阅读说明：本技术 一种搪瓷钢板加工工艺 (Processing technology of enameled steel plate ) 是由 王鲁 于 2018-08-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种搪瓷钢板加工工艺,其包括提供1.6mm~2.0mm的冷轧钢板,通过在冷轧钢板的其中一面静电喷涂底釉与面釉,然后在喷涂彩色面釉,美观装饰,提高耐用清洁性能,同时在其背面粘黏硅酸钙板或者蜂窝铝板的背衬板,加强稳定,进行表面的艺术表现,适应不同审美,耐刮擦,耐候性强,耐酸碱性,易于清洁,阳光直射下,颜色不改变。(The invention discloses a processing technology of an enameled steel plate, which comprises the steps of providing a cold-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 1.6-2.0 mm, electrostatically spraying a ground coat and a cover coat on one surface of the cold-rolled steel plate, then spraying a colored cover coat, beautifying, decorating, improving the durability and the cleaning performance, adhering a backing plate of a calcium silicate plate or a honeycomb aluminum plate on the back surface of the cold-rolled steel plate, strengthening the stability, performing artistic expression on the surface, adapting to different aesthetics, resisting scraping, having strong weather resistance, resisting acid and alkali, being easy to clean, and keeping the color unchanged under direct sunlight.)

1. A processing technology of an enameled pressed steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step a, providing a cold-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 1.6 mm-2.0 mm, wherein the chemical component content of the cold-rolled steel plate is not more than 0.008% of C, not more than 0.03% of Si, not more than 0.3% of Mn, not more than 0.01% of P and not more than 0.02% of S;

b, cutting, bending, polishing, cleaning, drying and inspecting to ensure that the surface is smooth;

step c, enamel pretreatment, namely treating the surface of the cold-rolled steel plate by using a fuel oil pickling method, an alkali degreasing method, an acid pickling degreasing method, an electrochemical degreasing method, a nickel immersion method or a combination thereof;

d, electrostatically spraying a base glaze with the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm and a first cover glaze with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm on the enamel dry powder, and firing at the high temperature of above 850 ℃;

e, spraying 0.12-0.18 mm of second colored overglaze, and firing at a high temperature of more than 800 ℃;

and f, compounding a calcium silicate plate or a honeycomb aluminum plate on one surface of the cold-rolled steel plate by using epoxy resin, forming, boxing and warehousing.

2. The process for manufacturing enameled steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the ground glaze, the first overglaze and the second colored overglaze all have ore material and chemical material, the ore material is selected from quartz, feldspar, clay, fluorite, manganese powder, iron-rich rutile or any combination; the chemical raw materials are selected from borax, boric acid, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium carbonate, citric acid, urea or any combination.

3. The process for manufacturing enameled steel sheet according to claim 2, wherein the glaze slip of the ground coat contains 0.25kg of potassium carbonate, 0.3kg of sodium carbonate, 0.25kg of potassium chloride, 0.3kg of sodium chloride, 0.2kg of sodium nitrite, 0.15kg of potassium chlorate and 0.05-0.15 kg of sodium chlorate per 100kg of glaze slip.

4. The process for manufacturing enameled steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the second colored overglaze is made of pigment mixed solvent, and the pigment is obtained by milling and mixing minerals of different colors, drying, pulverizing and sieving, calcining, coarse crushing, ball milling, water washing and drying, pulverizing, sieving, and color matching; the solvent is obtained by dry mixing, melting and quenching or rolling and drying.

5. The process for manufacturing enameled steel sheets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step d comprises enameling the ground glaze first, and the ground glaze is fired by trimming, drying, rolling, placing, and sintering; then, the first surface glaze is enameled, and the first surface glaze is sintered through edge cleaning, drying, printing, edge rolling, shelf placing and surface glaze.

