Embedded online monitoring system and method for porcelain insulator body
阅读说明：本技术 一种瓷绝缘子本体嵌入式在线监测系统及方法 (Embedded online monitoring system and method for porcelain insulator body ) 是由 万勋 李昂 叶会生 赵世华 李佑坚 陈鑫 肖泽宇 于 2019-11-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种瓷绝缘子本体嵌入式在线监测系统及方法,其中系统包括第一供电模块、微波发射模块、发射天线、接收天线、微波检波模块、处理器、通信模块及第二供电模块；第一供电模块、微波发射模块、发射天线依次电连接,且均设置于瓷绝缘子的钢脚的空腔内；接收天线、微波检波模块、处理器及通信模块依次电连接,第二供电模块与处理器电连接；接收天线、微波检波模块、处理器及第二供电模块均设置于瓷绝缘子的铁帽内,通信模块设置于铁帽的表面。该方案能实现对瓷绝缘子无损、无接触、无需断电的微波近场透射检测,能及时获取在役瓷绝缘子的实时状态,检测灵敏度高、安全性好,特别适用于变电站及输电线路上的瓷绝缘子检测。(The invention discloses an embedded online monitoring system and method for a porcelain insulator body, wherein the system comprises a first power supply module, a microwave transmitting module, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a microwave detection module, a processor, a communication module and a second power supply module; the first power supply module, the microwave transmitting module and the transmitting antenna are electrically connected in sequence and are all arranged in a cavity of a steel pin of the porcelain insulator; the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the communication module are electrically connected in sequence, and the second power supply module is electrically connected with the processor; the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the second power supply module are all arranged in an iron cap of the porcelain insulator, and the communication module is arranged on the surface of the iron cap. The scheme can realize microwave near-field transmission detection without damage, contact and power failure on the porcelain insulator, can timely acquire the real-time state of the porcelain insulator in service, has high detection sensitivity and good safety, and is particularly suitable for detecting the porcelain insulator on a transformer substation and a power transmission line.)
1. An embedded online monitoring system of a porcelain insulator body is characterized by comprising a first power supply module, a microwave transmitting module, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a microwave detection module, a processor, a communication module and a second power supply module;
the first power supply module, the microwave transmitting module and the transmitting antenna are electrically connected in sequence and are all arranged in a cavity of a steel pin of the porcelain insulator;
the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the communication module are electrically connected in sequence, and the second power supply module is electrically connected with the processor; the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the second power supply module are all arranged in an iron cap of the porcelain insulator, and the communication module is arranged on the surface of the iron cap;
the central axes of the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator are coaxial.
2. The embedded online monitoring system of porcelain insulator body of claim 1, wherein the first power supply module and the second power supply module are both high-voltage induction power-taking devices.
3. The embedded online monitoring system of porcelain insulator body of claim 1, wherein the microwave emission module and the microwave detection module are both resonant cavities.
4. The embedded online monitoring system of porcelain insulator body of claim 1, wherein the front end of the transmitting antenna is spaced from the porcelain by [0.9 λ, 1.1 λ ], where λ is the wavelength of the microwave emitted by the microwave emitting module.
5. The embedded online monitoring system of porcelain insulator body of claim 1, wherein a dielectric lens is disposed at a front end of the transmitting antenna.
6. The embedded online monitoring system of porcelain insulator body of claim 1, wherein the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are pyramidal horn antennas; the sizes of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna meet the following requirements:
wherein L is HAnd L EThe length from the intersection point of the opening angle extension lines of the H surface and the E surface of the pyramid horn antenna to the opening surface, a hAnd b hThe lengths of two sides of the open end of the H surface and the E surface of the pyramid horn antenna are shown, and a and b are the lengths of two sides of the other end of the H surface and the E surface of the pyramid horn antenna.
7. The embedded online monitoring system of porcelain insulator body of claim 1, wherein the communication module is a conformal antenna.
