阅读说明：本技术 一种隧道掘进机滚刀参数在线检测方法 (Online detection method for hob parameters of tunnel boring machine ) 是由 张鑫 刘建琴 郭晓 郭伟 于 2019-10-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种隧道掘进机滚刀参数在线检测方法,所采用的装置包括用于检测滚刀刀圈的两种传感器,所述的传感器为开关型霍尔传感器与磁敏二极管,在滚刀刀圈外沿的不同位置设置磁钢,使各个磁钢向外极性相同；选用r区相反布置的两个磁敏二极管组成磁敏二极管差分电路,利用开关型霍尔传感器与磁敏二极管电路配合工作,开关型霍尔传感器把霍尔元件的输出经过处理后输出数字信号,设定开启阈值,当磁钢随滚刀转动到正对磁敏二极管和开关型霍尔传感器位置时,霍尔元件测得磁场强度最大,开关型霍尔传感器输出高电平,检测方法为：根据所标定的滚刀刀圈磨损量和测量电压之间的关系,反应滚刀磨损的程度。(The invention relates to an online detection method for hob parameters of a tunnel boring machine, wherein an adopted device comprises two sensors for detecting a hob ring, the sensors are a switch type Hall sensor and a magnetic sensitive diode, and magnetic steels are arranged at different positions of the outer edge of the hob ring so that the outward polarities of the magnetic steels are the same; two magnetosensitive diodes which are arranged in an opposite r area are selected to form a magnetosensitive diode differential circuit, a switch type Hall sensor and the magnetosensitive diode circuit are utilized to work in a matched mode, the switch type Hall sensor outputs a digital signal after processing the output of a Hall element, a starting threshold value is set, when magnetic steel rotates to the position right opposite to the magnetosensitive diode and the switch type Hall sensor along with a hob, the magnetic field intensity measured by the Hall element is the maximum, the switch type Hall sensor outputs a high level, and the detection method comprises the following steps: and reflecting the abrasion degree of the hob according to the relationship between the calibrated abrasion loss of the hob ring and the measured voltage.)

1. An on-line detection method for the hob parameters of a tunnel boring machine is characterized in that the sensors are a switch type Hall sensor and a magnetic sensitive diode, magnetic steels are arranged at different positions of the outer edge of a hob ring, the outward polarities of the magnetic steels are the same, and the magnetic steels are worn along with the abrasion of the hob ring;

selecting two magnetosensitive diodes which are arranged in an r area in an opposite way to form a magnetosensitive diode differential circuit, utilizing a switch type Hall sensor to work with the magnetosensitive diode circuit, processing the output of a Hall element by the switch type Hall sensor and then outputting a digital signal, setting a starting threshold value, when magnetic steel rotates to the position right opposite to the magnetosensitive diode and the switch type Hall sensor along with a hob, the Hall element detects that the magnetic field intensity is maximum, the switch type Hall sensor outputs a high level, recording the measuring voltage value of the magnetosensitive diode differential circuit at the moment, rotating the hob for one circle and corresponding to the magnetic steel at different positions, and respectively obtaining a measuring voltage value for judging whether a cutter is excessively worn; a sensor composed of a switch type Hall sensor and a magnetic sensitive diode is fixed between a hob box and a cutter head rib plate, and the detection method comprises the following steps: according to the relationship between the calibrated abrasion loss of the hob ring and the measured voltage, the abrasion degree of the hob is reflected, the measured voltage is smaller, the abrasion of the hob ring is more serious, the abrasion conditions of the hob ring at different positions of the hob ring are detected through recording, the abrasion condition of the whole hob is reflected, and whether the hob needs to be replaced or not is judged.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hob speed is indirectly determined by calculating the time interval of the digital signal output from each switching hall sensor, and the pure rolling distance of the hob is obtained by calculation.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein it is determined that the hob may be jammed when the switching type hall sensor outputs no output or a high level for a long time.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a wear-resistant shield (1), a heat-insulating spacer (15) and a rubber protective ring (9) are arranged between the sensor and the hob ring; the wear-resistant baffle (1) is fixed on the knife box, the external environment is isolated from the sensor, and a seal ring (3) is adopted to seal the gap of the wear-resistant baffle (1); the heat insulation gasket (15) is used for reducing the influence of temperature on the sensor, and the rubber protection ring (9) plays a role in buffering and protecting the sensor; the knife box and the knife ring are connected through an outer sleeve (7); the switch type Hall sensor (4) and the magnetic sensitive diode sensor (14) are fixed in the sensor protective shell (10) through a rubber protection ring (9), and the sensor protective shell (10) is sealed through a waterproof sealing ring (12); the base (8) is fixedly connected to the cutter head rib plate (6), and the sensor protection shell is fixedly connected with the base (8), so that the installation, fixation and protection of the sensor are realized.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tunnel boring machine, in particular to a real-time detection method and a real-time detection device for hob parameters.

