阅读说明：本技术 一种降雨诱发土质滑坡的野外模拟试验系统 (Rainfall-induced soil landslide field simulation test system ) 是由 张明 张晨阳 陈钱 李成文 于 2019-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种降雨诱发土质滑坡的野外模拟试验系统,包括试验斜坡体、加载装置、人工降雨模拟系统、数据采集系统和集水系统,坡顶段上设有集水区流量模拟装置,加载装置位于集水区流量模拟装置前方,人工降雨装置均匀地分布在坡面段上,数据采集系统位于坡面段内部,集水沟渠均位于坡面段上,蓄水池位于坡底段内,集水沟渠分别连接蓄水池。本发明的有益效果：本发明通过在试验斜坡体上分别设置集水区流量模拟装置、加载装置、人工降雨装置、集水系统和人工开挖裂缝等,以模拟土质滑坡的多种致灾因素,并通过数据采集系统实时获取试验过程中多种参数的变化数据,从而为土质滑坡失稳机制的研究,提供全面、有效和可靠的原位模拟系统。(The invention provides a rainfall induced soil landslide field simulation test system which comprises a test slope body, a loading device, an artificial rainfall simulation system, a data acquisition system and a water collection system, wherein a water collection area flow simulation device is arranged on a slope top section, the loading device is positioned in front of the water collection area flow simulation device, the artificial rainfall devices are uniformly distributed on the slope surface section, the data acquisition system is positioned inside the slope surface section, water collection channels are all positioned on the slope surface section, a reservoir is positioned in a slope bottom section, and the water collection channels are respectively connected with the reservoir. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention respectively arranges the water collecting area flow simulation device, the loading device, the artificial rainfall device, the water collecting system, the artificial crack excavation and the like on the test slope body to simulate various disaster-causing factors of the soil landslide, and obtains the change data of various parameters in the test process in real time through the data acquisition system, thereby providing a comprehensive, effective and reliable in-situ simulation system for the research of the soil landslide instability mechanism.)

1. The utility model provides a rainfall induces soil property landslide's field simulation test system which characterized in that: the artificial rainfall simulation system comprises a test slope body, and a loading device, an artificial rainfall simulation system, a data acquisition system and a water collection system which are arranged on the test slope body, wherein the test slope body comprises a slope top section, a slope surface section and a slope bottom section which are sequentially connected, a water collection area flow simulation device is arranged on the slope top section, the loading device is positioned in front of the water collection area flow simulation device, the loading device comprises a sand stone bag, a bearing plate and a dynamometer, the sand stone bag is placed above the bearing plate, the bearing plate is pressed on the slope top section, the dynamometer is positioned at the contact part of the bearing plate and the slope top section, the artificial rainfall simulation system comprises a water tank, a water pump and a plurality of personal rainfall devices, the water tank is connected with the water pump, the water pump is respectively connected with each artificial rainfall device through a pipeline, and each artificial rainfall device is uniformly distributed on the slope surface section, the data acquisition system is positioned in the slope surface section, the water collection system comprises a plurality of water collection ditches and a water storage tank, each water collection ditch is positioned on the slope surface section, the water reservoirs are positioned in the slope bottom section, each water collecting channel is respectively connected with the water reservoirs, a water level meter is arranged in the reservoir, the water collecting area flow simulation device is used for controlling the water flow of the water collecting area above the test slope body and converging into the slope surface section, the loading device is used for simulating the action of trailing edge loading on landslide, the artificial rainfall simulation system is used for carrying out artificial rainfall on the test slope body so as to simulate actual rainfall, the data acquisition system is used for acquiring parameter change data in the slope surface section in the test process, the water collection system is used for collecting the surface runoff of the test slope body and measuring the surface runoff of the test slope body.

2. The rainfall-induced landslide field simulation test system of claim 1, wherein: the two sides of the test slope body are provided with anti-leakage baffles, and the anti-leakage baffles are used for preventing rainwater infiltrating into the test slope body from laterally running off.

3. The rainfall-induced landslide field simulation test system of claim 2, wherein: the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of pore water pressure sensors, a plurality of volume water content sensors, a plurality of matrix suction sensors and a plurality of inclinometers, wherein each pore water pressure sensor, each volume water content sensor, each matrix suction sensor and each inclinometer are respectively positioned at different depths inside the slope section, and each pore water pressure sensor, each volume water content sensor, each matrix suction sensor and each inclinometer are all connected with a data acquisition center.

