阅读说明：本技术 一种采用饱和蒸汽加热的生活垃圾焚烧余热锅炉蒸汽再热系统 (Steam reheating system of household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating ) 是由 焦学军 王若飞 白力 曹阳 黄洁 李建平 王延涛 袁晓辰 王友东 沈咏烈 于 2019-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明是一种通过提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽参数从而提高能源利用效率的蒸汽再热系统,包括余热锅炉、蒸汽再热器、汽水分离器、汽轮机高压缸和低压缸、凝汽器、除氧器、给水泵等主要组成部分。锅炉主蒸汽在汽轮机高压缸做功后进入汽水分离器,分出的饱和水回到汽包,饱和蒸汽进入蒸汽再热器并与来自汽包的饱和蒸汽进行热交换,再热后的过热蒸汽通入汽轮机低压缸做功。该系统不仅提高了垃圾焚烧炉的能源利用效率,还避免了蒸汽再热的管道腐蚀,提高了垃圾焚烧厂的设备稳定性和经济效益。(The invention relates to a steam reheating system for improving energy utilization efficiency by improving steam parameters of a garbage incinerator, which comprises main components of a waste heat boiler, a steam reheater, a steam-water separator, a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine, a condenser, a deaerator, a feed pump and the like. The main steam of the boiler enters a steam-water separator after acting in a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the separated saturated water returns to a steam drum, the saturated steam enters a steam reheater and exchanges heat with the saturated steam from the steam drum, and the reheated superheated steam is introduced into a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act. The system not only improves the energy utilization efficiency of the waste incinerator, but also avoids the corrosion of a steam reheating pipeline, and improves the equipment stability and the economic benefit of the waste incineration plant.)

1. A steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler heated by saturated steam is characterized in that main steam enters a steam-water separator after a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine does work, separated saturated water returns to a steam drum, the saturated steam enters a steam reheater to exchange heat with saturated steam from the steam drum, and reheated superheated steam is introduced into a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work.

2. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the waste heat boiler, heat generated by garbage incineration is absorbed by water through a heat exchanger; a part of saturated steam from the steam drum absorbs more energy in the superheater and becomes system main steam with high temperature and high pressure; the main steam is introduced into a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work through expansion; the other part of the saturated steam from the steam drum enters a steam heater; the steam-water mixture at the outlet of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine enters a steam-water separator;

in the steam-water separator, a steam-water mixture from an outlet of a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine is separated into saturated water and saturated steam, wherein the saturated steam enters a steam reheater;

in a steam reheater, saturated steam from a steam drum exchanges heat with saturated steam from a steam-water separator, the saturated steam from the steam-water separator absorbs heat from the saturated steam of the steam drum, the temperature and the pressure are increased to corresponding values, and the saturated steam becomes superheated steam and then enters a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine; in a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, superheated steam from a steam reheater expands to do work and generate power; the exhaust steam at the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine enters a condenser for condensation; in a steam reheater, saturated steam as a heating medium finally returns to a steam drum through a reflux pump to participate in the next steam-water cycle;

saturated water obtained by the steam-water separator enters a deaerator;

saturated water obtained by the condenser then enters a steam drum through a deaerator, a feed pump and an economizer to participate in the next steam-water circulation process.

3. The steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a steam reheater is adopted as a shell-and-tube heater, saturated steam from a steam drum is taken from a tube side of a steam heat exchanger as a heating medium, and return steam from an outlet of a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine is taken from a shell side for heating.

4. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a steam-water separator is adopted to separate the two-phase components of water and vapor discharged from the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine.

5. The steam reheating system of a domestic waste incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine are adopted, and the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder is used as the inlet steam of the low-pressure cylinder after being heated.

6. The steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pressure of reheating steam from the steam reheater is not lower than 1.4MPa, and the temperature is not lower than 320 ℃.

7. The steam reheating system of the household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating according to claim 2, wherein the Inconel625 overlaying welding protection is adopted for the upper portion of the first flue and the second flue of the waste heat boiler.

8. The steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main steam pressure from the waste heat boiler 1 is not lower than 13MPa, and the temperature is not lower than 440 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-steam-parameter household garbage incineration power generation system, which is characterized in that steam discharged from a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine is subjected to steam-water separation, then is heated by saturated steam from a steam drum in a steam reheater, and then enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work, so that the energy utilization efficiency of a garbage incinerator is improved, and meanwhile, the harm of high-temperature corrosion of the high-steam-parameter garbage incinerator is reduced.

Background

The incineration of the domestic garbage can make the urban domestic garbage harmless, quantitative-reduction and resource-utilization, and is an optimal scheme for solving the problem of the city surrounded by the garbage, so that the domestic garbage incineration is widely adopted. In China, domestic waste treatment subsidies and electricity sales are important income sources of waste incineration plants, and with the increasing degree of marketization of the industry, the waste treatment subsidies from governments are less and less, and the waste incineration plants are more and more dependent on the income of electricity sales, so that the improvement of the power generation efficiency is the primary task of a plurality of waste incineration plants.

