阅读说明：本技术 一种款冬花防虫蛀储藏技术 (Storage technology for preventing coltsfoot flower from being damaged by worms ) 是由 孔媛 刘世增 赵军营 于 2019-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明为一种成本低、易操作的款冬花气调袋充氮气储藏技术。将款冬花装入塑料薄膜囊袋,充入纯度达99%的氮气,置换掉袋内药材缝隙间的氧气,抑制袋蛀虫滋生。氮气用小型移动式汽车轮胎氮气机制取,用以玻纤维和玻棉为滤芯的氮气净化器,净化后作为氮气源。塑料薄膜囊袋用厚度0.1毫米、双层宽度2-5米的筒状塑料膜制作：一端用细绳扎紧,制成周长4-10米的简易塑料囊袋。款冬花用纸箱或麻包分装后,码放到囊袋中,后扎紧囊袋口。塑料囊袋底部通入一根直径1厘米的硬塑料管为进气管,顶部通入一根为排气管；进气管与氮气净化器相接,向囊袋内每隔10天充入氮气1次,每次5-10分钟,袋内空气经排气管,排至室外。(The invention relates to a low-cost and easy-to-operate storage technology for a common coltsfoot flower air conditioning bag filled with nitrogen. Putting flos Farfarae into plastic film bag, charging nitrogen with purity up to 99%, and displacing oxygen between medicinal material gaps in the bag to inhibit growth of bag moth. The nitrogen is prepared by a small-sized mobile automobile tire nitrogen machine, and is used for a nitrogen purifier which uses glass fiber and glass wool as filter elements and is used as a nitrogen source after purification. The plastic film bag is made of a cylindrical plastic film with the thickness of 0.1 millimeter and the double-layer width of 2-5 meters: one end is tied by a string to make a simple plastic bag with the circumference of 4-10 m. Subpackaging flos Farfarae with carton or hemp bag, stacking into bag, and tightening bag opening. A rigid plastic pipe with the diameter of 1 cm is led into the bottom of the plastic bag to serve as an air inlet pipe, and a gas outlet pipe is led into the top of the plastic bag; the air inlet pipe is connected with a nitrogen purifier, nitrogen is filled into the bag for 1 time every 10 days, each time lasts for 5-10 minutes, and the air in the bag is exhausted to the outside through the exhaust pipe.)

1. A storage method of tussilago farfara air conditioning bag filled with nitrogen is characterized in that: putting flos Farfarae into plastic film bag, charging nitrogen with purity up to 99%, and displacing oxygen between medicinal material gaps in the bag to inhibit growth of bag moth.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen gas produced by the small mobile automobile tyre nitrogen machine is purified by a nitrogen purifier filled with glass fiber and glass wool with different precision as filter elements and then used as a nitrogen source.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plastic film pouch is made of a cylindrical plastic film having a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 2 to 5 m in both layers: one end is tied by a string to make a simple plastic bag with the circumference of 4-10 m.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tussilago farfara is packed in a paper box or a breathable hemp bag, stacked in a bag, and then the bag opening is tightened.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rigid plastic tube with a diameter of 1 cm is introduced into the bottom of the plastic bag to form an inlet pipe, and an exhaust pipe is introduced into the top of the plastic bag; the air inlet pipe is connected with a nitrogen purifier, nitrogen is filled into the bag for 1 time every 10 days, each time lasts for 5-10 minutes, and the air in the bag is exhausted to the outside through the exhaust pipe.

6. The reserve of medicinal materials in each bag is controlled within 500 kg; if the medicinal material reserves are great, then pack into different plastic bags, neatly arrange in the storehouse, get up with filling nitrogen gas pipeline "series connection": the exhaust pipe of the former plastic bag is used as a nitrogen gas inlet pipe of the latter bag, the front bag and the rear bag are connected with about 5 bags in series, and the exhaust pipe of the last bag is communicated to the outside of the storehouse.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a mothproof modified atmosphere bag storage technology of dried products of Chinese medicinal material flos farfarae (namely dried buds of flos farfarae).