6. The process for working enameled steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the oil-pickling process comprises oil-pickling, acid-pickling, water-washing, neutralizing, drying; the alkali degreasing method comprises degreasing, washing, alkali leaching and drying; the pickling degreasing method comprises pickling degreasing, washing, neutralizing and drying; the electrochemical degreasing method comprises electrochemical degreasing, water washing, alkaline leaching and drying; the nickel leaching method comprises degreasing, acid pickling, water washing, nickel leaching, neutralizing and drying.

7. The process for manufacturing enamelled steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein said cold-rolled steel sheet has a yield point not higher than 280MPa, a tensile strength of 306MPa and an elongation of not lower than 40%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of interior and exterior wall decorative plates, and particularly relates to a processing technology of an enameled pressed steel.

Background

The curtain wall is the outer wall enclosure of the building, does not bear the weight, hangs like a curtain, so is also called as a curtain wall, and is a light wall with decorative effect commonly used by modern large-scale and high-rise buildings. Comprising a panel and a support structure system. At present, the decorative curtain wall is provided with a simple aluminum veneer, the quality is light, the heat conduction is realized, the decoration is lower, and an inner and outer wall decorative plate with colored drawing and enamel is lacked.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a process for manufacturing an enameled steel sheet, wherein a plurality of layers of glaze slips are sprayed on one surface of a cold-rolled steel sheet, so as to achieve aesthetic decoration and improve durability and cleanness, and a backing sheet of a calcium silicate sheet or a honeycomb aluminum sheet is adhered to the back surface of the cold-rolled steel sheet, so as to enhance stability and avoid the trouble of singleness and no novelty in the past.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a processing technology of an enameled steel sheet, which comprises the following steps of a, providing a cold-rolled steel sheet with the thickness of 1.6 mm-2.0 mm, wherein the cold-rolled steel sheet comprises the chemical components of no more than 0.008% of C, no more than 0.03% of Si, no more than 0.3% of Mn, no more than 0.01% of P and no more than 0.02% of S;

b, cutting, bending, polishing, cleaning, drying and inspecting to ensure that the surface is smooth;

step c, enamel pretreatment, namely treating the surface of the cold-rolled steel plate by using a fuel oil pickling method, an alkali degreasing method, an acid pickling degreasing method, an electrochemical degreasing method, a nickel immersion method or a combination thereof;

d, electrostatically spraying a base glaze with the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm and a first cover glaze with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm on the enamel dry powder, and firing at the high temperature of above 850 ℃;

e, spraying 0.12-0.18 mm of second colored overglaze, and firing at a high temperature of more than 800 ℃;

and f, compounding a calcium silicate plate or a honeycomb aluminum plate on one surface of the cold-rolled steel plate by using epoxy resin, forming, boxing and warehousing.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ground glaze, the first overglaze and the second colored overglaze all have ore raw material and chemical raw material, and the ore raw material is selected from quartz, feldspar, clay, fluorite, manganese powder, iron-rich rutile or any combination; the chemical raw materials are selected from borax, boric acid, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium carbonate, citric acid, urea or any combination.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the glaze slip of the ground glaze comprises 0.25kg of potassium carbonate, 0.3kg of sodium carbonate, 0.25kg of potassium chloride, 0.3kg of sodium chloride, 0.2kg of sodium nitrite, 0.15kg of potassium chlorate and 0.05 to 0.15kg of sodium chlorate per 100kg of the glaze slip.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second colored overglaze is prepared from a pigment mixed solvent, wherein the pigment is obtained by finely mixing, drying, pulverizing and sieving, calcining, coarsely pulverizing, ball-milling, washing and drying, pulverizing, sieving, and color-matching minerals of different colors; the solvent is obtained by dry mixing, melting and quenching or rolling and drying.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step d, the ground glaze is first enameled, and the ground glaze is fired through edge cleaning, drying, edge rolling, shelf placing and ground glaze firing; then, the first surface glaze is enameled, and the first surface glaze is sintered through edge cleaning, drying, printing, edge rolling, shelf placing and surface glaze.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the oil-burning acid-washing method comprises oil-burning, acid-washing, water-washing, neutralizing, and drying; the alkali degreasing method comprises degreasing, washing, alkali leaching and drying; the acid pickling degreasing method comprises acid pickling degreasing. Washing, neutralizing and drying; the electrochemical degreasing method comprises electrochemical degreasing, water washing, alkaline leaching and drying; the nickel leaching method comprises degreasing, acid pickling, water washing, nickel leaching, neutralizing and drying.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cold-rolled steel sheet has a yield point of 280MPa or less, a tensile strength of 306MPa, and an elongation of 40% or more.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:

1) through the multilayer glaze slip of spraying at one side of cold-rolled steel sheet, pleasing to the eye decoration, resistant scraping, weatherability is strong, acid and alkali resistance, easily clean, under the direct sunlight, the colour does not change.

2) The back surface is adhered with a backing plate of a calcium silicate plate or a honeycomb aluminum plate, so that the stability is enhanced and the installation is convenient.

3) The second colored glaze performs artistic expression on the surface and is suitable for different aesthetics.

4) The hardness of the enamel is improved by enamel treatment, and the enamel is higher than steel and lower than jewels and is more durable.

Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.

Detailed Description

The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.

The invention discloses a processing technology of an enameled pressed steel, which comprises the following steps:

step a, providing a cold-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 1.6 mm-2.0 mm, wherein the chemical component content of the cold-rolled steel plate is not more than 0.008% of C, not more than 0.03% of Si, not more than 0.3% of Mn, not more than 0.01% of P and not more than 0.02% of S;

b, cutting, bending, polishing, cleaning, drying and inspecting to ensure that the surface is smooth;

step c, enamel pretreatment, namely treating the surface of the cold-rolled steel plate or the combination of the cold-rolled steel plate by using a fuel oil pickling method, an alkali degreasing method, an acid pickling degreasing method, an electrochemical degreasing method or a nickel immersion method;

d, electrostatically spraying a base glaze with the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm and a first cover glaze with the thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm on the enamel dry powder, and firing at the high temperature of above 850 ℃;

e, spraying 0.12-0.18 mm of second colored overglaze, and firing at a high temperature of more than 800 ℃;

and f, compounding a calcium silicate plate or a honeycomb aluminum plate on one surface of the cold-rolled steel plate by using epoxy resin, forming, boxing and warehousing.

In the step a, the enameled steel plate is required to adopt a special zero-carbon cold-rolled steel plate, except sufficient iron, the carbon content of the enameled steel plate is not more than 0.008 percent because the content of the steel plate determines enameling property and machining property, the general content of the steel plate is less than 0.19 percent, the carbon content of the steel plate for daily use and sanitary ware is less than 0.1 percent, and the best steel plate is ultra-low carbon steel (zero-carbon steel) with the content of less than 0.01 percent, the general carbon content of the enamel is 0.12-0.19 percent, the lower carbon content of the steel can increase the plasticity and toughness of the steel plate, the cold stamping, welding and other properties of the steel plate can be improved, and the. The carbon content is high and the formability is generally poor. The iron blank is repeatedly processed at the room temperature of about 900 ℃ for many times, and carbon in steel has violent chemical and physical reactions with oxygen, water vapor and water in porcelain glaze in a furnace pit gas: namely, cementite or pearlite decomposes and precipitates free carbon C + O2 → CO2+ CO; c +2H2O → CO2+2H 2. These gases are abundant in the enamel layer, causing the enamel layer to fail in adherence, pinholes to the surface of the enamel layer, some of them to form cells larger than 0.1MM, and some of them to cause fish scaling. Therefore, it is preferable that the carbon content is set to not more than 0.008% in the embodiment of the present invention.

Silicon in an amount not exceeding 0.03% increases the strength of the steel and adjusts the coefficient of expansion, while too high an amount reduces not only the toughness and ductility of the steel but also the adherence of the enamel to the steel. The cold rolled sheet is generally 0.01 to 0.04%, and preferably not more than 0.03% in the present invention.

The presence of a certain amount of manganese in the steel increases the toughness of the steel, gives the steel sheet good punching properties, and it also combines with sulphur into manganese sulphide, which is stable at the enameling temperatures, eliminating part of the harmful SO2 gas.

