阅读说明：本技术 一种湿垃圾处理装置及方法 (Wet garbage treatment device and method ) 是由 陈桂林 于 2019-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种湿垃圾处理装置及方法,其通过粉碎造粒单元对待处理湿垃圾进行切碎并进行脱水造粒；再通过干燥集料单元收集并干燥粉碎造粒单元产生的颗粒物；所述干燥集料单元还对收集的颗粒物投放生物消化菌种,将收集的颗粒物培养成生物菌肥料。本发明减少了湿垃圾清理工作量的70％以上,完全实现垃圾源头治理和资源化利用,大大提高了工作效率,并杜绝二次污染。(The invention discloses a wet garbage treatment device and a method, wherein wet garbage to be treated is chopped and dehydrated and granulated by a crushing and granulating unit; then collecting, drying, crushing and granulating the particles generated by the granulating unit through a drying and collecting unit; the dry aggregate unit also puts biological digestion strains into the collected particles, and cultures the collected particles into biological bacteria fertilizer. The invention reduces the work load of wet garbage cleaning by more than 70 percent, completely realizes garbage source treatment and resource utilization, greatly improves the working efficiency and avoids secondary pollution.)

1. A wet waste management device, comprising:

the crushing and granulating unit is used for crushing wet garbage to be treated and dehydrating and granulating the wet garbage;

a dry aggregate unit which collects and dries the particulate matter generated by the crushing granulation unit; the dry aggregate unit also puts biological digestion strains into the collected particles, and cultures the collected particles into biological bacteria fertilizer.

2. The wet waste management device of claim 1 further comprising a wet waste collection container in communication with the feed inlet of the comminution and granulation unit.

3. The wet garbage disposal device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said pulverizing and granulating unit comprises a cutting structure, a dewatering mechanism, a filtering net and a water collector, said cutting structure cuts up the wet garbage to be disposed and feeds the cut-up wet garbage to the dewatering mechanism, said dewatering mechanism dewaters and granulates the cut-up wet garbage, and feeds the resulting granules to the dry-aggregate unit; the filter screen is matched with the dehydration mechanism and/or the cutting structure to filter the wastewater generated by the dehydration mechanism and/or the cutting structure; the water collector is matched with the filter screen to collect the filtered wastewater.

4. The wet waste management device of claim 3 wherein the water collector is in communication with the wet waste collection container via a conduit and a control valve; or/and the water collector is communicated with a sewer pipeline.

5. The wet refuse treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that said dry aggregate unit comprises:

a box body;

the containing box is arranged in the box body and used for collecting the particulate matters generated by the crushing and granulating unit;

the stirring component is used for stirring the particles in the containing box;

the heating assembly is used for heating and drying the particles in the containing box;

the biological bacteria adder is internally pre-provided with biological digestive strains and can put the biological digestive strains into the containing box;

the controller is connected with the biological bacteria adder, the stirring assembly and the heating assembly in a control mode.

6. The wet refuse treatment plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the stirring assembly is provided with cutting means.

7. The wet garbage disposal device of claim 5, wherein the dry aggregate unit further comprises a purification assembly, wherein the purification assembly cooperates with the storage box to perform a purification operation within the storage box and discharge the generated exhaust gas into a sewer pipe or the outside.

8. The wet refuse treatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that the dry aggregate unit further comprises a metering assembly cooperating with the container for metering the collected matter in the container.

9. A wet waste treatment process, comprising:

chopping wet garbage to be treated, dehydrating and granulating;

collecting and drying the particles produced by granulation, putting biological digestion strains into the collected particles, and culturing the collected particles into a biological bacteria fertilizer.

10. A wet waste treatment process according to claim 9 wherein the waste gas produced during the drying of the particulate material and/or the cultivation of the biological bacterial manure is subjected to a cleaning treatment.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of garbage treatment, in particular to a wet garbage treatment scheme.