Background

(I) the current situation of insect-damage prevention in the storage of flos Farfarae

Traditional Chinese medicine is a precious wealth of Chinese nationality, and traditional Chinese medicines are the material basis for inheritance and development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is directly related to the healthy development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in China. The reasonable storage of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is an important measure for ensuring the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and an important link for reducing loss and improving economic benefits. If the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are in a problem in the storage link, the deterioration of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, such as worm damage (worm generation), mildew, color change, oil leakage, weathering and the like, can be caused, and the quality and the curative effect of the medicine can be directly influenced.

In the storage process of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, various factors can cause worm damage and reduce the quality of the medicinal materials. The literature reports that the traditional Chinese medicinal materials which are easy to decay insects account for about 70 percent of the total weight of the medicinal materials^［1］. China northern landThe provinces of each province, 6-9 months per year, are the seasons of high incidence of the Chinese medicinal material stored moth. Traditional Chinese medicinal materials of moths are often eaten into holes and even eaten into powder, so that the drug effect is seriously influenced.

Flos Farfarae is plant of Farfarae of CompositaeTussilago farfaraL.) flower bud, also called winter flower, Jiujiu flower, moxa-winter flower, the history of medicinal use is long. Modern pharmacological research shows that the main components of the flos farfarae are rutin, quercetin, tussilagone, tussilagol and the like, and the flos farfarae has the effects of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, increasing blood pressure and improving respiration. In addition, the traditional Chinese medicine composition has certain effects on aspects of resisting platelet aggregation, inhibiting tumor growth, treating diarrhea and ulcer formation, promoting bile secretion and the like, and has high medical value. Coltsfoot flower is also one of medicinal materials which are easy to grow insects during storage, and the moths during storage are mainly larvae of Indian meal moth. When routine examination is carried out in a coltsfoot flower storehouse, no live maggot condition is found on an outer packaging bag, but after the packaging bag is taken out of the storehouse and opened, a plurality of white maggots are often found at the sealing position, the edible medicines are often eaten to form holes and notches, silking is carried out to be linked with the medicines and excrement, and the surfaces of the medicines are sealed by netting, so that the medicines are caked and deteriorated, and the shape and the quality of the medicines are seriously influenced. Before the coltsfoot flower is used as a medicine, honey moxibustion is often required. The common name of the coltsfoot flower after honey moxibustion is honey coltsfoot. After honey moxibustion, because the honey moxibustion is rich in nutrient substances such as sugar which is favored by moths and the like, the honey moxibustion is easier to generate insects and seriously damages the drug effect, and the economic loss is larger compared with the non-honey moxibustion common coltsfoot flower^［2］。

For a long time, the traditional normal-temperature storage method is mainly adopted for Chinese traditional medicine storage due to the restriction of economic conditions. In the traditional normal temperature storage process, because the conditions such as warehouse temperature, humidity and the like are difficult to effectively control, the medicinal materials are easy to moth, and sulfur and aluminum phosphide are adopted for fumigating and preventing moth. Some vendors prevent the stored herbs from being decayed, and smoke them with sulfur repeatedly during the storage period, which results in serious standard exceeding of the sulfur content of herbs. Sulfur fumigation can seriously affect the quality and curative effect of medicinal materials and pollute the environment. In 2011, 4 months, a central television station broadcasts sulfur-smoked medicinal materials in 'economic half-hour': life saving medicine-poison changing medicine, exposing Chinese medicinal materials such as radix codonopsitis and the like to smoke sulfur, and touching eyes and frightening heart in scene: the dust in the flying air not only spreads the traditional Chinese medicine flavor, but also is mixed with a sour flavor, even covers the taste of the medicinal materials. Excessive fumigation of the Chinese medicinal material sulfur can be called a toxic tumor in the field of medicinal material storage, and various government departments hit the Chinese medicinal material with heavy boxing to fumigate the sulfur, but the sulfur is forbidden frequently.

