Thermoelectric power generation unit, molten salt reactor, and operation method and application thereof
阅读说明：本技术 温差发电单元、熔盐堆及其运行方法和应用 (Thermoelectric power generation unit, molten salt reactor, and operation method and application thereof ) 是由 陈兴伟 戴叶 崔德阳 于世和 邹杨 于 2019-11-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种温差发电单元、熔盐堆及其运行方法和应用。该温差发电单元用于热管冷凝端,其包括热端套筒和冷端套筒；热端套筒用于套设于热管冷凝端外,热端套筒的外侧壁为平面,每一热端套筒的底部与其相邻的热端套筒的底部连接形成一个热端套；每一热端套筒外均套设与之相适的具有内部空腔的冷端套筒,每一冷端套筒的底部与其相邻的冷端套筒的底部连通形成具有一个内部空腔的冷端套,其设有冷却介质入口和出口；热端套的外侧壁与冷端套的内侧壁之间贴有温差发电片；热端套的外侧壁与冷端套的内侧壁在未贴温差发电片处相贴合。本发明的温差发电单元,能够提高换热能力。(The invention discloses a temperature difference power generation unit, a molten salt reactor, an operation method and application thereof. The thermoelectric power generation unit is used for a heat pipe condensation end and comprises a hot end sleeve and a cold end sleeve; the hot end sleeve is sleeved outside the condensation end of the heat pipe, the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is a plane, and the bottom of each hot end sleeve is connected with the bottom of the adjacent hot end sleeve to form a hot end sleeve; each hot end sleeve is sleeved with a cold end sleeve which is matched with the hot end sleeve and provided with an inner cavity, the bottom of each cold end sleeve is communicated with the bottom of the cold end sleeve adjacent to the cold end sleeve to form a cold end sleeve with an inner cavity, and the cold end sleeve is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet; a thermoelectric generation piece is pasted between the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve and the inner side wall of the cold end sleeve; the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is attached to the inner side wall of the cold end sleeve at the position where the thermoelectric generation sheet is not attached. The thermoelectric power generation unit can improve the heat exchange capacity.)
1. A temperature difference power generation unit is used for a heat pipe condensation end and is characterized by comprising a hot end sleeve and a cold end sleeve; the hot end sleeves correspond to the condensation ends of the heat pipes one by one; the hot end sleeve is used for being sleeved outside the condensation end of the heat pipe and is suitable for the condensation end of the heat pipe, the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is a plane, and the bottom of each hot end sleeve is connected with the bottom of the adjacent hot end sleeve to form a hot end sleeve; each hot end sleeve is sleeved with a cold end sleeve which is matched with the hot end sleeve and provided with an internal cavity, the bottom of each cold end sleeve is communicated with the bottom of the cold end sleeve adjacent to the cold end sleeve to form a cold end sleeve with an internal cavity, and the cold end sleeve is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet; thermoelectric generation pieces are attached between the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve and the inner side wall of the cold end sleeve; the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is attached to the inner side wall of the cold end sleeve at the position where the thermoelectric generation piece is not attached.
2. The thermoelectric power generation unit of claim 1, wherein the shape of the outer sidewall of the hot end sleeve is the same as the shape of the outer sidewall of a regular hexagonal prism;
and/or the material of the hot end sleeve is copper;
and/or the bottom surface of the hot end sleeve is a horizontal surface.
3. The thermoelectric power generation unit of claim 1, wherein the cold end sleeve is made of copper;
and/or the bottom surface of the cold end sleeve is a horizontal plane;
and/or the cooling medium inlet is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the cold end sleeve, and the cooling medium outlet is arranged on the side wall of the top of the cold end sleeve.
4. The thermoelectric generation unit of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation sheet is a cobalt-based oxide, preferably a Ca-Co-O-based thermoelectric material, the component of which is Ca 3Co 4O 9；
And/or an aluminosilicate adhesive is coated between the thermoelectric generation piece and the hot end sleeve, and the type of the aluminosilicate adhesive is preferably JL-767C;
and/or an aluminosilicate adhesive is coated between the thermoelectric generation piece and the cold end sleeve, and the type of the aluminosilicate adhesive is preferably JL-767C.
5. A molten salt reactor comprising fuel salt, heat pipes, a core vessel, a reflective layer and a shielding layer; the reflecting layer and the shielding layer are sequentially arranged outside the reactor core container; the fuel salt is filled in the core vessel; one end of the heat pipe is inserted into the fuel salt, and the other end of the heat pipe is used as a condensation end of the heat pipe and extends out of the shielding layer; the thermoelectric power generation unit is characterized in that the condensation end of the heat pipe is provided with the thermoelectric power generation unit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The molten salt stack of claim 5, wherein the fuel salt is a molten salt containing nuclear fuel, the molten salt being a fluoride or chloride salt; the fuel salt is preferably LiF-UF 4；
And/or the heat pipe is made of Mo-Re alloy or Hastelloy, preferably Hastelloy;
and/or the heat pipe is a cylindrical straight pipe;
and/or the working medium in the heat pipe is sodium or potassium, preferably sodium;
and/or the arrangement mode of the heat pipes is a regular triangle arrangement mode.