8. The embedded online monitoring system for the porcelain insulator body according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a computer, wherein the computer is used for receiving the data signal sent by the communication module and judging the deterioration condition of the porcelain insulator based on the received data signal.
9. The embedded online monitoring method for the porcelain insulator body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the microwave transmitting component transmits microwaves to the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator; the microwave transmitting assembly comprises a first power supply module, a microwave transmitting module and a transmitting antenna which are electrically connected in sequence, and the first power supply module, the microwave transmitting module and the transmitting antenna are all arranged in a cavity of a steel pin of the porcelain insulator;
the microwave receiving component receives the microwaves passing through the porcelain piece, converts the received microwaves into data signals and sends the data signals to the computer; the microwave receiving assembly comprises a receiving antenna, a microwave detection module, a processor and a communication module which are electrically connected in sequence, and the processor is also electrically connected with a second power supply module; the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the second power supply module are all arranged in an iron cap of the porcelain insulator, and the communication module is arranged on the surface of the iron cap;
the central axes of the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator are coaxial.
10. The embedded online monitoring method for the porcelain insulator body according to claim 9, wherein a porcelain insulator degradation analysis module is built in the computer, and the porcelain insulator degradation analysis module executes the following processes:
converting a data signal sent by a conformal antenna received by a computer into a transmission parameter oscillogram;
in the frequency interval [27.8GHz, 28.6GHz]Making straight lines perpendicular to the abscissa every 0.01GHz, respectively recording intersection point transmission parameter values of the straight lines and the normal porcelain insulator transmission parameter curves and the porcelain insulator transmission parameter curves to be detected, and respectively recording the intersection point transmission parameter values as S 2,1 is、S 2,1 measurement；
By the formula
By the formula Will be different value
then by the formula
finally by the formula
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformer substation and power transmission line insulator detection, in particular to a porcelain insulator body embedded type online monitoring system and method.
Background
The porcelain insulator is an important insulating and supporting element widely applied to transformer substations and power transmission lines, and the suspension porcelain insulator is formed by cementing porcelain pieces, iron caps and steel feet by using a Portland cement and quartz sand adhesive which is not less than 525.
The insulator is an important insulation control part, and can fix wires of power plants, substations and high-voltage transmission lines without separating, and meanwhile, the insulator is also an element with multiple faults. The service life of the porcelain insulator is generally 20 to 30 years, but the insulator is hung on a high-voltage wire connecting tower for a long time in the using process and is influenced by weather and environmental factors such as strong sunlight, ultraviolet rays, strong wind, acid rain, ice coating, haze, dust and dirt, various chemical and physical reactions occur on the surface and the inner substances and structures of the insulator to reduce the insulation strength, and deterioration conditions such as low value, zero value and the like are gradually generated, so that the insulator string can be possibly subjected to pollution flashover or burst and break, and the serious threat is formed on the safe and stable operation of a power system.
In an environment with high humidity, the internal defects of the deteriorated porcelain insulator may be affected with moisture. Meanwhile, the electric field distortion is generated at the internal defect, and partial discharge can be caused. The electronic collapse and the electronic pulse caused by the partial discharge damage the chemical structure of the porcelain insulator material, so that the material is carbonized, the local resistance of a fault area is greatly reduced, and the insulation defect is generated.
Researchers at home and abroad propose various porcelain insulator degradation detection methods, including a spark gap method, a voltage distribution method, a leakage current method, an infrared imaging method, an ultraviolet imaging method, an insulation resistance method, an ultrasonic method and the like. However, in practical application of the power grid, the field detection of the state of the insulator is mainly based on a spark gap method. The spark gap method requires that an electric worker climbs a telegraph pole to perform detection piece by piece under the condition of power failure, has high working strength, low detection efficiency and poor safety, and is easy to cause false detection and missed detection, so an efficient and safe method is urgently needed to replace or supplement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an embedded online monitoring system and method for a porcelain insulator body, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, on-site detection of the state of a porcelain insulator requires power failure, the detection efficiency is low, and potential safety hazards exist.