4. The rainfall-induced landslide field simulation test system of claim 1, wherein: each artificial rainfall device comprises a water separator and a plurality of rainfall sprayers, the water separator is connected with the rainfall sprayers through pipelines, an electric ball valve is arranged in each pipeline of each rainfall sprayer, and the electric ball valves are used for controlling the water yield of the rainfall sprayers.

5. The rainfall-induced landslide field simulation test system of claim 1, wherein: the device comprises a slope top section, a slope surface section and a slope bottom section, and is characterized by further comprising a monitoring camera device, wherein the monitoring camera device is located on the slope top section or the slope surface section or the slope bottom section, and is used for acquiring images in the test process in real time and recording the whole-process images of the test.

6. The rainfall-induced landslide field simulation test system of claim 1, wherein: the slope top section with domatic section junction is equipped with the manual excavation crack, the horizontal through test slope body of manual excavation crack, the manual excavation crack is used for simulating the stretch-draw crack at actual landslide rear.

7. The rainfall-induced landslide field simulation test system of claim 4, wherein: the rainfall metering device comprises a slope surface section, a rainfall sprayer and a rainfall metering device, wherein the slope surface section is provided with a plurality of rain gauges, each rain gauge is respectively positioned below the rainfall sprayer, and the rain gauges are used for monitoring the real-time rainfall of the artificial rainfall device.

8. The rainfall-induced landslide field simulation test system of claim 4, wherein: each rainfall device still includes quick pole setting, quick pole setting is used for supporting the rainfall shower nozzle.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disasters, in particular to a rainfall induced soil landslide field simulation test system.

Background

The influence of landslide disasters on human social life has become a non-negligible problem, and has become the second natural disaster next to earthquake disasters. In China, due to special meteorological conditions and geological conditions, landslide geological disasters are widely distributed, activities are strong, and damage is serious. Investigation data shows that 90% of landslides in the southeast coastal region of China are induced by rainfall, understanding the rainfall-induced landslide mechanism is always a difficult problem in the field of landslide disaster research, and is a bottleneck for restricting effective prevention and control of disasters and predicting alarms. For many years, a great deal of research work has been done on the instability mechanism of landslide disasters at home and abroad, wherein the main means for acquiring the landslide instability process and the instability mechanism are numerical simulation, indoor model test and in-situ test. The test conditions of the numerical simulation and the indoor model test are different from the real conditions, and the hypothesis is strong, so that the obtained test result has certain difference from the real conditions. By adopting the in-situ test method, the change characteristics of each parameter in the landslide instability process can be really and effectively obtained, and the landslide instability mechanism can be deeply and effectively revealed.

At present, a traditional rainfall-induced landslide in-situ simulation system generally comprises a slope, a water supply system, a power supply system, a rainfall simulation device, a data monitoring system, a control system and the like. The rainfall-induced landslide in-situ simulation test system has the following two defects:

the factors of instability and disaster causing of the soil landslide mainly include but are not limited to rainfall intensity, rainfall type, duration of rainfall, trailing edge crack, area of a water collection area where the landslide is located, trailing edge loading and the like, but a general landslide in-situ simulation system can only simulate a plurality of factors of rainfall intensity, duration of rainfall, rainfall type and the like.

In the destabilization process of the soil landslide, the acquisition of parameters such as particle composition, infiltration rate, volume water content, matrix suction, pore water pressure, displacement and the like is an important premise for researching the destabilization mechanism of the soil landslide, while the traditional landslide in-situ simulation system can only acquire the parameters such as the volume water content, the pore water pressure, the displacement and the like generally, and has strong limitation in the process of analyzing the destabilization mechanism of the landslide.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a field simulation test system for rainfall-induced soil landslide.

The embodiment of the invention provides a rainfall-induced soil landslide field simulation test system, which comprises a test slope body, and a loading device, an artificial rainfall simulation system, a data acquisition system and a water collection system which are arranged on the test slope body, wherein the test slope body comprises a slope top section, a slope surface section and a slope bottom section which are sequentially connected, a water collection area flow simulation device is arranged on the slope top section, the loading device is positioned in front of the water collection area flow simulation device, the loading device comprises a sand bag, a pressure bearing plate and a dynamometer, the sand bag is placed above the pressure bearing plate, the pressure bearing plate is pressed on the slope top section, the dynamometer is positioned at the contact position of the pressure bearing plate and the slope top section, the artificial rainfall simulation system comprises a water tank, a water pump and a plurality of personal rainfall devices, the water tank is connected with the water pump, and the water pump is respectively connected with each artificial rainfall device through a pipeline, the artificial rainfall devices are uniformly distributed on the slope surface section, the data acquisition system is positioned inside the slope surface section, the water collection system comprises a plurality of water collection channels and a reservoir, each water collection channel is positioned on the slope surface section, the reservoir is positioned in the slope bottom section, each water collection channel is respectively connected with the reservoir, a water level gauge is arranged in the reservoir, the water collection area flow simulation device is used for controlling the water flow rate of a water collection area above the test slope body and converged into the slope surface section, the loading device is used for simulating the effect of loading on landslide, the artificial rainfall simulation system is used for performing artificial rainfall on the test slope body to simulate actual rainfall, the data acquisition system is used for acquiring parameter change data in the slope surface section in the test process, and the water collection system is used for collecting the surface diameter flow rate flowing out of the test slope body, and measuring the surface runoff rate into the water collection system.