7. The molten salt reactor of claim 5, wherein the heat pipes are cylindrical straight pipes, and the arrangement of the heat pipes is a regular triangle arrangement; the shape of the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is the same as that of the outer side wall of the regular hexagonal prism; the bottom surface of the heat end sleeve is vertical to the longitudinal axis of the heat pipe; the bottom surface of the cold end sleeve is vertical to the longitudinal axis of the heat pipe; the cooling medium inlet is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the cold end sleeve, and the cooling medium outlet is arranged on the side wall of the top of the cold end sleeve; preferably, the heat pipe is made of hastelloy, and the working medium in the heat pipe is sodium; the material of the hot end sleeve is copper; the cold end sleeve is made of copper; the heat pipe is characterized in that a heat insulation layer is arranged on the outer side of the shielding layer, and the heat pipe condensation end, the heat end sleeve and the cold end sleeve are all positioned in the heat insulation layer; the thermoelectric generation piece is a Ca-Co-O-based thermoelectric material, and the component of the thermoelectric generation piece is Ca 3Co 4O 9。
8. A method of operating a molten salt reactor, the method being carried out in a molten salt reactor according to any one of claims 5 to 7, the method comprising the steps of: the heat pipe with the heat transfer of fuel salt extremely outside the heat pipe condensation end the hot pot end cover, coolant in the cooling jacket constantly cools off the cold pot end cover, the thermoelectric generation piece utilizes the difference in temperature at its both ends to produce the electromotive force, converts heat energy into electric energy.
9. Method of operating a molten salt reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature difference is above 325.9 ℃, preferably above 480.6 ℃;
alternatively, the heat transfer coefficient on the cooling medium side is 1221W/(m) 2K) or more, preferably 2700W/(m) 2K) above;
or the temperature difference is above 480.6 ℃, the thermoelectric generation piece is a Ca-Co-O-based thermoelectric material, and the component of the thermoelectric generation piece is Ca 3Co 4O 9The heat exchange coefficient of one side of the cooling medium is 2700W/(m) 2K) above.
10. Use of a molten salt stack as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7 as a power source in the field of outer space exploration and/or deep sea exploration.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermoelectric power generation unit, a molten salt reactor, an operation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of science and technology, people are accelerated in exploring special environments such as outer space, deep sea and the like, and the traditional energy system is difficult to meet the use requirement of large-scale special equipment for long-term work due to the reasons of large size, poor cruising ability or poor adaptability to severe working environments such as high and low temperature, vacuum, radiation, impact, vibration and the like. The technical development of a safe and reliable nuclear power supply which is not influenced by the environment and has long service life is increasingly paid attention.
The stack types currently considered internationally as being suitable for particular environments include gas-cooled stack types, which require operating pressures that result in systems of large mass and size, and liquid-cooled stack types, which limit their use in particular environments. The molten salt reactor (one of liquid cooling reactor types) is one of important reactor types of the fourth generation advanced reactor, takes high boiling point molten salt as nuclear fuel, and has the advantages of high power density, high output temperature, high thermoelectric efficiency, simple structure, simple and easy operation, safety, reliability and the like. The application of the molten salt reactor to an energy system has great advantages and is an ideal energy source for outer space and deep sea exploration tasks.
Chinese patent document CN109243653A, published japanese patent No. 2019.01.18, discloses a nuclear reactor which converts thermal energy and electric energy using heat pipes, thermocouple conversion elements, and cooling water. However, the inventor of the present invention hopes to point out that, in the technical solution, the thermocouple conversion elements are arranged at intervals, the cooling water channel is arranged between the thermocouple conversion elements, and the heat pipe is inserted into the thermocouple conversion elements, so that the heat exchange capability of the thermoelectric power generation unit with the structure is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a novel temperature difference power generation unit, a molten salt reactor, an operation method and application thereof in order to overcome the defect that the temperature difference power generation unit of the reactor for the condensation end of a heat pipe in the prior art is not ideal enough in heat exchange capacity.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a temperature difference power generation unit, which is used for a heat pipe condensation end and comprises a hot end sleeve and a cold end sleeve; the hot end sleeves correspond to the condensation ends of the heat pipes one by one; the hot end sleeve is used for being sleeved outside the condensation end of the heat pipe and is suitable for the condensation end of the heat pipe, the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is a plane, and the bottom of each hot end sleeve is connected with the bottom of the adjacent hot end sleeve to form a hot end sleeve; each hot end sleeve is sleeved with a cold end sleeve which is matched with the hot end sleeve and provided with an internal cavity, the bottom of each cold end sleeve is communicated with the bottom of the cold end sleeve adjacent to the cold end sleeve to form a cold end sleeve with an internal cavity, and the cold end sleeve is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet; thermoelectric generation pieces are attached between the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve and the inner side wall of the cold end sleeve; the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is attached to the inner side wall of the cold end sleeve at the position where the thermoelectric generation piece is not attached.