The invention provides an embedded online monitoring system of a porcelain insulator body, which comprises a first power supply module, a microwave transmitting module, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a microwave detection module, a processor, a communication module and a second power supply module, wherein the first power supply module is used for supplying power to the porcelain insulator body;
the first power supply module, the microwave transmitting module and the transmitting antenna are electrically connected in sequence and are all arranged in a cavity of a steel pin of the porcelain insulator;
the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the communication module are electrically connected in sequence, and the second power supply module is electrically connected with the processor; the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the second power supply module are all arranged in an iron cap of the porcelain insulator, and the communication module is arranged on the surface of the iron cap;
the central axes of the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator are coaxial.
According to the scheme, a microwave near-field detection scheme is adopted, when the microwave propagates in the porcelain insulator and meets the defect, the dielectric constant of the defect is different from the dielectric constant under the normal condition, the difference enables the amplitude and the phase of the transmission parameter of the microwave to be changed, and the deterioration condition of the porcelain insulator can be analyzed and judged according to the change of the received parameter of the microwave. The near-field electromagnetic field intensity is larger, so that the detection of fine defects and deterioration conditions of the porcelain insulator is facilitated, and the defects of millimeter-scale near-field electromagnetic field by utilizing microwaves can be obviously reflected, wherein the near-field electromagnetic field is an area within three wavelengths corresponding to the central frequency of the transmitting antenna; the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna do not need to be in contact with a porcelain piece of a porcelain insulator to be detected, meanwhile, the power supply is supplied to the system through the first power supply module and the second power supply module, so that microwave near-field transmission detection without damage, contact and power failure on the porcelain insulator can be achieved, the real-time state of the porcelain insulator in service can be timely acquired, the detection sensitivity is high, the safety is good, and the porcelain insulator detection device is particularly suitable for detecting the porcelain insulators on transformer substations and power transmission lines.
Furthermore, the first power supply module and the second power supply module are both high-voltage induction power-taking devices.
The high-voltage induction electricity-taking device is a novel induction electricity-taking device which obtains electric energy by utilizing electromagnetic energy induced around a high-voltage power transmission line. The high-voltage induction electricity taking device can convert electromagnetic energy around the transmission conductor into electric energy, provide a stable power supply for electrical equipment arranged nearby, and ensure long-term stable power supply of a load.
In some embodiments, the first power supply module and the second power supply module can also be powered by a storage battery or solar energy, but the storage battery has the disadvantages of short service life and inconvenient replacement; the solar power supply has the defects that the energy conversion efficiency is low, and the solar power supply is easily restricted by weather conditions, so that the power supply of the existing equipment on the high-voltage side is difficult, and a high-voltage induction power taking device is preferably selected.
Furthermore, the microwave transmitting module and the microwave detecting module are both resonant cavities. When the microwave is transmitted, the first power supply module directly feeds power to the resonant cavity, and the resonant cavity transmits a microwave signal with milliwatt level power and 28.2 +/-0.4 GHz frequency to the transmitting antenna for scanning detection.
Further, the distance between the front end of the transmitting antenna and the porcelain piece is [0.9 lambda, 1.1 lambda ], wherein lambda is the wavelength of the microwave transmitted by the microwave transmitting module, so that the near-field vertical polarization transmission of the microwave can be realized.
Further, a dielectric lens is arranged at the front end of the transmitting antenna. The high gain of the transmitting antenna is ensured, the cross section of the microwave beam is narrow, and the resolution of the monitoring system is improved.
Furthermore, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both pyramidal horn antennas; the sizes of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna meet the following requirements:
wherein L is HAnd L EThe length from the intersection point of the opening angle extension lines of the H surface and the E surface of the pyramid horn antenna to the opening surface, a hAnd b hThe lengths of two sides of the open end of the H surface and the E surface of the pyramid horn antenna are shown, and a and b are the lengths of two sides of the other end of the H surface and the E surface of the pyramid horn antenna.