Furthermore, the two sides of the test slope body are provided with anti-leakage baffles, and the anti-leakage baffles are used for preventing rainwater infiltrating into the test slope body from laterally running off.

Further, the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of pore water pressure sensors, a plurality of volume water content sensors, a plurality of matrix suction sensors and a plurality of inclinometers, wherein each pore water pressure sensor, each volume water content sensor, each matrix suction sensor and each inclinometer are respectively positioned at different depths inside the slope section, and each pore water pressure sensor, each volume water content sensor, each matrix suction sensor and each inclinometer are all connected with the data acquisition center.

Furthermore, each artificial rainfall device comprises a water separator and a plurality of rainfall sprayers, the water separator is respectively connected with the rainfall sprayers through pipelines, an electric ball valve is arranged in each pipeline of each rainfall sprayer, and the electric ball valves are used for controlling the water yield of the rainfall sprayers.

The device further comprises a monitoring camera device, wherein the monitoring camera device is positioned on the slope top section or the slope surface section or the slope bottom section, and the monitoring camera device is used for acquiring images in the test process in real time and recording the whole-process images of the test.

Furthermore, the slope top section with domatic section junction is equipped with the manual excavation crack, the horizontal through test slope body of manual excavation crack, the manual excavation crack is used for simulating the stretch-draw crack at actual landslide rear.

Furthermore, a plurality of rain gauges are arranged on the slope surface section, each rain gauge is respectively positioned below the rainfall spray heads, and the rain gauges are used for monitoring the real-time rainfall of the artificial rainfall device.

Furthermore, each rainfall device still includes quick pole setting, quick pole setting is used for supporting the rainfall shower nozzle.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the rainfall induced soil landslide field simulation test system, the influence of the area of the water collection area where the landslide is located on the instability of the landslide can be simulated by arranging the water collection area flow simulation device on the test slope body; by arranging the loading device, the influence of the trailing edge loading on landslide can be simulated; by arranging the artificial rainfall device and the water collecting system, the influence of rainfall intensity, rainfall type and rainfall time on landslide can be simulated; by arranging the artificial excavation cracks, the influence of the cracks on landslide can be simulated under the rainfall condition; and acquiring the change data of various parameters in the test process in real time through the data acquisition system, wherein the change data comprises particle grading, infiltration rate, volume water content, matrix suction, pore water pressure and displacement. Therefore, a comprehensive, effective and reliable in-situ simulation system can be provided for the research of the soil landslide instability mechanism.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a field simulation test system for rainfall-induced soil landslide according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the artificial rainfall simulation system 41 of fig. 1.

In the figure: 1-test slope body, 11-slope top section, 12-slope surface section, 13-slope bottom section, 2-water collecting area flow simulation device, 21-branch pipe, 3-loading device, 31-sand bag, 32-bearing plate, 33-dynamometer, 4-artificial rainfall simulation system, 41-water tank, 42-water pump, 43-artificial rainfall device, 43 a-water separator, 43 b-rainfall sprayer, 43 c-electric ball valve, 43 d-quick vertical rod, 5-data acquisition system, 51-pore water pressure sensor, 52-volume water content sensor, 53-matrix suction sensor, 54-inclinometer, 6-water collecting system, 61-water collecting ditch, 62-reservoir, 63-water level meter, 7-monitoring camera device, 8-manually excavating cracks, and 9-a rain gauge.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a field simulation test system for rainfall-induced soil landslide, including a test slope body 1, and a loading device 3, an artificial rainfall simulation system 4, a data acquisition system 5 and a water collection system 6, which are disposed on the test slope body 1.