In recent years, modern storage facilities such as a refrigeration house, an air-conditioned cold store and the like are gradually adopted in the field of traditional Chinese medicinal material storage^［3］But the warehouse investment cost is too high to be popularized. In practice, the wall of the cold storage needs a heat insulation layer made of polyurethane and the like, and is provided with special large-scale refrigeration equipment and 380V power electricity; the construction cost of the air-conditioned cold store is higher, the wall body needs to be provided with an air-tight coating and an air-tight door, large-scale nitrogen making equipment needs to be matched with 380V power electricity, the small-scale cold store has hundreds of thousands of investment or even millions of investment, much capital investment and high operation energy consumption, and only large-scale traditional Chinese medicine enterprises can build and use the air-conditioned cold store.

Before and after the last 80 years, scholars put forward a storage technology of Chinese medicinal materials in modified atmosphere bags, and the basic principle is as follows: the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are filled in a closed plastic film bag, the volume of the bag can be large or small, then regulating gas different from normal atmospheric components is obtained through various regulating modes, and the moth or deterioration process of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the sealed bag is inhibited. In the specific operation, nitrogen or carbon dioxide is mostly filled into the sealed plastic film filled with the medicinal materials through large-scale nitrogen or carbon dioxide preparation equipment so as to inhibit the breeding of moths during storage, but the nitrogen or carbon dioxide preparation by adopting the large-scale equipment has high cost and is difficult to popularize in practice^［2］。

In recent years, scholars have proposed an improved "modified atmosphere bag" storage technology: developing a gas regulator, putting into a sealed plastic film bag containing Chinese medicinal materials, and reducing oxygen concentration in the plastic film by chemical reaction of the gas regulator to inhibit growth of moth^［2］. However, in the specific operation, 2 kg of air-conditioning agent needs to be added to each cubic meter of medicinal materials, and the defects of complicated operation, small controllability of reducing the oxygen concentration in the medicinal plastic film and the like exist. If the medicinal materials need to be taken at any time during storage, or the air regulator needs to be put again once the plastic film is punctured and leaks air, the operation is extremely highIt is cumbersome.

According to our investigation, in the provinces such as Gansu, Hebei and the like, which are the main production areas of the flos farfarae, the flos farfarae products accounting for more than 60% of the yield per year are concentrated in farmers, farmer cooperative agencies, intermediary vendors and small processing enterprises, and are links which the flos farfarae storage must go through. The investment of modern storage facilities such as low-temperature cold storage, air conditioned cold storage and the like is too high, most of planting, circulation and processing people in main producing areas store the common coltsfoot flowers at normal temperature, which becomes the most easy link for the moth in storage, and individual illegal vendors more repeatedly use a sulfur fumigation method to prevent the moth, thereby seriously affecting the quality and the safety of medicinal materials.

(II) analysis of causes of the occurrence of common coltsfoot flower-storing moths

The source of the Chinese herbal medicine storage moths is mainly contaminated by eggs laid by the moths in the planting, harvesting and processing processes, and the moths cannot be killed in the drying process and are brought into a storage place, or the storage place and a container are not clean and harmful insects are attached. During the storage period, once the conditions of the environmental temperature, humidity, moisture and the like are proper, the eggs of the insects hatch, the moths grow and develop, and the medicinal materials begin to be eaten.

The development and spreading degree of the Chinese medicinal material storage pests are different according to the temperature in the warehouse, the relative humidity of air and the components and the water content of the medicinal materials. The temperature suitable for the growth and development of the stored pests is usually 16-35 ℃, the relative humidity is above 70% in the temperature range, and the water content of the medicinal materials is above 13%, so that the propagation of the pests can be promoted. The main moth larvae of the Indian meal moth in the storage period of the coltsfoot flowers are warmth-loving pests, the optimum temperature for growth and development is 24-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70-80%.

The flower bud of coltsfoot is different from other flowering plants, and the flower bud is formed at the neck of the underground root and completes the growth and development. The harvesting season of Gansu flos Farfarae is 10-11 months per year, digging out whole plant when the flower bud is not broken, picking off flower bud, drying in the shade at ventilated place, sieving to remove silt when the flower bud is half-dried, removing flower stalk, and air drying to a storable dryness. As the formation of the coltsfoot flower buds is finished underground, the buds can inevitably carry insect eggs when growing and developing and even picking, which is a precondition for causing the insects to grow.

