阅读说明：本技术 一种免追分蘖、返青肥的小麦基肥及其施用方法 (Wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root fertilizer and application method thereof ) 是由 宁运旺 王磊 张永春 殷广德 王绪奎 张辉 朱德进 黄卉 汪吉东 于 2019-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种免追分蘖、返青肥的小麦基肥及其施用方法,以质量份数计,基肥包括氮肥24~30份,磷肥8~12份,钾肥6~10份,锌肥2~4份,氮肥增效剂1~2份,其中氮磷钾总质量份数不低于48份。施用本发明基肥,小麦可免追分蘖、返青肥,只在拔节期追肥一次即可。本发明设计符合小麦养分需求规律,在免追分蘖、返青肥前提下,基肥可满足小麦养分临界期(分蘖期)的养分需求,促进冬前分蘖；拔节肥可满足小麦养分最大效率期(拔节孕穗期)的养分需求,避免脱肥早衰；因而具有稳定的肥料效果。本发明有效解决了小麦营养生长期施肥过于频密导致化肥过量投入的问题,可在化肥用量减少24.3~31.2%条件下,保持产量略增,氮肥回收率、农学效率、偏生产力和种植效益均明显提高。(The invention discloses a wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root fertilizer and an application method thereof, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 24-30 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 8-12 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 6-10 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 2-4 parts of a zinc fertilizer and 1-2 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist in parts by mass, and the total mass part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not lower than 48 parts. By applying the base fertilizer, the wheat can be free from additional tillering and striking, and the additional fertilization can be carried out only once in the jointing stage. The design of the invention accords with the nutrient requirement rule of wheat, and the base fertilizer can meet the nutrient requirement of the critical stage (tillering stage) of the wheat nutrient and promote tillering before winter on the premise of no additional tillering and striking fertilizer; the node-pulling fertilizer can meet the nutrient requirement of the maximum efficiency period (node-pulling booting period) of the wheat nutrients, and the premature senility of the fertilizer is avoided; thus having a stable fertilizer effect. The invention effectively solves the problem of excessive fertilizer input caused by too frequent fertilization in the vegetative growth period of wheat, can keep the yield slightly increased under the condition that the fertilizer dosage is reduced by 24.3-31.2%, and obviously improves the recovery rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the agricultural efficiency, the partial productivity and the planting benefit.)

1. A wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root fertilizer is characterized in that: the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24-30 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 8-12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 6-10 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-4 parts of zinc fertilizer and 1-2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass part of the nitrogenous, phosphate and potash fertilizer is not lower than 48 parts.

2. The wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is medium-grain or large-grain urea containing 46.0% of N, and the phosphate fertilizer is 18.0% of N and contains P₂O₅Granular diammonium phosphate with the content of 48.0 percent and P₂O₅14.0% of granular superphosphate, containing P₂O₅45.0% by weight of granular superphosphate or P-containing₂O₅One or more of 14.0 percent of granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and K-containing potassium fertilizer₂Granular potassium chloride with the O content of 60.0 percent, agricultural granular zinc sulfate with the Zn content of 25.0-33.0 percent as a zinc fertilizer, and dicyandiamide as a nitrogen fertilizer synergist.

3. The preparation method of the wheat base fertilizer as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein the raw materials are put into a stirrer together, stirred for 6-8 minutes at a rotation speed of 10 rpm, fully mixed, measured and packaged.

4. The method for applying a wheat base fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the base fertilizer is applied before wheat seeding and mixed with soil for soil preparation, or is deeply applied by a seed and fertilizer co-seeding machine after soil preparation and during wheat seeding, or is directly applied by a multifunctional seed and fertilizer co-seeding machine without tillage to perform operations such as furrowing, fertilizing, seeding, rotary tillage, covering and pressing at one time.

5. The application method of the wheat base fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the high-fertility soil base fertilizer accounts for 70% of the total amount, the medium-fertility soil accounts for 65% and the low-fertility soil accounts for 60% of the total amount of the fertilizer based on the mass of pure nitrogen.

6. The application method of the wheat base fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the base fertilizer is additionally fertilized once in the jointing stage after being applied, and the additional fertilization in the jointing stage is ordinary urea.

7. The application method of the wheat base fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein before the wheat base fertilizer is applied, previous crop harvesting, straw returning and soil preparation are carried out.

8. The wheat base fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the base fertilizer formula comprises 28 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of potash fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc fertilizer and 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass part of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 48 parts.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers and fertilizers, in particular to a wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root and an application method thereof.