The household garbage incinerator usually adopts main steam with the temperature and the pressure of 400 ℃ and 4MPa to generate electricity, but the steam parameters limit the energy utilization efficiency of the garbage incinerator. The power generation efficiency of the garbage incinerator adopting the parameters is generally 23%. In order to improve the power generation efficiency of the waste incinerator, in recent years, more and more waste incinerators increase the steam parameters to 450-485 ℃ and increase the steam pressure to improve the power generation efficiency by adding heat exchangers in the radiant heat transfer area of the boiler. However, due to the limitations of objective conditions such as high-temperature corrosion of the boiler, the requirement of dryness of the end blade of the steam turbine and the like, if the traditional mode is continuously adopted, the steam parameters cannot be further improved, so that the mode of reheating the steam can be adopted, and the overall thermal efficiency of the incineration plant can be improved under the condition of not increasing the steam temperature.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to further improve the power generation efficiency of the waste incinerator, the invention comprehensively adopts the modes of high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders of the steam turbine, steam-water separation of reheated steam, intermediate reheating of steam outside the incinerator, saturated steam heating and the like, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the waste incineration rate, and reduces the high-temperature corrosion of the boiler and the dryness limit of the last-stage blade of the steam turbine.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a steam reheating system of a household garbage incineration waste heat boiler heated by saturated steam is characterized in that main steam enters a steam-water separator after a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine does work, separated saturated water returns to a steam drum, the saturated steam enters a steam reheater to exchange heat with saturated steam from the steam drum, and reheated superheated steam is introduced into a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work.

Further, in the exhaust-heat boiler 1, heat generated by waste incineration is absorbed by water through a heat exchanger; a part of saturated steam from the steam drum 2 absorbs more energy in the superheater 12 and becomes system main steam with high temperature and high pressure; the main steam is introduced into a high-pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine to do work through expansion; another part of the saturated steam from the steam drum 2 enters the steam heater 4; the steam-water mixture at the outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 5 enters a steam-water separator 10;

in the steam-water separator 10, a steam-water mixture from an outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine is separated into saturated water and saturated steam, wherein the saturated steam enters the steam reheater 4;

in the steam reheater 4, the saturated steam from the steam drum 2 exchanges heat with the saturated steam from the steam-water separator 10, the saturated steam from the steam-water separator 10 absorbs heat from the saturated steam from the steam drum 2, the temperature and the pressure are increased to corresponding values, and the saturated steam becomes superheated steam and then enters the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 6;

in the low-pressure cylinder 6 of the steam turbine, the superheated steam from the steam reheater 4 expands to do work and generate power;

the exhaust steam at the outlet of the turbine low pressure cylinder 6 enters a condenser 8 for condensation;

in the steam reheater 4, saturated steam as a heating medium is finally pumped back to the steam drum 2 through the reflux pump 13 to participate in the next steam-water cycle;

saturated water obtained by the steam-water separator enters a deaerator 9;

the saturated water obtained by the condenser 8 then enters the steam drum 2 through the deaerator 9, the water feed pump 11, the economizer 3 and the like to participate in the next steam-water circulation process.

The invention has the advantages that the steam reheating technology is used, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the garbage incinerator is improved; the reheater tube bundle with poor heat exchange effect is prevented from being placed in the flue of the waste heat boiler with high-temperature corrosion hazard, the pipeline corrosion of a steam reheating system is reduced, and the equipment stability and the economic benefit of a waste incineration plant are increased.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steam reheating system of a domestic waste incineration waste heat boiler adopting saturated steam for heating.

In the figure, 1, a waste heat boiler, 2, a steam drum, 3, a coal economizer, 4, a steam reheater, 5, a high pressure cylinder of a turbine, 6, a low pressure cylinder of the turbine, 7, a generator, 8, a condenser, 9, a deaerator, 10, a steam-water separator, 11, a water feeding pump, 12, a superheater and 13, a reflux pump are arranged.

Detailed Description

The present invention relates to a steam intermediate reheating system for improving energy utilization efficiency by improving steam parameters of a garbage incinerator, and the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and provides detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

The system comprises main equipment such as a waste heat boiler 1, a steam drum 2, an economizer 3, a steam reheater 4, a steam turbine high pressure cylinder 5, a steam turbine low pressure cylinder 6, a generator 7, a condenser 8, a deaerator 9, a steam-water separator 10, a water feed pump 11 and the like.

The working state is as follows:

(1) in the waste heat boiler 1, heat generated by waste incineration is absorbed by water through a heat exchanger;

(2) a part of saturated steam from the steam drum 2 absorbs more energy in the superheater 12 and becomes system main steam with high temperature and high pressure;

(3) the main steam is introduced into a high-pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine to do work through expansion;

(4) another part of the saturated steam from the steam drum 2 enters the steam heater 4;

(5) the steam-water mixture at the outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 5 enters a steam-water separator 10;

(6) in the steam-water separator 10, a steam-water mixture from an outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine is separated into saturated water and saturated steam, wherein the saturated steam enters the steam reheater 4;

(7) in the steam reheater 4, the saturated steam from the steam drum 2 exchanges heat with the saturated steam from the steam-water separator 10, the saturated steam from the steam-water separator 10 absorbs heat from the saturated steam from the steam drum 2, the temperature and the pressure are increased to corresponding values, and the saturated steam becomes superheated steam and then enters the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 6;

(8) in the low-pressure cylinder 6 of the steam turbine, the superheated steam from the steam reheater 4 expands to do work and generate power;

(9) the exhaust steam at the outlet of the turbine low pressure cylinder 6 enters a condenser 8 for condensation;

(10) in the steam reheater 4, saturated steam as a heating medium is finally pumped back to the steam drum 2 through the reflux pump 13 to participate in the next steam-water cycle;

(11) saturated water obtained by the steam-water separator enters a deaerator 9;

(12) the saturated water obtained by the condenser 8 then enters the steam drum 2 through the deaerator 9, the water feed pump 11, the economizer 3 and the like to participate in the next steam-water circulation process.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.