Test device for simulating movable fault to research on tunnel damage mechanism and using method
阅读说明：本技术 模拟活动断层对隧道损伤机理研究的试验装置及使用方法 (Test device for simulating movable fault to research on tunnel damage mechanism and using method ) 是由 李林 刘成亮 郭子红 邹祖银 郭晓丹 余龙 黄河 刘智 于 2019-11-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种模拟活动断层对隧道损伤机理研究的试验装置及使用方法,该装置的模型试验箱包含a箱体和b箱体,a箱体和b箱体拼合成为中空封闭箱体,在拼合位置所述a箱体和所述b箱体可以错动移动,a箱体、b箱体都包含固定板和活动板,模型试验箱外围设置有水平加压系统,水平加压系统可同时对活动板施压,b箱体上方设置可调节荷载的竖向加压设备,b箱体下方固定设置弹性件。一种模拟活动断层对隧道损伤机理研究装置的使用方法：先启动水平加压系统对活动板加压,再启动竖向加压设备对活动的b箱体加压,加压情况通过传感器实时监控,加压可根据所需调节,该系统能模拟不同地应力场应力下不同断层错动速率对隧道损伤情况。(The invention discloses a test device for simulating a movable fault to research a tunnel damage mechanism and a using method thereof.A model test box of the device comprises a box body a and a box body b, wherein the box body a and the box body b are spliced into a hollow closed box body, the box body a and the box body b can move in a staggered manner at the splicing position, both the box body a and the box body b comprise a fixed plate and a movable plate, a horizontal pressurizing system is arranged at the periphery of the model test box, the horizontal pressurizing system can simultaneously pressurize the movable plate, vertical pressurizing equipment capable of adjusting load is arranged above the box body b, and an elastic part is fixedly arranged below the box body b. A use method of a device for simulating a movable fault to study a tunnel damage mechanism comprises the following steps: the horizontal pressurizing system is started to pressurize the movable plate, then the vertical pressurizing equipment is started to pressurize the movable box body b, the pressurizing condition is monitored in real time through a sensor, the pressurizing can be adjusted according to needs, and the system can simulate the tunnel damage condition caused by different fault dislocation rates under different stress field stresses.)
1. The utility model provides a test device of simulation activity fault to tunnel damage mechanism research which characterized in that:
the model test box comprises a box body (100) a and a box body (200) b, wherein the box body (100) a and the box body (200) b are spliced to form a hollow closed box body, and the box body (100) a and the box body (200) b can move in a staggered manner at the splicing position; the box body (100) a and the box body (200) b both comprise a fixed plate and a movable plate; a horizontal pressurizing system is arranged on the periphery of the model test box, and simultaneously pressurizes the movable plate, and the pressure of the horizontal pressurizing system is adjustable; a vertical pressurizing device (900) capable of adjusting load is arranged above the box body (200); an elastic piece (601) is fixedly arranged below the b box body (200).
2. The experimental device for simulating the research on the mechanism of the movable fault on the tunnel damage according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the a box body (100) comprises a fixed plate a upper plate (101), an a side plate (103), an a bottom plate (104) and a movable plate a front plate (102) and a movable plate a rear plate (105) which are fixedly spliced, wherein the a upper plate (101) and the a side plate (103) and the a bottom plate (104) and the a side plate (103) are fixedly formed into an 'Contraband' shape, the a side plate (103) is perpendicular to the a upper plate (101) and the a bottom plate (104), the a upper plate (101) is parallel to the a bottom plate (104), the a front plate (102) is perpendicular to the a upper plate (101) and the a side plate (103), the a front plate (102) is parallel to the a rear plate (105), three edges of the a front plate (102) and the a rear plate (105) are tightly attached to the inner side of the 'Contraband' shaped structure, and the a front plate (102) and the a rear plate (105) can be arranged on the a upper plate (101), The side plate (103) and the bottom plate (104) enclose an Contraband-shaped area to move back and forth;
the b box body (200) comprises a fixed plate b upper plate (201), a b side plate (203), a b bottom plate (204) and movable plate b front plate (202) and a b back plate (205) which are fixedly spliced, wherein the movable plate b front plate (202) and the movable plate b back plate (205) are fixedly arranged between the b upper plate (201) and the b side plate (203), the b bottom plate (204) and the b side plate (203) form an Contraband shape, the b side plate (203) is perpendicular to the b upper plate (201) and the b bottom plate (204), the b upper plate (201) is parallel to the b bottom plate (204), the b front plate (202) is perpendicular to the b upper plate (201) and the b side plate (203), the b front plate (202) is parallel to the b back plate (205), three edges of the b front plate (202) and the b back plate (205) are tightly attached to the inner side of the Contraband-shaped structure, and the b front plate (202) and the b back plate (205) can be arranged on the b upper plate (201, the b back plate (205, The b side plate (203) and the b bottom plate (204) enclose an Contraband-shaped area to move back and forth;
the combined part fault plane (801) between the a box body (100) and the b box body (200) is an inclined plane, and the plane is perpendicular to the b front plate (202) and the a front plate (102).