The sulfur and phosphorus are harmful elements, which increase the brittleness of the steel to deteriorate the processing performance, and simultaneously form SO2 which is unfavorable for a porcelain layer, and the excessive content of the sulfur and the phosphorus easily forms segregation and increases inclusion to reduce the surface quality of the steel, and generally the content is controlled to be less than 0.04%. The present invention preferably does not exceed 0.01% P, and does not exceed 0.02% S.

The final formed cold-rolled steel sheet has yield point of 280MPa or less, tensile strength of 306MPa or more, elongation of 40% or more, good mechanical properties and regular later-stage enamel.

In addition, the general base blank of stainless steel enamel is pre-oxidized before enameling to increase the spreading of the enamel on the surface of stainless steel under the sintering temperature and increase the adhesion strength of the stainless steel enamel. The present invention is not described herein in detail.

After the formed cold-rolled steel plate is cut into a shape with a specification by a punch press, the surface is ensured to be smooth by polishing, and the cold-rolled steel plate can be cleaned and then enters an enamel stage.

Before enamel, the surface of cold-rolled steel plate can be treated by using oil-burning acid pickling method, alkali degreasing method, acid pickling degreasing method, electrochemical degreasing method, nickel dipping method or their combination, namely the surface treatment of blank body can be realized. Specifically, the oil burning and acid washing method comprises oil burning, acid washing, water washing, neutralization and drying; the alkali degreasing method comprises degreasing, washing, alkali leaching and drying; the acid pickling degreasing method comprises acid pickling degreasing. Washing, neutralizing and drying; the electrochemical degreasing method comprises electrochemical degreasing, water washing, alkaline leaching and drying; the nickel leaching method comprises degreasing, acid pickling, water washing, nickel leaching, neutralizing and drying. The method has multiple modes, and a cost-adaptive method is selected according to needs, so that the method is convenient and efficient.

And d, after the pretreatment is finished, entering the step d, realizing the electrostatic spraying of the ground glaze and the first overglaze, continuously spraying the second colored overglaze after high-temperature firing, matching with patterns, rendering the art, and being beautiful and beautiful.

The ground glaze, the first surface glaze and the second colored surface glaze are all selected from non-polar vitreous materials and have ore raw materials and chemical raw materials, and the ore raw materials are selected from quartz, feldspar, clay, fluorite, manganese powder, iron-rich rutile or any combination; the chemical raw materials are selected from borax, boric acid, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium carbonate, citric acid, urea or any combination.

In detail, the main types of quartz include vein quartz, quartz sand, quartz sandstone, quartzite, amorphous silica (including opal raw material and diatomite). Quartz has a small amount of impurities, which are harmful as Fe2O3, and should be controlled below 0.5%. The refractoriness of quartz depends on the state of SiO2 and the content of impurities. The quartz starting material for the enamel is required to have as high a SiO2 content as possible, with as few impurities as possible. In addition, the quartz is used in a large amount, the SO2 content in the quartz is generally required to be more than 99%, the content of Fe2O3 in the white enamel is controlled to be less than 0.2%, the content of light-color enamel is not more than 0.3%, and the ground enamel is not required to be controlled, SO that the quartz is beneficial to the adhesion. If the quartz contains Cr2O3 and V2O3, it is not suitable for producing titanium white glaze, especially if the Cr2O3 content is very small (0.02% Cr), it is enough to dye the white titanium glaze into yellowish color. The determination of the iron content of the quartz is that the quartz is calcined at the temperature higher than 900 ℃, if the quartz is yellow, the iron content is high, and if the quartz is white, the size of the quartz with low iron content is controlled to be 0.25-0.5MM, and if a 40-100 mesh sieve is adopted for grinding the quartz used for the ground glaze slurry, the quartz is required to pass through a 200-mesh sieve. Sometimes, the ground quartz is used after being calcined, so that the ground quartz can reach enough fineness when being used for grinding the glaze slip, and the gas quantity generated in the sintering process can be reduced. The water content of quartz for batching is generally controlled to be 2-10%, and the quartz contains a proper amount of water, so that batching dust can be reduced, and melting is facilitated.