Background

The disposal of waste emissions has had a serious impact on human life. The currently pushed garbage classification method in China mainly comprises four major categories of dry garbage, wet garbage, recoverable garbage and harmful garbage. Among them, the wet garbage is most likely to cause environmental pollution and is nausea.

The existing wet garbage treatment device has high cost and low efficiency and is easy to cause secondary pollution. When household kitchen waste is treated, two methods are generally adopted:

(1) the waste water is recovered at fixed points and then is treated by an urban garbage treatment system, the whole process needs a large amount of manpower and material resources, and secondary pollution to the surrounding environment also exists;

(2) crushing the waste by a household garbage processor to discharge the crushed waste into a municipal sewage treatment system; when the existing household garbage disposer crushes garbage, tap water needs to be continuously turned on in the whole process, and a large amount of tap water needs to be wasted in the whole process; and the crushed garbage is directly discharged into the urban sewage pipeline, so that the treatment pressure of the urban sewage treatment system is greatly increased.

Therefore, the problem to be solved in the art is to provide an energy-saving and environment-friendly wet garbage disposal scheme.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the problems of the prior wet garbage disposal schemes, the present invention provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly wet garbage disposal apparatus, and further provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly wet garbage disposal method, so as to overcome the problems of the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wet garbage disposal apparatus comprising:

the crushing and granulating unit is used for crushing wet garbage to be treated and dehydrating and granulating the wet garbage;

a dry aggregate unit which collects and dries the particulate matter generated by the crushing granulation unit; the dry aggregate unit also puts biological digestion strains into the collected particles, and cultures the collected particles into biological bacteria fertilizer.

Furthermore, the wet garbage treatment device also comprises a wet garbage collection container, and the wet garbage collection container is communicated with the feed inlet of the crushing and granulating unit.

Furthermore, the crushing and granulating unit comprises a cutting structure, a dewatering mechanism, a filter screen and a water collector, wherein the cutting structure is used for cutting wet garbage to be treated and sending the cut wet garbage into the dewatering mechanism, the dewatering mechanism is used for dewatering and granulating the cut wet garbage, and the generated particles are sent into the dry aggregate unit; the filter screen is matched with the dehydration mechanism and/or the cutting structure to filter the wastewater generated by the dehydration mechanism and/or the cutting structure; the water collector is matched with the filter screen to collect the filtered wastewater.

Further, the water collector is communicated with the wet garbage collection container through a pipeline and a control valve.

Further, the water collector is communicated with a sewer pipeline.

Further, the dry aggregate unit includes:

a box body;

the containing box is arranged in the box body and used for collecting the particulate matters generated by the crushing and granulating unit;

the stirring component is used for stirring the particles in the containing box;

the heating assembly is used for heating and drying the particles in the containing box;

the biological bacteria adder is internally pre-provided with biological digestive strains and can put the biological digestive strains into the containing box;

the controller is connected with the biological bacteria adder, the stirring assembly and the heating assembly in a control mode.

Further, a cutting device is arranged on the stirring assembly.

Furthermore, the dry aggregate unit also comprises a purification assembly, wherein the purification assembly is matched with the containing box to purify the containing box and discharge the generated waste gas into a sewer pipe or the outside.

Furthermore, the dry aggregate unit also comprises a metering component, and the metering component is matched with the containing box to meter the objects collected in the containing box.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wet garbage disposal method comprising:

chopping wet garbage to be treated, dehydrating and granulating;

collecting and drying the particles produced by granulation, putting biological digestion strains into the collected particles, and culturing the collected particles into a biological bacteria fertilizer.

Further, the waste gas generated in the process of drying the particles and/or culturing the biological bacterial manure is purified.

The wet garbage disposal scheme provided by the invention can effectively reduce the cleaning workload of wet garbage by more than 70%, completely realize garbage source treatment and resource utilization, greatly improve the working efficiency and avoid secondary pollution.

Moreover, the wet garbage treatment scheme provided by the invention is finally based on biological digestion, is non-toxic and harmless, and only discharges CO in the whole process₂And H₂And the product is a high-grade biological bacterial fertilizer, so that a real pollution-free and green treatment scheme is realized.

