%, the root rot morbidity is lower than 2.1%, and the powdery mildew morbidity is lower than 3.4%.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of examples.