The feldspar is alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicate, mainly including albite, potassium feldspar, anorthite and celsian. These feldspars are mixed and melted with each other. Potash feldspar or albite is a common raw material for enamel, and potassium feldspar is used most frequently, and is a raw material for introducing SiO2, AL2O3, K2O and Na2O into the enamel. The content of Fe2O3 in feldspar used for manufacturing white enamel is controlled below 0.3%, the content of light-colored enamel is preferably not more than 0.5%, and the fineness of the feldspar is generally controlled at 100-200 meshes. The amount of feldspar introduced can be determined by the content of AL2O3 in the chemical composition of the formula, and the feldspar can also be used as a grinding regulator of the ground coat.

The clay is a hydrous aluminum silicate mineral, and the main chemical components of the clay are SiO2, AL2O3 and crystal water. The particles are relatively fine and generally do not exceed 2um in diameter. The crystal is mostly in a plate shape or a fiber shape, and the clay mainly plays a role in suspending and bonding in the glaze slip.

Fluorite is also called fluorite, transparent and glass lustrous fluorite is a mineral raw material for introducing CaF2 into the porcelain glaze, is a weak opacifier of the porcelain glaze and can strengthen the opacifying action of strong opacifiers such as Sb2O3, SnO and the like. The viscosity reducing agent is a good fluxing raw material, can obviously reduce the viscosity of an enamel melt, and has the viscosity reducing effect of CaF2 twice that of NaF which is stronger than Na2O under the condition of the same concentration. Fluorite is widely used in various enamels such as ground glaze, overglaze edge glaze and fancy glaze, but rarely used in titanium overglaze. The content of fluorite CaF2 used in enamel industry is generally required to be more than 80%, and the content of Fe2O3 of fluorite used for producing white enamel is generally controlled within 0.5%.

Manganese powder and the iron-rich rutile supplement manganese and titanium respectively, enhance chemical stability and can be added according to cost.

Borax, also called sodium tetraborate, in chemical raw materials is easy to weathering and agglomerate in dry air, slightly soluble in cold water, easily soluble in hot water, slightly soluble in ethanol water solution, alkaline, and heating to lose water to form anhydrous borax, which is an important raw material for manufacturing borate enamel. It has excellent fluxing action, can lower the softening temperature, viscosity, surface tension and expansion coefficient of the porcelain glaze, can raise the glossiness of the porcelain glaze, has the physical property of melting metal oxide, and is favorable for coloring and adhering the coloring agent. In general, the borax is used in a large amount in titanium glaze and fancy glaze, and the borax is used in a small amount in antimony glaze and acid-proof porcelain glaze which need to keep the milky white degree. The regulating agent of the ground glaze slurry can be used for grinding or enameling, and the borax can influence the luster of the porcelain glaze when the contents of main impurities sodium sulfate and sodium chloride are excessive, and sometimes can cause the bubble defects of products, so the impurities are controlled.

Boric acid, white slightly pearly light scale-like crystal powder, has greasy and slippery feeling. Can be prepared from mineral of boron anhydride or borax, is expensive and is not used generally.

Sodium nitrate, also known as nitratine or chilisant, is a strong oxidant in the process of melting the enamel, is a raw material for introducing a flux Na2O, can provide oxygen in the process of melting the enamel to oxidize certain metal (metal oxide) and prevent reduction reaction in the melting process, and when metal antimony is used in the enamel, the mass ratio of antimony to sodium nitrate is preferably 1: 1.3-1.4.

Potassium nitrate, also known as potassium nitrate, is similar to sodium nitrate, is also a strong oxidant in the process of melting enamel, and is also a raw material for introducing a fluxing agent K2O. The oxidizing agent and the potassium oxide are generally added into the formula (because of higher price), for example, potassium nitrate is used for replacing sodium nitrate, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate is 1.2 times of that of the sodium nitrate.