Background

The tunnel boring machine has the advantages that the working environment is severe, the working condition is complex, the abrasion of the hob is serious, the stress state of a hob ring of the hob is continuously changed, the contact relation with a rock stratum is complex, the abrasion factors of the hob ring are numerous, the abrasion loss of the hob cannot be accurately calculated theoretically, and therefore the exact information of the abrasion of the hob can be obtained only through a detection mode. The existing detection of the abrasion condition of the hob is that a constructor enters the front section of a cutter head during the shutdown of the TBM, and measures the radius of a cutter ring by using a special measuring tape to judge the abrasion condition of the hob, so that the mode has low efficiency, large workload and time and labor waste; in addition, frequent shutdown not only delays the construction period, but also increases the risk of construction, and threatens the personal safety of operators. According to statistics, the time for detecting the abrasion of the cutter and replacing the cutter occupies 30-40% of the working time of the tunnel boring machine. Therefore, in order to improve the working efficiency of the tunnel boring machine and reduce the downtime, the abrasion condition of the hob at each position on the cutter head needs to be monitored on line so as to replace the excessively abraded hob.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides an online monitoring device for the abrasion of a hob and the rotating speed of the hob, which improves the working efficiency of a tunnel boring machine, reduces the downtime and reduces the engineering cost. The technical scheme is as follows:

an on-line detection method for the hob parameters of a tunnel boring machine is characterized in that the sensors are a switch type Hall sensor and a magnetic sensitive diode, magnetic steels are arranged at different positions of the outer edge of a hob ring, the outward polarities of the magnetic steels are the same, and the magnetic steels are worn along with the abrasion of the hob ring;

selecting two magnetosensitive diodes which are arranged in an r area in an opposite way to form a magnetosensitive diode differential circuit, utilizing a switch type Hall sensor to work with the magnetosensitive diode circuit, processing the output of a Hall element by the switch type Hall sensor and then outputting a digital signal, setting a starting threshold value, when magnetic steel rotates to the position right opposite to the magnetosensitive diode and the switch type Hall sensor along with a hob, the Hall element detects that the magnetic field intensity is maximum, the switch type Hall sensor outputs a high level, recording the measuring voltage value of the magnetosensitive diode differential circuit at the moment, rotating the hob for one circle and corresponding to the magnetic steel at different positions, and respectively obtaining a measuring voltage value for judging whether a cutter is excessively worn; a sensor composed of a switch type Hall sensor and a magnetic sensitive diode is fixed between a hob box and a cutter head rib plate, and the detection method comprises the following steps: according to the relationship between the calibrated abrasion loss of the hob ring and the measured voltage, the abrasion degree of the hob is reflected, the measured voltage is smaller, the abrasion of the hob ring is more serious, the abrasion conditions of the hob ring at different positions of the hob ring are detected through recording, the abrasion condition of the whole hob is reflected, and whether the hob needs to be replaced or not is judged.