Background

Wheat is an important food crop in China, and the whole growth period comprises 3 periods, wherein the vegetative growth period is from sowing and seedling emergence to jointing, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth parallel period is from jointing to heading, and the reproductive growth period is from heading to maturity. The vegetative growth period of wheat is about three months (generally from late 11 months to middle and late 2 months of the next year), but the overwintering period (about 2 months) when the growth is basically in a standstill is removed, and the time for meeting the growth conditions of wheat and the fertilizer to act in the vegetative growth period is only about 1 month. In this period, besides the base fertilizer, farmers also apply the tillering fertilizer and the striking root fertilizer in turn, namely the wheat is applied 3 times in the vegetative growth period, and the interval time of each application is only about 10 days. Research shows that although increasing the fertilization times under the same fertilization amount is beneficial to improving the fertilizer effect, the fertilizer dosage in the actual production always increases rapidly along with the increase of the fertilization times and becomes a main factor of excessive wheat fertilizer input^[1](ii) a Meanwhile, the additional fertilization is difficult to mechanically operate, and the fertilization labor cost is increased due to frequent fertilization; more importantly, due to the hysteresis effect of the fertilizer efficiency after the fertilizer is applied to the soil, the frequent fertilization in the period is easy to cause fertilizer loss and waste, and the fertilizer efficiency is reduced.

At present, a solution to the above problems is to apply a slow/controlled release fertilizer as a base fertilizer at one time. The one-time fertilization has a plurality of stable yields due to the outstanding labor-saving characteristic,Increase in yield has been reported and related patent publications have been published^[2]. The basic principle of one-time fertilizer application is to produce a controlled-release controlled fertilizer by means of coating and the like, so that the nutrient release of the controlled-release controlled fertilizer is synchronous with the regulation of the nutrient requirement of crops. The wheat has 2 nutrient absorption peaks after seedling emergence, namely, about 35 to 45 percent of nutrients (mainly provided by base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and striking root fertilizer) are absorbed in the vegetative growth period, and the nutrient absorption peak is a nutrient absorption critical period; secondly, in the period of jointing and booting, the nutrient (mainly provided by jointing fertilizer) which accounts for about 40-45% of the whole growth period is absorbed in the period of jointing and booting, and the period of maximum efficiency of nutrient absorption is the period of maximum nutrient absorption^[3]. Because of the influence of different regional climates and soil properties, the nutrient release of the slow-release and controlled-release fertilizer is often not matched with the nutrient requirement rule of crops, particularly, the growth period of wheat is long, the soil temperature change is large, the nutrient is easy to lose fertilizer and senilis in the maximum efficiency period, and the effect of one-time fertilization is not stable^[4-5]And has fresh application in production due to higher fertilizer price^[6]。

Therefore, aiming at excessive fertilizer input and waste, increased labor cost, instability of one-time fertilization effect and higher fertilizer cost caused by multiple fertilization in the vegetative growth period of wheat, and meeting the needs of farmers for simplified and low-cost technologies, the performance and application method of the existing base fertilizer are urgently needed to be improved, so that the fertilizer requirement rule of wheat is met to meet the nutrient requirements of wheat in the key growth period and the fertilizer efficiency and planting benefit are improved on the premise of reducing fertilization times and fertilizer consumption and saving labor cost.

Reference documents:

[1] the current situation of wheat fertilizer input and influence factors of Jiangsu province are analyzed, namely Suzhou city and salt city, Jiangsu agricultural science, 2019, (15) 269-273.

[2] Zhao Hua, He Hai Yong, Yang Xin, etc. a field crop base application topdressing-free fertilizer CN 109608272A (application No. 201910103652.0).

[3] The method is characterized by replacing the new Jun, the Yangzhenping, the Lumei and the like, influencing nitrogen fertilizers with different forms and dosage thereof on the transport, yield and quality of nitrogen of strong gluten wheat [ J ], a plant nutrition and fertilizer academy, 2019,25(5): 710-720.

[4] Yiyifan, late sowing wheat in rice stubble, nitrogen application effect after spring and efficient nitrogen application mode research, Master thesis of Yangzhou university, 2016.

[5]Terry J R,Peter Q,Stephen G M,et al.No evidence for higheragronomic N use efficiency or lower nitrous oxide emissions from enhancedefficiency fertilizers in aerobic subtropical rice.Field Crops Research,2018,(225):47～54.

[6] Zhuweifeng, Lujuhui, Konhamei, and the like, the use condition and development suggestion of slow-controlled release fertilizer in 2015 Zhejiang province, Zhejiang agricultural science, 2017,58(11): 1873-1875,1880.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and a striking root fertilizer and an application method thereof, aiming at the problems of excessive fertilizer input and waste and increased labor cost caused by frequent fertilization in the vegetative growth period of wheat, and the problems of unstable effect, high fertilizer price and the like caused by the mismatching of a one-time fertilization technology adopting a slow-controlled release fertilizer and a fertilizer requirement rule of wheat, so that the fertilizer effect is stabilized, and the fertilizer efficiency and the planting benefit are improved while the fertilization times and the fertilizer input are reduced and the labor cost is saved.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 24-30 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 8-12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 6-10 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-4 parts of zinc fertilizer and 1-2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass part of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is not lower than 48 parts.

The wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root fertilizer comprises the following components: the nitrogen fertilizer is medium-grain or large-grain urea (containing N content of 46.0%), and the phosphate fertilizer is granular diammonium phosphate (containing N content of 18.0% and P content)₂O₅48.0%) granular superphosphate (containing P)₂O₅14.0 percent of the total weight of the calcium superphosphate (containing P)₂O₅45.0%) or granulated calcium magnesium phosphate (containing P)₂O₅14.0%) and potash fertilizer is granular potassium chloride (containing K)₂60.0 percent of O), 25.0 to 33.0 percent of agricultural granular zinc sulfate serving as zinc fertilizer and more than or equal to dicyandiamide serving as nitrogen fertilizer synergist99.5 percent), and can be specifically combined according to the fertilizer formula.

Preferably, the wheat base fertilizer comprises 28 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of potash fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc fertilizer and 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass part of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 48 parts.

The wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root is prepared by putting various raw materials into a stirrer together, stirring for 6-8 minutes at the rotating speed of 10 revolutions per minute, and feeding the obtained fertilizer into a metering package after fully and uniformly mixing.

The application method of the wheat base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the fertilizing mode is related to the fertilizing operation condition of farmers, can be spread before wheat seeding and combined with soil preparation to be mixed into soil, can also be deeply applied by a seed and fertilizer co-seeding machine after soil preparation and during wheat seeding, or can directly complete the operations of ditching, fertilizing, seeding, rotary tillage, covering, pressing and the like at one time by a multifunctional seed and fertilizer co-seeding machine without little tillage.

The application method of the wheat base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the fertilizing amount is related to the soil fertility (except for soil with weak water and fertilizer retention), and the base fertilizer accounts for 70% of the total amount of the high-fertility soil, 65% of the medium-fertility soil and 60% of the low-fertility soil in terms of pure nitrogen.

The application method of the wheat base fertilizer comprises the following steps: after the base fertilizer is applied, additional fertilizer is needed in the jointing stage, and the additional fertilizer in the jointing stage is common urea.

Furthermore, the method of the invention is implemented, namely before the wheat base fertilizer is applied, the steps of harvesting previous crops, returning straws to the field, preparing soil and the like are also needed.

Wherein: if the previous crops are rice, the specific requirements for harvesting comprise: cutting off water 15-20 days before harvesting rice, adopting a combine harvester with a straw chopping and uniformly throwing device, uniformly throwing the chopped straws on the field surface, wherein the chopped length of the straws is less than or equal to 10cm, and the average height of stubble left on the field surface is less than or equal to 15 cm. If the previous crop is corn, the specific requirements for harvesting the previous crop comprise: the corn combine harvester with the straw chopping and uniformly throwing device is adopted, the chopped straws are uniformly thrown on the field surface, the chopping length of the straws is less than or equal to 10cm, and the average stubble height of the field surface is less than or equal to 8 cm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) by applying the base fertilizer provided by the invention, wheat can be free from additional tillering and striking root fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is only applied once in the jointing stage.

(2) The wheat base fertilizer provided by the invention is designed according to the wheat nutrient demand rule and is formed by mixing common commercial fertilizer raw materials in the market according to the wheat nutrient demand rule aiming at the problems of excessive fertilizer input, waste and labor cost increase caused by frequent fertilization in the vegetative growth period of wheat, and unstable effect, high fertilizer price and the like caused by mismatching of a one-time fertilization technology adopting a slow-controlled release fertilizer and the wheat fertilizer demand rule.

(3) The wheat base fertilizer provided by the invention contains a high nitrogen fertilizer in parts by weight, and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is added, so that the requirement of wheat in a nutrient critical stage on fertilizer nutrients can be met under the condition of no need of additional tillering and striking, the high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer is kept in an ammonium nitrogen form for a long time in the nutritional health of the wheat, the tillering of the wheat before winter can be increased, and a foundation is laid for high and stable yield of the wheat.

(4) According to the wheat base fertilizer matched application method provided by the invention, the jointing fertilizer is applied in the jointing and booting stage of wheat, the requirement of wheat on fertilizer nutrients in the nutrient maximum efficiency stage can be met, the early senescence of the wheat due to fertilizer removal in the later growth stage is prevented, and the high and stable yield of wheat is guaranteed.

(5) Years of multi-region test demonstration show that the wheat base fertilizer free of additional tillering and striking root fertilizer can stabilize the wheat yield, improve the fertilizer efficiency and the planting benefit while reducing the fertilizer input, has stable use effect in different regions, and provides a scientific, light and simplified effective solution for reducing the application and improving the efficiency of the wheat fertilizer.

Detailed Description

The following examples are detailed descriptions of the implementation of the present invention, and the detailed implementation and specific operation are based on the technical solution of the present invention, and should not limit the present invention detailed in the claims.