3. The experimental device for simulating the research on the mechanism of the movable fault on the tunnel damage according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
the horizontal pressurizing system comprises upper angle steel (301), front angle steel (302), lower angle steel (303), rear angle steel (304) and a pressurizing device (401); the upper angle steel (301) is fixed on the a upper plate (101) and the b upper plate (201); the lower angle steel (303) is fixed on the a bottom plate (104) and the b bottom plate (204); the front angle steel (302), the upper angle steel (301) and the lower angle steel (303) are fixedly connected in a square shape, and the inner side of the front angle steel is abutted against the front end of the pressurizing device (401); the rear angle steel (304) is tightly attached to and fixed with the front plate a (102), the rear plate a (105), the front plate b (202) and the rear plate b (205) respectively, and the bottom of the pressurizing device (401) is tightly attached to the rear angle steel (304); two pressurizing devices (401) are arranged between the front angle steel (302) and the rear angle steel (304).
4. The experimental device for simulating the research on the mechanism of the movable fault on the tunnel damage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the pressurizing device (401) is provided with a displacement sensor, and a load sensor is arranged between the pressurizing device (401) and the rear angle steel (304).
5. The experimental device for simulating the research on the mechanism of the movable fault on the tunnel damage according to claim 4, characterized in that: the b box body (200) is provided with a displacement sensor, and a load sensor is arranged between the b box body (200) and the vertical pressurizing equipment (900).
6. The experimental device for simulating the research on the mechanism of the movable fault on the tunnel damage according to claim 5, characterized in that:
a base (501) with the same height as the elastic piece (601) is arranged below the a box body (100), and the base (501) and the elastic piece (601) are fixed on a horizontal support (701) in the same horizontal direction; the horizontal support (701) is a fixed bottom plate or a horizontal ground.
7. The test device for simulating the research of the active fault on the tunnel damage mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: the elastic piece (601) is a spring matrix.
8. The experimental device for simulating the research on the mechanism of the movable fault on the tunnel damage according to claim 7, is characterized in that:
the vertical pressurizing equipment (900) capable of adjusting load above the box body (200) is a 2000KN four-column counter-force support.
9. The experimental device for simulating the research on the mechanism of the movable fault on the tunnel damage according to claim 8, characterized in that: the pressurizing device (401) is a jack.
10. A method for using the test device for simulating the mechanism research of the active fault on the tunnel damage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method for using the test device comprises the following steps:
a. determining a test similarity ratio according to test conditions, preparing a model test material, manufacturing a tunnel model, fixing the tunnel model in a model test box according to a set position, and filling the tunnel model with a similar material of surrounding rock;
b. starting a horizontal pressurization system, applying the same pressure to each movable plate of the model test box, and simulating a ground stress field;
c. starting the vertical pressurizing equipment (900), and applying load to the box body (200) b according to different requirements to enable the box body b to vibrate and move;
d. the displacement of the b box body (200) is monitored in real time through a displacement sensor while pressurization is carried out, the b box body is loaded according to a preset displacement speed, load data received by the movable b box body (200) are monitored in real time through a load sensor, a tunnel model is taken out to obtain the tunnel model damage condition, the damage mechanism of different fault dislocation rates to the tunnel under different stress fields is analyzed, the tunnel damage threshold value is judged, the effects of different anti-dislocation measures are simulated, and more comprehensive and reliable test data are provided for design and construction of the tunnel.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device for simulating the research of a movable fault on a tunnel damage mechanism and a using method thereof, which are used for simulating the research of tunnel damage conditions of tunnel engineering at different fault dislocation rates under different stress fields and belong to the field of tunnel engineering.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the western major development strategy is greatly promoted, a large number of new tunnel projects are planned or constructed, while China is a country with a large mountain area, part of the regions have complex geological conditions and wide active fault distribution, and particularly in the general region of western mountains and hills, a large number of tunnel projects need to be constructed, and can inevitably encounter or cross active faults and other unfavorable geology.