The pyramidal horn antenna meeting the requirements enables an E-plane sector and an H-plane sector (the E plane refers to a directional diagram tangent plane parallel to the direction of an electric field, and the H plane refers to a directional diagram tangent plane parallel to the direction of a magnetic field) to achieve the optimal sizes, so that the horn and the waveguide are matched in size at the neck, and the optimal effect of receiving electromagnetic waves can be achieved.
Further, the communication module is a conformal antenna.
Further, the computer is further included and is used for receiving the data signals sent by the communication module and judging the deterioration condition of the porcelain insulator based on the received data signals.
Specifically, the computer receives the data signal transmitted by the conformal antenna to obtain the transmission parameter (S) 2,1) And (4) waveform diagrams. In the frequency interval [27.8GHz, 28.6GHz]Making straight lines perpendicular to the abscissa every 0.01GHz, respectively recording transmission parameter values of intersection points of the straight lines and the normal porcelain insulator curve and the porcelain insulator curve to be detected, and respectively recording the transmission parameter values as S 2,1 is(dB)、S 2,1 measurement(dB); respectively calculating normal porcelain insulator and degraded porcelain insulator by formula (1)Difference between transmission parameters of sub-frequency points
The invention provides a porcelain insulator body embedded type online monitoring method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the microwave transmitting component transmits microwaves to the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator; the microwave transmitting assembly comprises a first power supply module, a microwave transmitting module and a transmitting antenna which are electrically connected in sequence, and the first power supply module, the microwave transmitting module and the transmitting antenna are all arranged in a cavity of a steel pin of the porcelain insulator;
the microwave receiving component receives the microwaves passing through the porcelain piece, converts the received microwaves into data signals and sends the data signals to the computer; the microwave receiving assembly comprises a receiving antenna, a microwave detection module, a processor and a communication module which are electrically connected in sequence, and the processor is also electrically connected with a second power supply module; the receiving antenna, the microwave detection module, the processor and the second power supply module are all arranged in an iron cap of the porcelain insulator, and the communication module is arranged on the surface of the iron cap;
the central axes of the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator are coaxial.
Further, a porcelain insulator degradation analysis module is arranged in the computer, and the porcelain insulator degradation analysis module executes the following processes:
converting a data signal sent by a conformal antenna received by a computer into a transmission parameter oscillogram;
in the frequency interval [27.8GHz, 28.6GHz]Making straight lines perpendicular to the abscissa every 0.01GHz, respectively recording intersection point transmission parameter values of the straight lines and the normal porcelain insulator transmission parameter curves and the porcelain insulator transmission parameter curves to be detected, and respectively recording the intersection point transmission parameter values as S 2,1 is、S 2,1 measurement；
By the formula
By the formula
then by the formula
finally by the formula
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a porcelain insulator body embedded online monitoring system and a method, wherein a microwave near-field detection scheme is adopted in the scheme, and the near-field electromagnetic field intensity is higher, so that the detection of fine defects and deterioration conditions of the porcelain insulator is facilitated, and the defects of millimeter level even if the near-field electromagnetic field of the microwave is utilized can be obviously reflected; the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna do not need to be in contact with a porcelain piece of a porcelain insulator to be detected, meanwhile, the power supply is supplied to the system through the first power supply module and the second power supply module, so that microwave near-field transmission detection without damage, contact and power failure on the porcelain insulator can be achieved, the real-time state of the porcelain insulator in service can be timely acquired, the detection sensitivity is high, the safety is good, and the porcelain insulator detection device is particularly suitable for detecting the porcelain insulators on transformer substations and power transmission lines.