In addition, the wet garbage treatment scheme provided by the invention can also recycle reclaimed water generated in the wet garbage cleaning treatment process and recycle the dewatered garbage as resources, so that the cost is greatly saved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a wet garbage disposal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a dry aggregate unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a storage box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an application example of the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.

The embodiment is used for treating the wet garbage generated by the family, and the embodiment biologically treats and recovers the wet garbage generated by the family, so that the pure green treatment with no toxicity, no harm and zero pollution emission is realized.

Specifically, in the embodiment, wet garbage generated by a household is firstly chopped, dehydrated and granulated, then the collected and granulated particles are dried, biological digestive bacteria are put into the collected particles, and the collected particles are cultured into biological bacteria fertilizer. The produced biological bacterial fertilizer can be used in household or sold to generate certain economic value.

Moreover, the waste water generated in the process of dehydrating and granulating the wet garbage is filtered and recovered, the reclaimed water generated by filtering and recovering can be recycled (for example, the reclaimed water is used for assisting the wet garbage to be chopped) or discharged into a sewer pipeline, and the reclaimed water can be directly discharged into the sewer pipeline without increasing the treatment pressure of the municipal sewage treatment system due to the filtering treatment.

In addition, the waste gas generated in the process of drying the particles and/or culturing the biological bacterial fertilizer is purified, wherein the purification treatment comprises deodorization, dehumidification, ventilation and the like, and the purified waste gas can be directly discharged into a sewer pipeline or outdoors without causing secondary pollution to the surrounding environment.

Referring to fig. 1, there is shown an example of the composition of a wet garbage disposal apparatus formed in the present example based on the above-described principle.

As can be seen from the figure, the wet garbage disposal device is mainly formed by organically combining a wet garbage collection container 100, a crushing and granulating unit 200 and a dry aggregate unit 300.

The wet garbage disposal device having such a configuration is compact in overall structure, can be placed under the sink 400 of a kitchen, communicates with the drain/discharge port of the sink 400, and is used for disposing, recovering and storing wet garbage flowing out of the hopper.

Specifically, the wet garbage collecting container 100 may be a sealing device, the top end of which is provided with a first feeding hole 120, the bottom end of which is provided with a first discharging hole 130, and the first feeding hole 120 is communicated with the discharging hole of the water tank 400, so as to pre-store the wet garbage to be treated, and send the wet garbage to the pulverizing and granulating unit 200 for treatment after reaching a certain amount, so as to reduce energy consumption.

Further, in this embodiment, a valve 110 may be disposed at the first inlet 120 of the container 100, so that the first inlet of the container 100 is sealed to prevent the odor from being discharged through the outlet to the upper side of the water tank 400.

The crushing and granulating unit 200 in the treatment device is arranged below the container 100, the feed inlet is communicated with the first discharge hole 110 of the container 100, the container 100 can discharge wet garbage stored in the container into the crushing and granulating unit 200, and the crushing and granulating unit 200 can crush the wet garbage discharged from the container 100 and extrude, dewater and granulate the crushed wet garbage, so as to separate moisture in the wet garbage and discharge or recycle the separated reclaimed water; meanwhile, the particles formed by dehydration and granulation are conveyed into a dry aggregate unit 300.

For example, the pulverizing and granulating unit 200 herein specifically includes a sealed box 210, a second inlet 211 is provided at the top of the sealed box 210, the second inlet 211 is communicated with the first outlet 130 of the container 100, and the wet garbage in the container 100 flows into the sealed box 210 through the second inlet 211.

Inside the sealed box 210 are provided a cutting mechanism 220, a dehydration mechanism 230, and a filter screen 240.

A cutting structure 220 is provided opposite to and below the second feeding port 211 for cutting the wet garbage flowing into the hermetic container 210 into smaller pieces.

The material that this cutting structure 220 can cut has included all wet rubbish, and the size after the cutting is different with traditional smashing, has remain certain yardstick, preferred 3mm to 5mm to ensure that the water strainer can not be blockked up, do not produce tiny powdery thing and flow into the sewer.