The test slope body 1 comprises a slope top section 11, a slope section 12 and a slope bottom section 13 which are sequentially connected, the longitudinal width of the test slope body 1 is not less than 4.5m in the embodiment, the transverse length of the slope section 12 is not less than 4m, anti-leakage baffles (shown in the attached drawing) are arranged on two sides of the test slope body 1 and used for preventing rainwater infiltrating into the test slope body 1 from laterally losing so as to ensure that the hydrogeological conditions of rock soil bodies in the test slope body 1 are relatively independent, the anti-leakage baffles are sheet iron in the embodiment, and the embedded depth of the anti-leakage baffles is not less than 1 m.

In order to avoid errors caused by the selection of the similarity ratio of the test slope body 1 and an actual landslide prototype, a test selection point is directly developed on a typical soil slope body in a research area, the selection of the test slope body 1 needs to take the landform and the landslide rock and soil body properties into consideration so as to facilitate the development of test site arrangement work and ensure the successful development of a test, and the selection of the test slope body 1 has the following characteristics:

a. the test object is a soil landslide, the slope inclination angle is between 10 and 15 degrees, the thickness of a sliding body is between 2 and 4m, and the sliding surface is an interface of residual soil and bedrock;

b. the underground water is not abundant, and the landslide underground water changes greatly under the condition of heavy rainfall;

c. the surrounding water sources are rich, so that the test water can be supplied in time;

d. there is no potential harm object around, and there needs to have gentle open place in the back of experimental place, the experiment of being convenient for is carried out.

The water collecting area flow simulation device 2 is arranged on the slope top section 11, the water collecting area flow simulation device 2 is used for controlling the water flow of the slope section 12 into which the water collecting area above the test slope body 1 is converged, the water collecting area flow simulation device 2 comprises a branch pipe 21 in the embodiment, a plurality of water outlets are arranged on the branch pipe 21, each water outlet faces the slope section 12, and the water yield of each water outlet can be adjusted and controlled according to the rainfall intensity, the rainfall time, the area of the water collecting area where the test slope body 1 is located and the like.

Loading device 3 is located 2 the place ahead of catchment area flow analogue means, loading device 3 includes gravel bag 31, bearing plate 32 and dynamometer 33, gravel bag 31 is placed bearing plate 32 top, bearing plate 32 presses on slope top segment 11, just dynamometer 33 is located bearing plate 32 with the contact department of slope top segment 11, loading device 3 is used for simulating the effect of loading to the landslide to study the influence of trailing edge heap load to slope destabilization mechanism, in this embodiment loading device 3 is right the pressure accessible of experimental slope body 1 gravel bag 31 is adjusted, just the pressure accessible dynamometer 33 reads out to can conveniently analyze out the influence law of trailing edge heap load to slope destabilization mechanism.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the artificial rainfall simulation system 4 includes a water tank 41, a water pump 42 and a plurality of personal rainfall devices 43, the water tank 41 is connected to the water pump 42, the water pump 42 is respectively connected to each of the artificial rainfall devices 43 through a pipeline, each of the artificial rainfall devices 43 is uniformly distributed on the slope section 12, the artificial rainfall simulation system 4 is configured to perform artificial rainfall on the test slope 1 to simulate actual rainfall, a rainfall range formed by each of the artificial rainfall devices 43 is the same as a range of the slope section 12 in this embodiment, and at least four water tanks 41 are included in the artificial rainfall simulation system 4 to ensure sufficient water volume in the experimental process, and each water tank 41 can store at least 2 tons of water once.

Each artificial rainfall device 43 includes a water separator 43a, a plurality of rainfall sprayers 43b and a fast vertical rod 43d, the water separator 43a is connected to each rainfall sprayer 43b through a pipeline respectively, each rainfall sprayer 43b is fixed to the slope section 12 through the fast vertical rod 43d respectively, an electric ball valve 43c is arranged in each rainfall sprayer 43b pipeline, the electric ball valve 43c is used for controlling the water yield of the rainfall sprayer 43b, in this embodiment, a plurality of rain gauges 9 are arranged on the slope section 12, each rain gauge 9 is located below the rainfall sprayer 43b, and the rain gauges 9 are used for monitoring the real-time rainfall capacity of the artificial rainfall device 43 so as to monitor the rainfall capacity.