Compared with the porcelain insulator with the normal same type, the deteriorated porcelain insulator has larger difference in dielectric constant, so that the transmission parameter is influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embedded online monitoring system for a porcelain insulator body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the design of the dimensions of a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a boundary plane of two mediums perpendicularly incident microwaves.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an embedded online monitoring system for a porcelain insulator body, which includes a first power supply module 21, a microwave transmitting module 22, a transmitting antenna 23, a receiving antenna 34, a microwave detecting module 33, a processor 32, a communication module 35, and a second power supply module 31;
the first power supply module 21, the microwave transmitting module 22 and the transmitting antenna 23 are electrically connected in sequence and are all arranged in the cavity 121 of the steel pin 12 of the porcelain insulator;
the receiving antenna 34, the microwave detection module 33, the processor 32 and the communication module 35 are electrically connected in sequence, and the second power supply module 31 is electrically connected with the processor 32; the receiving antenna 34, the microwave detection module 33, the processor 32 and the second power supply module 31 are all arranged in the iron cap 13 of the porcelain insulator, and the communication module 35 is arranged on the surface of the iron cap 13;
the transmitting antenna 23 and the receiving antenna 34 are respectively positioned on two sides of the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator, and the central axes of the transmitting antenna 23, the receiving antenna 34 and the porcelain piece 11 of the porcelain insulator are coaxial.
According to the scheme, a microwave near-field detection scheme is adopted, when the microwave propagates in the porcelain insulator and meets the defect, the dielectric constant of the defect is different from the dielectric constant under the normal condition, the difference enables the amplitude and the phase of the transmission parameter of the microwave to be changed, and the deterioration condition of the porcelain insulator can be analyzed and judged according to the change of the received parameter of the microwave. The near-field electromagnetic field intensity is larger, so that the detection of fine defects and deterioration conditions of the porcelain insulator is facilitated, and the defects of millimeter-scale near-field electromagnetic field by utilizing microwaves can be obviously reflected, wherein the near-field electromagnetic field is an area within three wavelengths corresponding to the central frequency of the transmitting antenna; transmitting antenna 23 and receiving antenna 34 need not to contact with the porcelain part 11 of the porcelain insulator that awaits measuring in this scheme, and simultaneously, this scheme is the system power supply through first power module 21 and second power module 31, so can realize not having the microwave near field transmission detection of contact, the outage of need not to the porcelain insulator to can in time acquire the real-time status at labour porcelain insulator, detectivity is high, the security is good, the porcelain insulator that specially adapted transformer substation and transmission line are detected.
In this embodiment, the processor 32 specifically implements analysis processing of the received signal, and may select a chip with a model of MT2625, and the first power supply module 21 and the second power supply module 31 are both high-voltage induction power-taking devices.
The high-voltage induction electricity-taking device is a novel induction electricity-taking device which obtains electric energy by utilizing electromagnetic energy induced around a high-voltage power transmission line. The high-voltage induction electricity taking device can convert electromagnetic energy around the transmission conductor into electric energy, provide a stable power supply for electrical equipment arranged nearby, and ensure long-term stable power supply of a load. The high-voltage induction power-taking device is a prior art, and can be applied to the scheme by adopting the existing high-voltage induction power-taking device, for example, chinese patents CN2017203939966 and CN2011203063108 both disclose a high-voltage induction power-taking device, so the structure and the implementation principle of the high-voltage induction power-taking device are not described herein again.
Of course, it should be understood that in some other embodiments, the first power supply module 21 and the second power supply module 31 may also be powered by a storage battery or by solar energy, but the storage battery has the disadvantages of short service life and inconvenient replacement; the solar power supply has the defects that the energy conversion efficiency is low, and the solar power supply is easily restricted by weather conditions, so that the power supply of the existing equipment on the high-voltage side is difficult, and a high-voltage induction power taking device is preferably selected.
In this embodiment, the microwave transmitting module 22 and the microwave detecting module 33 are both resonant cavities. When the microwave is transmitted, the first power supply module 21 directly feeds power to the resonant cavity 22, and the resonant cavity 22 transmits a microwave signal with milliwatt level power and 28.2 ± 0.4GHz frequency to the transmitting antenna 23 for scanning detection.