Another reason for the coltsfoot peanut is to provide proper growth and development conditions such as nutrition, temperature, humidity and the like for pests. Flos Farfarae contains rutin, quercetin, tussilagone, tussilagol and cellulose as main components, and also contains a small amount of protein, saccharide and other substances which are favored by pests, so that the flos Farfarae is easy to live. If the honey is roasted, nutrients such as sugar are artificially added, and the moth is more easily caused. In 7-9 months, the temperature and humidity of the storehouse are often suitable for the breeding of pests, which is the environmental condition of the coltsfoot.

The particularity of the processing technology of honey coltsfoot is another important reason for the storage moth. In the processes of picking, airing and honey moxibustion of coltsfoot, if high-temperature baking or stir-frying moxibustion is adopted, the high temperature can cause decomposition and damage of functional components. The winter honey moxibustion method comprises taking refined honey, diluting with appropriate amount of boiled water, pouring into clean flos Farfarae, stirring, moistening, placing into a stir-frying container, heating with slow fire, stir-frying to slight yellow color, and taking out and cooling. In the operation process, as the refined honey is diluted by adding boiled water and is poured in, and heated by slow fire, worm eggs cannot be completely killed, so that the processed medicinal materials are usually stored in a warehouse and then are subjected to worm generation under proper external conditions. In practice, the finished honey coltsfoot product is extremely easy to moth, and can be eaten into slag powder in the period of 7-9 months, so that the medicinal and economic values are lost, and the loss is extremely large.

(III) major problems to be solved in the storage of flos Farfarae

Firstly, the storage cost of the coltsfoot flower is reduced. Modern storage technologies such as a cold storage, an air conditioned cold storage and the like need to construct a professional cold storage and be equipped with corresponding refrigeration equipment, so that the operation energy consumption is high, the medicinal material storage cost is high, and the method is difficult to popularize in scattered farmers, farmer cooperative agencies, medium and small vendors and small processing enterprises. Therefore, the storage technology with low cost and easy operation is found through technical innovation, and is a need for healthy development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

Secondly, the problem that the quality of the dispersed storage of the coltsfoot flower is difficult to ensure is solved.

In the whole process from planting to medicine chest, dispersed farmers, farmer cooperative companies, medium and small vendors, small processing enterprises and the like are indispensable participants and also important depositors, and the stored medicinal materials account for more than 60 percent of the total annual output. The problems of moth eating and mildew during storage are mostly present in the hands of these dispersed depositors. Through technical innovation, a low-cost and high-efficiency storage technology suitable for scattered storage persons is found, the problem of moth in scattered storage is solved, and the medication safety of the traditional Chinese medicine is ensured from the source.

Thirdly, the problem of sulfur smoking of coltsfoot flower is solved. Excessive sulfur smoking of Chinese medicinal materials has become a toxic tumor in the development of traditional Chinese medicines. The problems of excessive sulfur smoking of traditional Chinese medicinal materials including flos farfarae and the like mainly occur in the circulation link of small and medium vendors. Through technical innovation, a low-cost and high-efficiency storage technology is found, the Chinese medicinal material sulfur is prevented from being smoked from the source, and the quality and the curative effect of the Chinese medicinal material are ensured.

Reference documents:

1. chinese medicinal materials, including Chinese medicinal materials, in 1982 and 02 rd stage

2. Always bear east, junk, store up the condition of the insects and solution of honey coltsfoot flower.

3. The formula of the traditional Chinese medicine is strong, the formula is beautiful, the formula is Baijiabao, the formula is Hanjia, the formula is Wangchun.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention designs a storage technology of a modified atmosphere bag for dried flos farfarae products. Combining the characteristics of the flos farfarae medicinal material, and using a simple plastic bag as an air-conditioning bag; the nitrogen gas produced by the small-sized mobile tire nitrogen machine is purified by a nitrogen purifier and then is filled into a gas regulating bag filled with coltsfoot flower. The invention solves the problem of high cost of nitrogen in the storage of the tussilago farfara modified atmosphere bag, and is a modified atmosphere bag storage method with low cost and easy operation.