The specific structure of the cutting structure 220 may be determined according to actual requirements, as long as the above functions can be achieved, and is not limited herein.

The dehydration mechanism 230 is arranged relative to the cutting structure 220, and the feed inlet of the dehydration mechanism is matched with the discharge outlet of the cutting structure 220, so that the fragments cut by the cutting structure 220 can directly enter the dehydration mechanism 230, and the dehydration mechanism 230 can dehydrate the fragments, thereby separating the reclaimed water in the fragments and extruding and granulating the dehydrated wet garbage fragments to form dry particles.

Preferably, the present dewatering mechanism 230 may adopt a screw extrusion structure 230, and the screw extrusion structure 230 implements dewatering and granulation through screw extrusion, and may specifically include a motor and a rotating shaft, wherein the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and a helical baffle is disposed on the rotating shaft.

The screw extrusion structure 230 may be of other structures, and only the crushed pieces are subjected to screw extrusion, dehydration and granulation.

The filter screen 240 is integrally arranged below the cutting structure 220 and/or the spiral extrusion structure 230 and is used for filtering reclaimed water generated in the cutting structure 220 and/or the spiral extrusion structure 230 and avoiding pollution caused by the fact that garbage leaves the cutting structure 220 and/or the spiral extrusion structure 230 in the treatment process.

The specific structure of the filter screen 240 may be determined according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the lower portion of the sealed box 210 serves as a water collector in the granulation unit for collecting the reclaimed water filtered by the filter screen 240.

The corresponding second discharge port 212 is arranged at the position where the discharge ports of the sealed box body 210 and the screw extrusion structure 230 are corresponding, the second discharge port 212 is communicated with the discharge port of the screw extrusion structure 230, and the fragments extruded by the screw extrusion structure 230 can be discharged into the dry aggregate unit 300 through the second discharge port.

Furthermore, a valve is arranged on the second feeding hole of the crushing and granulating unit 200, the valve is linked with the cutting structure 220 and/or the spiral extrusion structure 230, and only when the valve is closed, the cutting structure 220 and/or the spiral extrusion structure 230 can work, so that the safety is improved.

For the reclaimed water collected in the sealed case 210, the present example is provided with a water outlet 213 at the bottom of the sealed case 210 so that the reclaimed water flowing into the bottom of the sealed case 210 can be discharged through the water outlet.

Specifically, the water outlet 213 is connected to the sewer through a first pipeline 214, and a corresponding control valve is disposed on the first pipeline 214 to control the reclaimed water collected at the bottom of the sealed box 210 to flow into the sewer.

Further, the present embodiment is further provided with a corresponding overflow hole 215 on the sealed box 210, so that when the sealed box 210 has excessive moisture, the water can overflow through the overflow hole, thereby preventing the excessive moisture in the sealed box 210 from affecting the operation of the cutting structure 220 and the screw extrusion structure 230.

Specifically, the overflow hole 215 is directly connected to the sewage through the second pipe 216, so that the excessive amount of the reclaimed water collected at the bottom of the sealed case 210 can flow through the overflow hole 215 and the second pipe 216 to the sewage.

The bottom of the sealed box 210 is communicated with the container 100 through a third pipeline 217, so that the reclaimed water collected at the bottom of the sealed box 210 can be recycled and can be used for assisting the cutting structure 220 to cut.

As shown in the figure, one end of the third pipeline 217 is communicated with the bottom of the sealed box 210, the other end is communicated with the container 100, and meanwhile, the switch valve 218 is arranged on the third pipeline 253, so that when the moisture in the container 100 is too low, the reclaimed water in the sealed box 210 can flow into the container 100 again through the third pipeline 217 to assist the cutting structure 220 to perform cutting, thereby realizing recycling and saving resources.