In practical implementation, the distance between the front end of the transmitting antenna 23 and the porcelain 11 is [0.9 λ, 1.1 λ ], and the distance between the front end of the transmitting antenna 23 and the porcelain 11 may be selected to be 0.9 λ or 1.1 λ, but is preferably λ, where λ is the wavelength of the microwave emitted by the microwave emitting module 22, so as to achieve near-field vertical polarization transmission of the microwave.
Preferably, a dielectric lens (not shown) is provided at the front end of the transmitting antenna 23. The high gain of the transmitting antenna is ensured, the cross section of the microwave beam is narrow, and the resolution of the monitoring system is improved.
Preferably, the transmitting antenna 23 and the receiving antenna 34 are both pyramidal horn antennas, and the communication module 35 is a conformal antenna. As shown in fig. 2, the sizes of the transmitting antenna 23 and the receiving antenna 34 both satisfy the following requirements:
wherein L is HAnd L EThe length from the intersection point of the opening angle extension lines of the H surface and the E surface of the pyramid horn antenna to the opening surface, a hAnd b hOpening surfaces of H surface and E surface of pyramid horn antennaThe lengths of two sides of the end, a and b, are the lengths of two sides of the other end of the H face and the E face of the pyramidal horn antenna.
The pyramidal horn antenna meeting the requirements enables an E-plane sector and an H-plane sector (the E plane refers to a directional diagram tangent plane parallel to the direction of an electric field, and the H plane refers to a directional diagram tangent plane parallel to the direction of a magnetic field) to achieve the optimal sizes, so that the horn and the waveguide are matched in size at the neck, and the optimal effect of receiving electromagnetic waves can be achieved.
The computer is used for receiving the data signals sent by the conformal antenna and judging the deterioration condition of the porcelain insulator based on the received data signals.
From the received data, a degraded insulator degradation condition can be determined. The defect position of the degraded porcelain insulator is different from the dielectric constant of the surrounding material, and the change of the dielectric constant directly influences the phase, the amplitude, the transmission parameter and other parameters of the received microwave. As shown in FIG. 3, at z<The region filling parameter of 0 is ε 1、μ 1And σ 11, epsilon of conductive medium 1、μ 1And σ 1Are respectively the permittivity, permeability and conductivity of the conductive medium 1, in z>The region filling parameter of 0 is ε 2、μ 2And σ 22, epsilon of conductive medium 2、μ 2And σ 2Which are the dielectric constant, the permeability and the conductivity, respectively, of the conductive medium 2, a uniform plane wave is perpendicularly incident from the medium 1 on the boundary plane where z is 0. The transmission coefficient formula (6) is derived:
where τ is the transmission coefficient, E tmIs a transmitted wave, E imIs an incident wave, η 1cAnd η 2cThe transmitted wave amplitude and the incident wave amplitude are shown, respectively.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
where ω represents the angular frequency, ω can be calculated by dividing 2 π by the center frequency of the microwave, and j is an imaginary number.
The transmission coefficient is the most important, and the transmission coefficient and the phase position passing through the defect of the degraded porcelain insulator in the microwave transmission process can be changed, so that the transmission parameter of the porcelain insulator can be calculated and the degradation condition of the porcelain insulator can be analyzed.
Specifically, the computer receives the data signal transmitted by the conformal antenna and converts the data signal to obtain the transmission parameter (S) 2,1) And (4) waveform diagrams. In the frequency interval [27.8GHz, 28.6GHz]Making straight lines perpendicular to the abscissa every 0.01GHz, respectively recording transmission parameter values of intersection points of the straight lines and the normal porcelain insulator curve and the porcelain insulator curve to be detected, and respectively recording the transmission parameter values as S 2,1 is(dB)、S 2,1 measurement(dB); respectively calculating the difference value between the transmission parameters of each frequency point of the normal porcelain insulator and the degraded porcelain insulator through a formula (1)
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