Barium nitrate, also known as barium nitrate, is toxic, soluble in water, insoluble in barium nitrate in ethanol, and is both an oxidant and a raw material for introducing BaO as a flux. The barium oxide generated after the barium nitrate is decomposed enters into the network gaps of the porcelain glaze, so that the toxicity of the porcelain glaze is greatly reduced, the matt glaze can be prepared by using a large amount of barium nitrate and matching with corresponding grinding additives, and the industrial purity of the matt glaze is more than 98%.

The soda ash can introduce components such as SiO2, A12O3, Na2O, K2O and the like, and can form more and complex eutectic mixtures, thereby reducing the melting temperature of porcelain glaze (with the same composition) batch, and enhancing the chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the glaze.

Citric acid is a thickener of the glaze slip, and can obviously reduce the consistency of the glaze slip.

Urea is a glaze slip regulator commonly used in surface glaze slips, can increase the strength of a powder layer of a surface glaze powder blank, reduce the defect of blank holding fingerprints in the transfer process of the powder blank, and simultaneously can also reduce the defects of edge rolling, watermark pulling, powder lines, black points, burning shrinkage and the like. The dosage of the glaze slip is controlled within 1 percent, and the excess can reduce the physical and chemical properties (luster, acid resistance, temperature shock resistance, impact resistance and the like) of the product and cause the defects of the boiling of the porcelain surface and the like. Urea cannot be used in a bright red glaze slip because it darkens the color of a bright red glaze.

Each 100kg of the glaze slip of the ground coat contains 0.25kg of potassium carbonate, 0.3kg of sodium carbonate, 0.25kg of potassium chloride, 0.3kg of sodium chloride, 0.2kg of sodium nitrite, 0.15kg of potassium chlorate and 0.05-0.15 kg of sodium chlorate.

Potassium carbonate is a titanium glaze retention agent, and excessive colored glaze can cause edge rolling watermark, yellowing and severe boiling. The sodium carbonate solves the defects of pockmarks on the ground glaze layer, elastic points on the surface glaze layer and small black points, and the poor retention of glaze slip is caused by excessive amount. Potassium chloride is a titanium glaze retention agent and can increase the strength of powder blank, and the excessive amount can affect the luster of the porcelain surface. The sodium chloride is used for overglaze, can increase the strength of powder blank, reduce black spots and black lines at the lower edge, and influence the luster of the porcelain surface when excessive. The potassium chlorate solves the problems of poor drying of the ground glaze powder blank, yellow rust spots generated, and edge rolling watermark, foaming or boiling easily caused by excessive amount. Sodium chlorate solves the boiling point of a titanium glaze layer, excessive sodium chlorate can reduce the luster and cause the edge water mark to boil, and a product rolling the red edge glaze is less added so as to avoid influencing the color of the edge glaze to become dark.

The second colored overglaze is prepared from a pigment mixed solvent, the pigment is prepared by a dry method and a wet method, water is not added during grinding in the dry method, water is added during grinding in the wet method, and other procedures are the same. The preparation method is generally a wet method, and the mineral with different colors is obtained by grinding, mixing, drying, crushing, sieving, calcining, coarse crushing, ball milling, washing, drying, crushing, sieving and color matching of minerals with different colors because the wet method has better grinding efficiency and mixing effect. The solvent is obtained by dry mixing, melting, quenching or flaking and drying. And finally, weighing the two materials, mixing, ball-milling, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the product.

In addition, in the step d, the enameling firing process firstly enamels the ground glaze, and the ground glaze is fired through edge cleaning, drying, edge rolling, shelf placing and ground glaze firing; then, the first overglaze is enameled, and the first overglaze is sintered through edge cleaning, drying, printing, edge rolling and shelf swinging. The temperature is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and the point is low when the first surface glaze is enameled.

The back of the enameled steel plate after final enameling is compounded with a calcium silicate plate or a honeycomb aluminum plate by using epoxy resin, so that the enameled steel plate is convenient to mount and simultaneously absorbs shock and sound.

The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.