The fault is a geological structure with obvious relative displacement of rock stratums on two sides of a fracture surface along the fracture surface after the rock stratums are subjected to stress disconnection, and generally, the larger the fault scale is, the stronger the squeezing and shearing actions are, and the wider the fracture zone is; the activity forms of the underground engineering include stick-slip and creep-slip, and the stick-slip is a quick-breaking motion, so that the damage to the underground engineering can be directly expressed; the creeping movement is relatively long in time and slow in movement, the damage to underground engineering is not considered to be serious, and much attention is not paid. Recent research shows that under high-speed movement, faults can still be converted from stable creeping movement to instantaneous earthquake gliding movement, and attention has to be paid.
The existing fault model box research mainly aims at fault dislocation mode, fault dip angle, dislocation distance, tunnel bore diameter and the like, and is lack of research on the aspects of ground stress field change and different fault dislocation rates.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the blank item in the prior art, and provides a test device for simulating the research of a movable fault on a tunnel damage mechanism and a using method thereof, so as to realize the simulation of tunnel damage conditions caused by different fault dislocation rates in different stress fields of tunnel engineering.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a test device for simulating the research of a movable fault on a tunnel damage mechanism, which comprises the following steps: the model test box comprises a box body a and a box body b, wherein the box body a and the box body b are spliced into a hollow closed box body, and the box body a and the box body b can move in a staggered manner at the splicing position; the box body a and the box body b both comprise a fixed plate and a movable plate; a horizontal pressurizing system is arranged on the periphery of the model test box, and simultaneously pressurizes the movable plate, and the pressure of the horizontal pressurizing system is adjustable; a vertical pressurizing device capable of adjusting load is arranged above the box body b; and an elastic part is fixedly arranged below the box body b.
In the test device for simulating the movable fault to study the tunnel damage mechanism, the test model box adopts a closed structure, the box body a and the box body b contain the movable plates, when the horizontal pressurizing system works, the movable plates apply pressure to the similar materials of the surrounding rock, the surrounding rock simulating materials are prevented from being extruded from gaps, reliable confining pressure is provided, the horizontal pressurizing system applies load to the movable plates, the stress uniformly distributed in the model test box is enabled to be obtained, and the change of stress fields in different places can be simulated. An elastic piece is arranged below the box body b, a vertical pressurizing device capable of adjusting load is arranged above the box body b, and the vertical pressurizing device applies pressure to the upper portion of the box body b to enable the box body b to move according to a set displacement speed, so that the oblique dislocation of the fault can be simulated, and different dislocation rates of the fault can be simulated.
The box body a comprises a fixed plate a upper plate, a side plate a, a bottom plate a, a movable plate a front plate and a movable plate a rear plate a which are fixedly spliced, wherein the a upper plate, the a side plate a, the movable plate a front plate and the a rear plate a are movably arranged, the a upper plate and the a side plate a are fixedly formed between the a upper plate and the a side plate a, the a bottom plate a and the a side plate a are fixedly formed between the a bottom plate a and the a side plate a, the a side plate a is perpendicular to the a upper plate and the a bottom plate a, the a upper plate a is parallel to the a bottom plate a, the a front plate a is parallel to the a front plate a, the a rear plate a is tightly attached to the inner side of a Contraband-shaped structure, and the a; the box body b comprises a fixed plate b upper plate, a b side plate, a b bottom plate, a movable plate b front plate and a b back plate which are fixedly spliced, wherein a Contraband shape is fixedly formed between the b upper plate and the b side plate and between the b bottom plate and the b side plate, the b side plate is vertical to the b upper plate and the b bottom plate, the b upper plate is parallel to the b bottom plate, the b front plate is vertical to the b upper plate and the b side plate simultaneously, the b front plate and the b back plate are parallel to each other, three edges of the b front plate and the b back plate are tightly attached to the inner side of a Contraband-shaped structure, and the b front plate and the b back plate can move back and forth in a Contraband-shaped area defined by the b upper plate, the b side plate and; the sectional plane of the combined part between the box body a and the box body b is an inclined plane, and the plane is vertical to the front plate b and the front plate a.
The elastic component is a spring matrix which can provide uniform supporting effect and has good deformation capability and resetting capability.
a, a base with the same height as the elastic element is arranged below the box body, and the base and the elastic element are kept in the same level and fixed on a horizontal support; the horizontal support is a fixed bottom plate or a horizontal ground; the horizontal pressurizing system comprises upper angle steel, front angle steel, lower angle steel, rear angle steel and a pressurizing device; the upper angle steel is fixed on the upper plate a and the upper plate b; the lower angle steel is fixed on the bottom plate a and the bottom plate b; the front angle steel is fixedly connected with the upper angle steel and the lower angle steel in a square shape, and the inner side of the front angle steel is close to the front end of the pressurizing device; the rear angle steel is respectively tightly attached to and fixed with the front plate a, the rear plate a, the front plate b and the rear plate b, and the bottom of the pressurizing device is tightly attached to the rear angle steel; two pressurizing devices are arranged between the front angle steel and the rear angle steel.