The dry aggregate unit 300 in the scheme is used for stirring and heating semi-dry granular garbage after being crushed and granulated by the crushing and granulating unit 200, so that residual moisture in the dry garbage is removed, no moisture exists in the garbage after exerting force, corresponding bio-digestion strains are put into the collected granular garbage, and the collected particulate matters are cultured into biological bacterial fertilizer.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the dry collecting unit 300 integrally includes a sealed outer box 310, a receiving box 320, a stirring assembly 330, a heating assembly 340, a purifying device 350, a biological bacteria adder 360 and a corresponding controller.

The outer case 310 may provide a closed space for installing other constituent elements to achieve the compactness and operational stability of the entire dry aggregate unit 300 constituent structure.

In order to facilitate the granular garbage formed by the pulverizing and granulating unit 200 to smoothly enter the storage box 320 inside the outer box 310, the outer box 310 is further provided with a corresponding input port and an opened upper cover, and the specific structure thereof is not limited herein and may be determined according to actual requirements.

The storage box 320 is disposed in the outer case 310 and collects the granulated garbage formed by the grinding and granulating unit 200.

For the convenience of subsequent operations, the storage box 320 is preferably built in the outer box 310 in the form of a drawer so as to be taken out of the outer box 310 for convenience and clarity.

Meanwhile, a third feeding port is formed at the top of the storage box 310, and the granular garbage after passing through the pulverizing and granulating unit 200 can flow into the storage box 310 through the third feeding port.

In addition, a third discharge port may be provided at the bottom of the storage box 310 as required, so as to discharge the dry garbage after stirring and drying or the biological bacterial manure formed after culturing.

The stirring assembly 330 is disposed in the storage box 310 and is used for rotationally stirring the granular garbage entering the storage box 310 so as to rapidly dry the garbage and complete the mixing of the biological bacteria.

By way of example, the stirring assembly 330 preferably includes a stepping motor 331, the stepping motor 331 is disposed at the bottom of the storage box 310, a stirring shaft 332 is disposed on the stepping motor 331, and a corresponding stirring blade 333 is disposed on the stirring shaft 332, so that the stepping motor 331 drives the stirring shaft 332 to rotate, and the stirring shaft 332 synchronously drives the stirring blade 333, thereby realizing stirring rotation of the granular garbage falling into the storage box 310.

In view of the need to further simplify the mechanism, serrations may be provided on the stirring vane 333 to form a circumferential cut.

In addition, a cutting device may be provided on the bottom stirring blade as needed, so that the dry aggregate unit 300 or the storage box 310 does not need to be matched with the grinding and granulating unit 200, and the purpose of independent use can be achieved.

Here, the structure of the stirring assembly 330 is not limited to this, and other components may be used as needed.

The heating unit 340 is correspondingly disposed in the storage box 310, and heats and dries the granular garbage entering the storage box 310, so that the granular garbage collected in the storage box 310 is kept in a dry state.

The heating unit 340 maintains the temperature inside the storage box 310 at a constant temperature as necessary.

In addition, the specific structure of the heating element 340 may be determined according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.

The purification device 350 of the present device is used for purifying air in the storage box 310 and can discharge generated exhaust gas into a sewer pipe or the outside.

In order to cooperate with the purification apparatus 350, an air inlet 321 is provided at the bottom of one side of the storage box 320, and an air outlet 322 is provided at the top of the other side of the storage box 320.

The purification device 350 is connected to the storage box 310 through the air inlet 311 and the air outlet 312, respectively, to perform purification operations such as deodorization, dehumidification, and ventilation on the interior of the storage box 310.

The purification apparatus 350 may be installed directly on the storage box 310 or may be installed on the outer case 310.

In order to facilitate the removal of the rear housing box 310 with respect to the outer box 310, the purification apparatus 350 is preferably provided on the outer box 310 in this example.

As shown in fig. 2, the purification apparatus 350 in this example is mainly constituted by a fan 351 and a plasma purifier 352 in cooperation. The specific configuration thereof may be determined according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.

The purification device 350 can directly discharge the generated waste gas to a sewer or outdoors, thereby avoiding the influence of indoor air. Furthermore, since the generated exhaust gas is purified by the plasma purifier 352, it does not cause any pollution to the outdoor environment.