Basic principle

The basic principle on which the invention is based is: in nature, air contains about 21% of oxygen and 78% of nitrogen. The stored pests are aerobic pests, the stored pests can not grow and develop normally without oxygen, and the oxygen concentration in the air is about 21 percent. If the concentration of oxygen in the storage environment of the coltsfoot flowers is artificially reduced, the pests cannot normally grow and develop, so that the aim of preventing and treating the storage pests is fulfilled. However, the conventional controlled atmosphere storage method has high investment for construction and operation of a controlled atmosphere storage warehouse, small controllability of oxygen concentration in a bag due to reduction of a gas regulator, or complicated operation, and is difficult to popularize among dispersed storage persons.

The invention provides a sealed environment with a self-made plastic film bag, the medicinal materials are filled in the bag, nitrogen with the purity of 99 percent is manually filled in the bag, most of oxygen among gaps of the medicinal materials in the bag is replaced, and worm eggs attached to the medicinal materials can not be hatched due to lack of oxygen; and the hatched larvae die due to lack of oxygen, so that the medicinal materials are prevented from being damaged by worms, and the aim of safe storage is fulfilled.

The invention provides a nitrogen source by using a small mobile automobile tire nitrogen machine. At present, the small-sized mobile nitrogen machine is mainly applied to charging nitrogen into car tires, and reports of application to the field of storage of traditional Chinese medicinal materials are not found. In order to ensure that the purity of the prepared nitrogen can meet the requirement of food-grade high-purity nitrogen, a nitrogen purifier (glass fiber and glass wool with different precisions are used as filter elements) is additionally arranged at the output end of the nitrogen. The prepared nitrogen is purified again, and the food grade nitrogen with the purity of 99 percent is used as a nitrogen source for storing the modified atmosphere bag. The nitrogen machine and the purifier have the complete cost of about 2300 yuan, can be bought in Taobao, Jingdong and the like, have small volume, are movable, have the weight less than 60 kilograms, have low energy consumption, are easy to operate, have strong controllability, and greatly reduce the storage cost of the air-conditioned bag.

(II) basic operation

(1) Nitrogen preparation machine

The nitrogen is prepared by a small-sized mobile automobile tire nitrogen machine. In order to ensure that the purity of the prepared nitrogen can meet the requirement of food-grade high-purity nitrogen, a nitrogen purifier (glass fiber and glass wool with different precisions are used as filter elements) is arranged at the output end of the nitrogen, the purity of the output nitrogen can reach 99 percent, and the nitrogen reaches the food-grade high-purity nitrogen. Each set (the front end of the nitrogen-containing machine uses a pressure pump and a rear end nitrogen purifier) is sold with 2300 yuan, a 220V power supply is used, the operation is simple, the size is small, the weight is less than 60 kilograms, the movement is convenient, and the nitrogen-containing machine can be purchased from Taobao, Jingdong, Ali, etc. Because a small-sized movable nitrogen machine is adopted for preparing nitrogen, the nitrogen can be moved at any time by a trolley, and the medicine reserves such as farmers are dispersed, and 10 households can purchase 1 set of nitrogen for alternate use; for those with large medicinal material reserves, such as farmer cooperative can purchase 1 set of the medicinal materials.

(2) Preparation of medicinal materials

And airing the coltsfoot flowers to be stored till the coltsfoot flowers are completely dried. According to different grades, the tea is respectively packed by paper boxes or hemp bags. The high-grade coltsfoot flowers are separately packaged by a paper box, and the length, the width and the height of the paper box are as follows: 40 is multiplied by 30 cm, 2 round holes with the diameter of 1 cm are reserved on each side surface of the carton, and each carton is filled with about 5 kilograms of coltsfoot buds; low-grade or general goods are packaged in gunny bags with the specification of 60 multiplied by 100 cm, and each gunny bag is 15 kg. The action of subpackaging the coltsfoot flower is light, and the phenomenon that the scales outside the flower buds fall or are crushed to influence the quality is avoided by turning over with hands as much as possible.

(3) Storage place

Houses which are level with the ground or higher than the ground are selected as warehouses and are dried and ventilated. The wall is preferably a cement plaster to prevent external rats from biting through the plastic bag during storage. The house volume can be large or small, and is determined according to the size of the stored medicinal materials. The room with poor ventilation such as basement should not be used, so as to prevent the excessive nitrogen from causing the low oxygen concentration in the room and causing the injury and death of operators!

