阅读说明：本技术 一种无过渡金属催化稠油改质降粘方法 (Transition metal-free catalytic thickened oil modification and viscosity reduction method ) 是由 顾雪凡 张花妮 董三宝 陈刚 张洁 于 2019-11-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种无过渡金属催化稠油改质降粘方法。所述方法包括：第一步,在反应容釜中加入质量比为1:1-20的低碳醇和稠油；第二步,向上述混合物中加入总质量0.5-10％的催化剂；第三步,将反应釜密闭后搅拌加热至180-300℃,保持2-24小时,冷却至室温；第四步,开启反应釜,倒出稠油,即得到粘度降低的稠油。(The invention relates to a transition metal-free catalysis thickened oil modification and viscosity reduction method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding low-carbon alcohol and thickened oil in a mass ratio of 1:1-20 into a reaction vessel; secondly, adding a catalyst with the total mass of 0.5-10% into the mixture; thirdly, sealing the reaction kettle, stirring and heating to 180-300 ℃, keeping for 2-24 hours, and cooling to room temperature; and fourthly, opening the reaction kettle, and pouring out the thickened oil to obtain the thickened oil with reduced viscosity.)

1. A transition metal-free catalytic thickened oil modifying and viscosity reducing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) adding low-carbon alcohol and thickened oil in a mass ratio of 1:1-20 into a reaction vessel;

2) adding a catalyst in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by mass of the total to the mixture;

3) sealing the reaction kettle, stirring and heating to 180-300 ℃, keeping for 2-24 hours, and cooling to room temperature;

4) and opening the reaction kettle, and pouring out the thickened oil to obtain the thickened oil with reduced viscosity.

2. The transition metal-free catalytic thickened oil upgrading and viscosity reducing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower alcohol is selected from one or more of industrial methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, glycerol, n-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol.

3. The transition metal-free catalytic thickened oil upgrading and viscosity reducing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the catalyst is selected from one or more of montmorillonite, kaolin, illite, hydrotalcite and zeolite with industrial grade and above purity.

4. The transition metal-free catalytic thickened oil upgrading and viscosity reducing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the viscosity of the thick oil is measured by adopting the method specified by SY-T7549-2000, and the viscosity of the thick oil is reduced by more than 80%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of viscosity reduction treatment of thick oil, in particular to a transition metal-free catalysis thick oil modification and viscosity reduction method.

Background

China has rich and widely distributed thick oil resources, more than 70 heavy oil fields are found in 12 basins, and the predicted resource amount can reach 300 multiplied by 10⁸t is more than 15 percent of the total reserves of petroleum in China. However, the thick oil has high viscosity and poor fluidity, and has more difficulty in mining, high cost and high technical requirement. The common methods for exploiting the thick oil include thin oil mixing, hot water flooding, steam swallowing and spitting, steam flooding, emulsification viscosity reduction, thick oil modification viscosity reduction and the like, wherein the thick oil in-situ catalytic cracking/degradation modification is a new technology which is concerned at home and abroad in recent years. The thick oil is in a catalytic system by implementing the technologyThe action reduces the reaction activation energy, and the partial cracking reaction is carried out with the water, so that the heavy component in the thick oil is cracked into a light component, the thick oil which is not cracked is diluted, the viscosity of the thick oil is irreversibly reduced, the quality of the crude oil can be improved, and the pressure and the energy of a steam pressure oil layer of the crude oil are increased due to the reduction of the molecular weight of the thick oil. At present, the technology is gradually applied, and the country also carries out scale tests in Liaohe oil field, Nanyang oil field and the like, but the core catalytic system in the technology is oil-soluble transition metal salt (such as nickel oleate, nickel naphthenate and the like), the oil-soluble transition metal salt is injected into a stratum through an oil-based slug at first, then steam is injected to heat and crack the thick oil, the construction process is complex, and the thick oil cracking can be effectively catalyzed generally at about 250-300 ℃. In addition, the addition of oil soluble metal salts, particularly nickel salts, results in severe impairment of crude oil quality, placing a burden on subsequent crude oil processing. Therefore, there is a need to develop a transition metal-free catalysis thick oil pyrolysis viscosity reduction method while preventing the increase of metal ion content in crude oil. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a reaction system which does not use metal or metal ions as a catalyst, has low reaction temperature and high viscosity reduction efficiency.

Montmorillonite, kaolin, illite, hydrotalcite, zeolite and other main components are composite oxides, contain rich acid-base active centers, are insoluble in oil and water, do not pollute crude oil before and after reaction, and do not increase burden on the subsequent crude oil processing process. Based on the active center of the catalyst, small molecular alcohol with medium grade and certain reducibility is selected, acid-base active center activated alcohol is used for supplying active hydrogen, and the active hydrogen reacts with heavy components in the heavy oil and is converted into light components; meanwhile, high-polarity components in the thickened oil can be extracted into alcohol, the polarity of the crude oil is reduced, and the viscosity reduction effect is macroscopically embodied by the synergistic effect of the high-polarity components and the alcohol.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a transition metal-free catalytic thickened oil modifying and viscosity reducing method, aiming at providing a clean thickened oil heat treatment viscosity reducing method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a transition metal-free catalytic thickened oil modifying and viscosity reducing method comprises the following steps:

firstly, adding low-carbon alcohol and thickened oil in a mass ratio of 1:1-20 into a reaction vessel, wherein the low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, glycerol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol and a mixture thereof with industrial grade or higher purity;

secondly, adding a catalyst with the total mass of 0.5-10% into the mixture, wherein the catalyst is montmorillonite, kaolin, illite, hydrotalcite, zeolite and a mixture thereof with the purity of industrial grade and above;

thirdly, sealing the reaction kettle, stirring and heating to 180-300 ℃, keeping for 2-24 hours, and cooling to room temperature;

and fourthly, opening the reaction kettle, and pouring out the thickened oil to obtain the thickened oil with reduced viscosity.

After the treatment, the viscosity of the thick oil is measured by adopting the method specified by SY-T7549-2000, and the viscosity of the thick oil can be reduced by more than 80 percent.

Examples

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that the method described in the examples is only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and that simple modifications of the preparation method of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention are within the scope of the claimed invention.