The bio-fungus adder 360 in the dry aggregate unit 300 is used for pre-placing bio-digestive bacteria in the bio-digestive bacteria adder, and can put the bio-digestive bacteria in the storage box 310.

The biological bacteria adder 360 may be provided directly on the storage box 310 or may be provided on the outer case 310. In order to facilitate the removal of the rear housing box 310 from the outer box 310, the biological bacteria feeder 360 is preferably provided on the outer box 310.

The biological fungus adder 360 thus provided can put the pre-placed bio-digestant species into the storage box 310 according to a set requirement by control or automatic operation. The bio-digestion bacteria introduced into the storage box 310 are fully mixed with the granular garbage collected in the storage box 310 under the stirring of the stirring component 330; then under the cooperation of heating element 340 and purifier 350 for the degree of drying of graininess rubbish in containing box 310, temperature and humidity in containing box 310 keep the predetermined value within range, make the activity of biological digestion bacterial reach the biggest, then carry out biological reaction to the rubbish in containing box 310 in order to form high-grade biological fungus fertilizer, have very high market value, whole process does not produce any harmful substance simultaneously.

The specific structure of the biological bacteria adder 360 may be determined according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.

In addition, the storage box 310 may be further provided with a pressure sensor as needed, and the pressure sensor may automatically measure the weight of the dry garbage in the storage box 310, so as to automatically calculate the recycling value or notify the user of the emptying of the storage box 310.

The controller in the drying and collecting unit 300 is connected with the biological bacteria adder, the stirring assembly and the heating assembly in a control and coordination manner, and is used for controlling and coordinating the biological bacteria adder, the stirring assembly and the heating assembly to rapidly dry and complete the mixing of the biological bacteria and efficiently purify the storage box 310.

The controller can be formed in various forms such as a corresponding control chip, a PLC and the like, and the control mode can be a wired mode, a wireless mode, a local operation or a remote operation.

In addition, when the wet garbage treatment device with the structure is applied, the containing box 310 can be connected with hot air generated in family life and used for drying the particulate garbage in the containing box 310, so that the heat energy can be recovered, the heat utilization rate is greatly increased, the waste is avoided, the resources are saved, and the use cost is reduced.

Referring to fig. 4, a specific application example of the wet waste management device solution given in this example is shown.

As can be seen from the figure, in the present embodiment, the above-mentioned pulverizing and granulating unit 200 and the dry aggregate unit 300 are directly placed in a box 500, rollers are disposed at the bottom of the box 500, a feed inlet 510 is disposed at the top of the box 500, the feed inlet 510 is directly inserted into the kitchen table 600, and an induction cover 610 is disposed on the feed inlet 510, so that the garbage on the kitchen table 600 can directly fall into the pulverizing and granulating unit 200 to be pulverized and extrude the pulverized wet garbage, thereby separating the moisture in the wet garbage, discharging or recycling the separated reclaimed water, dehydrating and extruding the garbage into granular garbage, discharging the granular garbage into the dry aggregate unit 300, drying, purifying, putting in bio-digestive bacteria to cultivate, and converting the garbage into high-grade bio-bacterial fertilizer.

In addition, a water purifier 520 is further provided in the case 500, water separated from the pulverizing and granulating unit 200 may flow down to the water purifier 520 for purification, and a drain outlet 521 is provided in the water purifier 520 to facilitate direct use of the purified water.

Furthermore, a controller 700 may be disposed in the box 500, and the controller 700 may control the operations of the pulverizing and granulating unit 200 and the drying and collecting unit 300, respectively, for convenience of operation.

Thus, when the box 500 is needed to be used, the box 500 can be moved to the corresponding kitchen table 600, and the feed port 510 is inserted into the kitchen table 600, and when the box is not needed to be used, the box 500 only needs to be directly moved away from the kitchen table 600, which is very convenient.

Meanwhile, the separate use of the dry aggregate unit 300 may also achieve a processing function.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.