(4) Making plastic bags

The double-layer cylindrical plastic film with the thickness of 0.1 mm is selected, the width of the double layers is 2-5 m, the length is 5-7 m, and enough toughness is required. One end of the selected double-layer cylindrical plastic film is tied by a rope, and the other end is propped open, so that a large-volume plastic bag is formed, the circumference of the bag is 4-10 meters, and the height of the bag is about 4 meters. When the bottom of the plastic bag is fastened, a first plastic pipe (hard and free from peculiar smell) with the diameter of about 1 cm is inserted from the bottom of the plastic bag, and the opening of the plastic pipe is directly communicated with the center of the bottom to be used as an air inlet pipe for filling nitrogen.

(5) Loading into medicinal materials

And orderly stacking the paper boxes or the hemp bags filled with the medicinal materials into the plastic bag layer by layer. A gap of 1 cm is reserved between the front and the back of the adjacent cartons, and 5 layers are stacked. If the coltsfoot flower is subpackaged by gunny bags, 3 layers are flatly stacked, and the number of the layers is not suitable to be large, so that coltsfoot flower is prevented from being crushed.

(6) Sealing bag mouth

After the plastic bag is filled, the bag opening is tied by a string. Before the bag mouth is tightened, a second rigid plastic pipe is inserted into the bag mouth to serve as an exhaust pipe, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the outside (outside the warehouse).

At this moment, 2 rigid plastic pipes are inserted into the large plastic bag filled with the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the first rigid plastic pipe is an air inlet pipe filled with nitrogen, and the pipe orifice is directly communicated with the bottom of the bag; and the pipe orifice of the second exhaust pipe is positioned at the bag opening.

(7) Charging nitrogen gas

The hard air inlet pipe of the plastic bag is connected to a nitrogen outlet of a purifier at the rear end of the nitrogen machine by a flexible plastic pipe. And opening a nitrogen machine, filling nitrogen into the plastic bag, and exhausting the air in the bag to the outside from an exhaust pipe.

After continuously charging nitrogen for 5-10 minutes, closing the nitrogen machine, and fastening the mouths of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe by using a string.

Then, the plastic bag is filled with nitrogen once every 10 days. The time of each aeration is 5-10 minutes.

The concentration of oxygen required by normal growth and development of pests is 21%. In the storage process, the breeding of pests can be completely inhibited as long as the oxygen concentration in the plastic bag is controlled below 10 percent for a long time.

(8) Season of use

The temperature suitable for hatching, growing and developing the eggs of the coltsfoot flower moths is generally 16-35 ℃. The northern province is suitable for the temperature range of growth and development of the moths, generally appears in the period from noon to mid-autumn festival, is a season with high moth outbreak during storage, and needs to be stored by filling nitrogen. In other seasons, the temperature is low, the incidence rate of the moth is low, and the moth can be stored at normal temperature without filling nitrogen.

(9) Other items

In the storage process, the mouse is prevented from biting the plastic bag. When the plastic bag is damaged, the plastic adhesive tape is used for bonding the laceration in time to prevent the air leakage of the bag laceration.

Drawings

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the storage of dried flos Farfarae product by filling nitrogen into an anti-moth modified atmosphere bag. In the figure, the nitrogen machine is a small-sized mobile automobile tire nitrogen machine, and nitrogen is prepared by the nitrogen machine. The purifier (which takes glass fiber and glass wool with different precisions as a filter element) is arranged at the rear end of the nitrogen machine. The No. 1-3 plastic bag is stacked with a paper box filled with coltsfoot flowers; a gap of 1 cm is reserved between the front and the back of the adjacent paper boxes, and 2 round holes with the diameter of 1 cm are reserved on each side face of each paper box, so that the circulation of air inside and outside the paper boxes is facilitated. The nitrogen purified by the purifier is firstly input from the bottom of the No. 1 plastic bag and output from the top of the No. 1 plastic bag, and then sequentially enters the No. 2 and No. 3 plastic bags. The nitrogen gas output from the plastic bag No. 3 is communicated in series to the next bag or to the outside of the chamber (warehouse).

Detailed Description