In the test device for simulating the movable fault to research the tunnel damage mechanism, the fixed support is arranged on the peripheral box body of the test model box, the pressurizing device is used for supporting the fixed support, and the movable plate is used for reacting force to form a horizontal pressurizing system. The design saves the cost like this, and test equipment easily wholly carries.
The box body b and the pressurizing device are provided with displacement sensors, a load sensor is arranged between the box body b and the vertical pressurizing equipment, a load sensor is arranged between the pressurizing device and the rear angle steel, and visual and reliable data can be obtained by using the load sensor and the displacement sensors.
The pressurizing device between the front angle steel and the rear angle steel is a jack.
And b, the vertical pressurizing equipment capable of adjusting load above the box body is a 2000KN four-column counter-force support.
The invention also provides a use method of the test device for simulating the movable fault to research the tunnel damage mechanism, which comprises the following steps:
a. determining a test similarity ratio according to test conditions, preparing a model test material, manufacturing a tunnel model, fixing the tunnel model in a model test box according to a set position, and filling the tunnel model with a similar material of surrounding rock;
b. starting a horizontal pressurization system, applying the same pressure to each movable plate of the model test box, and simulating a ground stress field;
c. starting vertical pressurizing equipment, and applying loads to the box body b according to different requirements to enable the box body b to vibrate and move;
d. the displacement of the box body b is monitored in real time through the displacement sensor while pressurization is carried out, the box body b is loaded according to a preset displacement speed, load data received by the movable box body b are monitored in real time through the load sensor, a tunnel model is taken out to obtain the damage condition of the tunnel model, the damage mechanism of the tunnel by different fault dislocation rates in different stress fields is analyzed, the damage threshold value of the tunnel is judged, the effect of different anti-dislocation measures is simulated, and more comprehensive and reliable test data are provided for design and construction of the tunnel.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. determining a test similarity ratio according to test conditions, preparing a model test material, manufacturing a tunnel model, fixing the tunnel model in a model test box according to a set position, and filling the tunnel model with a similar material of surrounding rock; the test model box adopts a closed structure to avoid surrounding rock simulation materials from being extruded out of gaps, the box body a and the box body b comprise movable plates and fixed plates, a horizontal pressurization system is started, the movable plates apply pressure to the similar materials of the surrounding rock, the same pressure is applied to the movable plates of the model test box, the change of different ground stress fields is simulated, and reliable and uniformly distributed ground stress fields are provided; b, arranging an elastic piece below the box body, arranging a vertical pressurizing device capable of adjusting load above the box body, starting the vertical pressurizing device, and applying load to the box body b according to different requirements to enable the box body b to vibrate and move; the displacement of the box body b is monitored in real time through the displacement sensor while pressurization is carried out, the box body b is loaded according to a preset displacement speed, load data received by the movable box body b are monitored in real time through the load sensor, a tunnel model is taken out to obtain the damage condition of the tunnel model, the damage mechanism of the tunnel by different fault dislocation rates in different stress fields is analyzed, the damage threshold value of the tunnel is judged, the effect of different anti-dislocation measures is simulated, and more comprehensive and reliable test data are provided for design and construction of the tunnel.
2. The spring matrix can provide even supporting effect, and has good deformation capability and resetting capability.
3. A fixed support is arranged on a peripheral box body of the test model box, a pressurizing device is used for supporting the fixed support and providing reaction force for the movable plate to form a horizontal pressurizing system. The design saves the cost like this, and test equipment easily wholly carries.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a rear view structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
1-3, the test device for simulating the movable fault to the tunnel damage mechanism research comprises an a
the a
The
The a
The horizontal pressurizing system comprises an
a
And a 2000KN four-column counter-force support is arranged above the box body.
The
The use method of the test device for simulating the research of the movable fault on the tunnel damage mechanism comprises the following steps:
a. determining a test similarity ratio according to test conditions, preparing a model test material, manufacturing a tunnel model, fixing the tunnel model in a model box according to a set position, and then filling the tunnel model with a similar material of surrounding rock;
b. starting a horizontal pressurization system, applying the same pressure to a front plate 102 a, a back plate 105 a, a front plate 202 b and a back plate 205 b of the model test box, so that the model test box is subjected to uniform stress, a ground stress field is simulated, and different stress fields can be adjusted by a jack;
c. starting a 2000KN four-column counter-force support, inputting the dislocation data required by the support, and applying a load to the box body 200 b to enable the box body 200 b to vibrate and move;
d. the displacement of the
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
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