In the invention, the shape of the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is preferably the same as that of the outer side wall of the regular hexagonal prism.
In the present invention, the material of the thermal end sleeve can be a metal material with good thermal conductivity, preferably copper, which is conventionally used in the field.
In the present invention, preferably, the bottom surface of the heat end sleeve is a horizontal surface.
In the present invention, the material of the cold end sleeve can be a material with better thermal conductivity, which is conventionally used in the field, and is preferably copper.
In the invention, the inner cavity of the cold end sleeve can be internally provided with baffle plates or fins according to the heat exchange requirement of the condensation end of the heat pipe.
In the present invention, preferably, the bottom surface of the cold end sleeve is a horizontal surface.
In the present invention, preferably, the cooling medium inlet is disposed on a bottom side wall of the cold end sleeve, and the cooling medium outlet is disposed on a top side wall of the cold end sleeve, so as to implement countercurrent heat exchange.
In the invention, the thermoelectric generation piece can be an energy-saving pieceThe high-temperature resistant material conventionally used for the field is preferably a cobalt-based oxide, more preferably a Ca-Co-O-based thermoelectric material, the component of which is Ca 3Co 4O 9。
In the invention, the thermoelectric generation piece and the hot end sleeve can be coated with high-temperature-resistant inorganic glue for enhancing heat conduction, and the inorganic glue can be an aluminosilicate adhesive for example. Preferably, the aluminosilicate adhesive is JL-767C, and the manufacturer is Dongguan adhesive product Co.
In the invention, the thermoelectric generation piece and the cold end sleeve can be coated with high-temperature-resistant inorganic glue for enhancing heat conduction, and the inorganic glue can be an aluminosilicate adhesive for example. Preferably, the aluminosilicate adhesive is JL-767C, and the manufacturer is Dongguan adhesive product Co.
The invention also provides a molten salt reactor, which comprises fuel salt, a heat pipe, a reactor core container, a reflecting layer and a shielding layer; the reflecting layer and the shielding layer are sequentially arranged outside the reactor core container; the fuel salt is filled in the core vessel; one end of the heat pipe is inserted into the fuel salt, and the other end of the heat pipe is used as a condensation end of the heat pipe and extends out of the shielding layer; the condensation end of the heat pipe is provided with the temperature difference power generation unit.
In the present invention, preferably, the molten salt reactor is a molten salt reactor used in the deep sea exploration field. In this case, preferably, the cooling medium inlet is a cooling water inlet, and the cooling medium outlet is a cooling water outlet.
In the present invention, the fuel salt may be a molten salt containing nuclear fuel, which is conventional in the art, and may be, for example, a high boiling point molten salt, preferably a fluorine salt or a chlorine salt. The fuel salt is preferably LiF-UF 4。
In the invention, the material of the heat pipe can be a conventional high-temperature-resistant, corrosion-resistant and irradiation-resistant material in the field, preferably a Mo-Re alloy or a Hastelloy alloy, and more preferably a Hastelloy alloy.
In the present invention, the heat pipe may be a heat pipe conventionally used in the art, which is generally a section of closed pipe containing a working medium, and may be in various shapes, such as a bent pipe or a straight pipe, preferably a cylindrical straight pipe.
In the present invention, the working medium inside the heat pipe may be a working medium conventionally used in the art, such as alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium or cesium) or silver, preferably sodium or potassium, more preferably sodium.
In the invention, the arrangement mode of the heat pipes refers to the arrangement mode of the tube arrays in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and preferably is a regular triangle arrangement mode.
In the invention, the material of the reactor core container can be a high-temperature-resistant, corrosion-resistant and irradiation-resistant material which is conventional in the field, preferably Mo-Re alloy or Hastelloy, and more preferably Hastelloy.
In the present invention, the material of the reflective layer may be a material with strong neutron reflection capability, which is conventionally used in the art, and is preferably beryllium oxide.
In the invention, a control drum can be arranged in the reflecting layer according to the conventional arrangement mode in the field, and the material of the control drum can be a material with strong neutron reflection capability, which is conventionally used in the field, and is preferably beryllium oxide. Wherein, a neutron absorber is arranged on one side of the control drum according to the routine in the field, and the material of the neutron absorber can be a material with strong neutron absorption capacity, preferably boron carbide.