In addition, the rotating speed of the hob is indirectly obtained by calculating the time interval of the digital signal output by each switch type Hall sensor, and the pure rolling distance of the hob is obtained by calculation. When the switch type Hall sensor does not output or always outputs high level for a long time, the phenomenon that the hob is possibly blocked and rotated is judged

Preferably, a wear-resistant baffle plate 1, a heat-insulating gasket 15 and a rubber protection ring 9 are arranged between the sensor and the hob ring; the wear-resistant baffle 1 is fixed on the knife box to isolate the external environment from the sensor, and a seal ring 3 is adopted to seal the gap of the wear-resistant baffle 1; the heat insulation gasket 15 is used for reducing the influence of temperature on the sensor, and the rubber protection ring 9 plays a role in buffering and protecting the sensor; the knife box and the knife ring are connected through an outer sleeve 7; the switch type Hall sensor 4 and the magnetic sensitive diode sensor 14 are fixed in the sensor protective shell 10 through a rubber protection ring 9, and the sensor protective shell 10 is sealed through a waterproof sealing ring 12; the base 8 is fixedly connected to the cutter head rib plate 6, and the sensor protection shell is fixedly connected with the base 8, so that the installation, fixation and protection of the sensor are realized.

The advantages of measuring hob parameters by using the device and the method are as follows:

the Hall sensor and the magnetic sensitive diode utilize Hall effect and belong to magnetic sensitive sensors. By adopting non-contact measurement, the switch type Hall sensor is integrated, has firm structure, small volume, light weight, long service life, convenient installation, small power consumption, high frequency, vibration resistance, no fear of pollution or corrosion of dust, oil stain, water vapor and the like, and is suitable for the severe working environment of the shield machine. The magnetic sensitive diode is a magnetic sensitive sensor, has high sensitivity of detecting magnetic field change, is hundreds times to thousands times of the sensitivity of the Hall element, is suitable for detecting weak magnetic field change, and has small volume and low power consumption. The on-line monitoring of the abrasion of the cutter of the tunnel boring machine can be realized, the working efficiency of the tunnel boring machine is improved, the downtime is reduced, the construction period is shortened, the artificial workload is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of magnetic steel on a hob

FIG. 2 is a differential circuit diagram of a magnetic sensing diode

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic sensing diode measurement circuit

FIG. 4 is an overall view of sensor installation

FIG. 5 is a front cut-away view of a sensor mounting

FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of a sensor mounting portion of FIG. 5

In the figure:

1-wear-resistant baffle, 2-screw, 3-sealing ring, 4-switch type Hall sensor, 5-side panel of knife box, 6-knife disc rib plate, 7-outer sleeve, 8-sensor base, 9-rubber protection ring, 10-sensor protection shell, 11-data transmission cable, 12-lead hole waterproof sealing ring, 13-bolt, 14-magnetic sensitive diode differential circuit sensor, 15-heat insulation gasket, 16-magnetic steel, 17-hob ring, 18-hob fixing block, 19-knife rest, 20-hob retaining ring, 21-hob body

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for monitoring the abrasion of a hob and the rotating speed of the hob on line. The invention adopts two magnetosensitive diodes to form a differential circuit, and the differential circuit and the switch type Hall sensor work cooperatively, the differential circuit is arranged in a cutter box, the hob ring is monitored on line in real time,

as shown in fig. 1, four magnetic steels are uniformly distributed on the hob ring 17 at 90 ° to make the N pole of the magnetic steel face the outside of the hob ring; the magnetic steel can be worn along with the abrasion of the cutter ring.