The data acquisition system 5 is located inside the slope surface section 12, the data acquisition system 5 comprises a plurality of pore water pressure sensors 51, a plurality of volume water content sensors 52, a plurality of matrix suction sensors 53 and a plurality of inclinometers 54, each pore water pressure sensor 51, each volume water content sensor 52, each matrix suction sensor 53 and each inclinometer 54 are respectively located at different depths inside the slope surface section 12, each pore water pressure sensor 51, each volume water content sensor 52, each matrix suction sensor 53 and each inclinometer 54 are all connected with a data acquisition center, the data acquisition system 5 is used for acquiring parameter change data inside the slope surface section 12 in the test process, specifically, the pore water pressure sensors 51 are used for acquiring pore water pressure data at different depths inside the slope surface section 12 in the test process, the volumetric water content sensor 52 is used for acquiring volumetric water content data of different depths inside the slope section 12 in a test process, the matrix suction sensor 53 is used for acquiring matrix suction data of different depths inside the slope section 12 in the test process, the inclinometer 54 is used for acquiring displacement data of different depths inside the slope section 12 in the test process, in this embodiment, a luoyang shovel can be used for drilling four 5-meter-deep boreholes on the slope section 12, then the pore water pressure sensor 51 or the volumetric water content sensor 52 or the matrix suction sensor 53 or the inclinometer 54 is respectively arranged at different depths inside each borehole, for example, the pore water pressure sensor 51 or the volumetric water content sensor 52 or the matrix suction sensor 53 or the inclinometer 54 can be respectively arranged at 0.3m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m and 5m inside each borehole, similarly, the pore water pressure sensors 51 or the volume water content sensors 52 or the matrix suction sensors 53 or the inclinometers 54 may be disposed at different depths in the same borehole according to actual needs, and the data acquisition center in this embodiment may set acquisition frequencies and times of each of the pore water pressure sensors 51, each of the volume water content sensors 52, each of the matrix suction sensors 53, and each of the inclinometers 54, and store and simply process data of the volume water content, the deep displacement, the matrix suction, and the pore water pressure.

The water collecting system 6 comprises a plurality of water collecting channels 61 and a reservoir 62, each water collecting channel 61 is located on the slope surface section 12, the reservoir 62 is located in the slope bottom section 13, each water collecting channel 61 is connected to the reservoir 62, a water level gauge 63 is arranged in the reservoir 62, the water collecting system 6 is used for collecting the surface runoff quantity flowing out of the test slope body 1 and measuring the surface runoff quantity flowing into the water collecting system 6, in this embodiment, the real-time infiltration rate of rainfall of the slope surface section 12 in the test process can be obtained through the compound operation of the water output quantity of the water collecting area flow simulating device 2, the rainfall of the artificial rainfall simulating system 4 and the water collecting quantity of the water collecting system 6, and meanwhile, surface soil samples at different positions of the slope surface section 12 in the test process and scouring soil samples in the reservoir 62 can be collected through a sampler, and carrying out an indoor grain composition test so as to obtain the grain composition change characteristics of the soil body on the surface layer of the slope section 12.

The field simulation test system further comprises a monitoring camera device 7, the monitoring camera device 7 is located on the slope top section 11 or the slope surface section 12 or the slope bottom section 13, and the monitoring camera device 7 is used for acquiring images in the test process in real time and recording whole-process images of the test.

Slope top section 11 with domatic section 12 junction is equipped with artifical excavation crack 8, the horizontal through test slope body 1 of artifical excavation crack 8, artifical excavation crack 8 is used for simulating the stretch-draw crack at actual landslide rear to the influence of simulation rear edge tension crack to landslide unstability, in this embodiment the width of artifical excavation crack 8 is about 10cm, and the degree of depth is about 200cm, and when the simulation does not consider the landslide unstability mechanism under the rear edge tension crack state, can use alginate prevention of seepage filler to right artifical excavation crack 8 fills.

According to the rainfall induced soil landslide field simulation test system, the water collection area flow simulation device 2, the loading device 3, the artificial rainfall device 43, the water collection system 6, the artificial excavation crack 8 and the like are respectively arranged on the test slope body 1, so that various disaster-causing factors in the soil landslide process are simulated, wherein the disaster-causing factors comprise rainfall intensity, rainfall type, rainfall duration, trailing edge crack, area of the water collection area where the landslide is located, trailing edge loading and the like; and the data acquisition system 5 is used for acquiring the change data of various parameters in the test process in real time, wherein the change data comprises grain composition, infiltration rate, volume water content, matrix suction, pore water pressure and displacement, so that a comprehensive, effective and reliable in-situ simulation system can be provided for the research of a soil landslide instability mechanism, and the simulation test system also has the advantages of simple structure, strong flexibility, convenience in construction and the like.

In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.

The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.