In the invention, the outer side of the shielding layer is preferably provided with a heat insulation layer, the heat pipe condensation end, the heat end sleeve and the cold end sleeve are all positioned in the heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer is arranged for reducing the heat loss of the system. The heat-insulating layer is preferably provided with an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is made of aluminum silicate fibers, and the outer layer is made of a nano heat-insulating material.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat pipes are cylindrical straight pipes, and the arrangement of the heat pipes is a regular triangle arrangement; the shape of the outer side wall of the hot end sleeve is the same as that of the outer side wall of the regular hexagonal prism; the bottom surface of the heat end sleeve is vertical to the longitudinal axis of the heat pipe; the bottom surface of the cold end sleeve is vertical to the longitudinal axis of the heat pipe; the cooling medium inlet is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the cold end sleeve, and the cooling medium outlet is arranged on the side wall of the top of the cold end sleeve.
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat pipe is made of hastelloy, and the working medium inside the heat pipe is sodium; the material of the hot end sleeve is copper; the cold end sleeve is made of copper; the heat pipe is characterized in that a heat insulation layer is arranged on the outer side of the shielding layer, and the heat pipe condensation end, the heat end sleeve and the cold end sleeve are all positioned in the heat insulation layer; the thermoelectric generation piece is a Ca-Co-O-based thermoelectric material, and the component of the thermoelectric generation piece is Ca 3Co 4O 9。
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel salt is LiF-UF 4(ii) a The reactor core container is made of hastelloy; the reflecting layer is made of beryllium oxide; a control drum is arranged in the reflecting layer, and the control drum is made of beryllium oxide; a neutron absorber is arranged on one side of the control drum, and the neutron absorber is made of boron carbide.
The invention also provides an operation method of the molten salt reactor, which comprises the following steps: the heat pipe with the heat transfer of fuel salt extremely outside the heat pipe condensation end the hot pot end cover, coolant in the cooling jacket constantly cools off the cold pot end cover, the thermoelectric generation piece utilizes the difference in temperature at its both ends to produce the electromotive force, converts heat energy into electric energy.
In the present invention, the skilled person knows that the temperature difference should reach more than 10 ℃, so that the generated energy can reach the available level. The inventors of the present invention have found that the temperature difference is preferably 250 ℃ or more, more preferably 325.9 ℃ or more, for example 480.6 ℃ or more.
In the present invention, the heat transfer coefficient on the cooling medium side is preferably 1170W/(m) 2K) or more, more preferably 1221W/(m) 2K) or more, more preferably 2700W/(m) 2K) above.
In the present invention, preferably, the temperature difference is 480.6 ℃ or more, and the thermoelectric generation element is a Ca-Co-O-based thermoelectric material containing Ca as a component 3Co 4O 9The heat exchange coefficient of one side of the cooling medium is 2700W/(m) 2K) toThe above. By adopting the technical scheme, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be greatly improved.
The invention also provides application of the molten salt reactor as a power supply in the field of outer space exploration and/or deep sea exploration.
In the present invention, preferably, the field is a deep sea exploration field.
In the invention, in the phrase "the hot end sleeve fits the hot end condensation end", the fitting refers to that the outer wall surface of the hot end condensation end of the heat pipe fits the inner wall surface of the hot end sleeve.
In the invention, each hot end sleeve is sleeved with a cold end sleeve which is matched with the hot end sleeve and provided with an internal cavity, wherein the matching refers to that the inner wall surface of the cold end sleeve is attached to the hot end sleeve which is attached with the thermoelectric generation piece.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the temperature difference power generation unit with the existing structure, the temperature difference power generation unit enables the condensation end of the heat pipe to form a unique heat exchange structure, and the heat exchange capacity is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt stack of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
in FIG. 3, FIG. a is a front view of a heat pipe in
in fig. 4, fig. a is a front view of the hot end cap of example 1 along a longitudinal section thereof, and fig. b is a top view of the hot end cap of example 1 along a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal section thereof;
in fig. 5, a is a front view of the thermoelectric generation element-attached hot side jacket of example 1 along a longitudinal section thereof, and b is a top view of the thermoelectric generation element-attached hot side jacket of example 1 along a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal section thereof;
in fig. 6, a is a front view formed by sleeving the hot end sleeve adhered with the thermoelectric generation sheet shown in fig. 5 on a heat pipe, and a top view formed by sleeving the hot end sleeve adhered with the thermoelectric generation sheet shown in fig. 5 on the heat pipe;
in FIG. 7, FIG. a is a front view of the cold end sleeve of
FIG. 8 is a front view of the cold end sleeve of FIG. 7 in the integrated configuration of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a top view of the cold end sleeve of FIG. 7 in the integrated configuration of FIG. 6;
description of reference numerals:
Cold end sleeve 71
Cooling
Cooling
Thermoelectric
Insulating
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
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