In order to adapt to the high-temperature work of the shield machine, silicon magnetic sensing diodes with good temperature characteristics are selected to form a differential circuit. As shown in fig. 2 and 3. Two magnetosensitive diodes and two resistors R arranged oppositely in R region (high recombination region) are selected_LThe differential circuit is composed of external power supply and voltmeter, and under the action of magnetic steel magnetic field, the I region (intrinsic region) current of two magnetosensitive diodes is changed in opposite direction, and its resistance value is changed in opposite direction. When the magnetic steel in the hob is not abraded, the magnetic field passing through the magnetosensitive diode is maximum, and then the magnetosensitive diode D₁Under the action of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic steel, the electrons and the holes deflect to the r surface, so that the current passing through the I area is minimum, and the resistance of the I area is maximum. In the magnetic sensitive diode D₂The current is maximum in the middle I region. Then along with the abrasion of the hob, the magnetic steel is also abraded, so that the distance from the magnetic steel to the magnetic sensitive diode is continuously reduced, and the magnetic sensitive diode D passes through₁、D₂Magnetic field reduction of D₁The electrons and holes in the middle deflection r surface are continuously reduced, the current in the I area is continuously increased, the resistance is continuously reduced, and D₂The resistance constantly increases in, and the voltmeter number of degrees constantly reduces, can measure the relation between hobbing cutter sword circle wearing and tearing volume and the voltmeter number of degrees through the experiment, and the degree of reaction hobbing cutter wearing and tearing, measuring voltage is less, and hobbing cutter sword circle wearing and tearing are more serious more, and the sword circle radius is less, detects the wearing and tearing condition of four positions departments of hobbing cutter sword circle through the record, and the holistic wearing and tearing condition of reaction hobbing cutter judges whether need to change the cutter.

In order to reduce the mutual interference of other magnetic fields and the magnetic fields generated by 4 pieces of magnetic steel distributed on a cutter ring and enable the data extraction and detection to be clearer, a switch type Hall sensor integrating circuits such as a Hall element, a voltage stabilizing circuit, an amplifier, a Schmidt trigger, an oc (collector open-circuit output gate) and the like is matched with a magnetic sensitive diode circuit to work, and the switch type Hall sensor can output a high-level or low-level digital signal after the output of the Hall element is processed. Setting the opening threshold value, and when the magnetic steel rotates to be right opposite to the hobWhen the magnetic sensitive diode and the switch type Hall sensor are positioned, the Hall element measures the magnetic field intensity to be the maximum, the switch type Hall sensor outputs high level, and the circuit voltage U of the magnetic sensitive diode is recorded at the moment₀And reading, namely measuring four voltage values by rotating the hob for one circle, and when the voltage is lower than a set value, proving that the cutter is excessively worn and needs to be replaced.

In addition, the time interval between the high levels of each switch type Hall sensor is calculated, so that the rotating speed of the hob can be indirectly obtained, and the pure rolling distance of the hob can be obtained through calculation. And whether the hob is blocked, eccentrically worn and the like can be detected. When the switch type hall sensor does not output for a long time or always outputs a high level, the hob may be blocked and needs to be replaced and maintained.

As shown in figures 4 and 5, the invention provides an online monitoring device for hob abrasion, wherein a sensor consisting of a switch type Hall sensor and a magnetic sensitive diode differential circuit is arranged between a hob box and a cutter disc rib plate. And magnetic steel is arranged in the hob. The specific installation method is shown in fig. 6, and a wear-resistant baffle plate 1, a heat-insulating gasket 15 and a rubber protection ring 9 are arranged between the sensor and the hob ring. Wherein wear-resisting baffle 1 passes through screw 2 to be installed on the knife case, is made by POM plastics, has high rigidity, high wearability, and is isolated with external environment and sensor to avoid around the influence of metal to two magnetic sensors, can dismantle the change. Adopt sealing washer 3 to seal the antifriction plate space, prevent that dust, greasy dirt from getting into. The heat insulation gasket 15 is used for reducing the influence of temperature on the sensor, and the rubber protection ring 9 plays a role in buffering and protecting the sensor. The outer sleeve 7 is connected with the cutter box and the cutter head to form a sensor mounting channel. The switch type Hall sensor 4 and the magnetic sensitive diode sensor 14 are adhered to the rubber protection ring 9 through glue, are installed in the sensor protection shell 10, are sealed by injecting waterproof sealant into the cavity of the protection shell and play a role in cushioning protection, the data transmission line is connected with an external data acquisition device through a lead hole, and the protection shell is sealed through a waterproof sealing ring 12. The base 8 is fixed on the cutterhead rib plate 6 through a bolt 13, blocks the sensor shell, and fixedly locks the sensor shell, so that the installation, fixation and protection of the two sensors are realized.