Direction finding antenna and direction finding method
阅读说明：本技术 测向天线及测向方法 (Direction finding antenna and direction finding method ) 是由 杨能文 徐成耀 汪振宇 鲍重杰 田佰文 于 2019-11-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种测向天线及测向方法,包括：射频辐射单元阵列、相位切换单元、功分网络和输出接口；其中,射频辐射单元阵列包括至少三组射频辐射单元；射频辐射单元阵列中一组射频辐射单元通过相位切换单元和功分网络连接,其他射频辐射单元直接与功分网络连接；功分网络与输出端口连接；相位切换单元具有两种切换状态,一种切换状态下相位切换单元的输入和输出之间的相位变化值相较于另一种切换状态下相位切换单元的输入和输出之间的相位变化值的变化量为180°,以使测向天线在一种切换状态下产生单主瓣波束的方向图,在另一种切换状态下产生劈裂波束的方向图。本发明结构简单、体积小,兼顾测向灵敏度和精确度。(The invention provides a direction finding antenna and a direction finding method, comprising the following steps: the radio frequency power divider comprises a radio frequency radiation unit array, a phase switching unit, a power dividing network and an output interface; the radio frequency radiation unit array comprises at least three groups of radio frequency radiation units; one group of radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array are connected with the power distribution network through the phase switching unit, and other radio frequency radiation units are directly connected with the power distribution network; the power distribution network is connected with the output port; the phase switching unit has two switching states, wherein the phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit in one switching state is 180 degrees compared with the phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit in the other switching state, so that the direction-finding antenna generates a directional diagram of a single main lobe beam in one switching state and generates a directional diagram of a split beam in the other switching state. The invention has simple structure, small volume and direction-finding sensitivity and accuracy.)
1. A direction-finding antenna is characterized by comprising a radio frequency radiation unit array, a phase switching unit, a power division network and an output interface;
wherein the radio frequency radiating element array comprises at least three groups of radio frequency radiating elements;
a group of radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array is connected with the power distribution network through the phase switching unit;
the other radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array except the group of radio frequency radiation units are directly connected with the power distribution network;
the power distribution network is connected with the output port;
the phase switching unit has two switching states, wherein the phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit in one switching state is 180 degrees compared with the phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit in the other switching state, so that the direction-finding antenna generates a directional diagram of a single main lobe beam in one switching state and generates a directional diagram of a split beam in the other switching state.
2. The direction-finding antenna of claim 1, wherein the phase switching unit switches in a double-pole double-throw manner.
3. The direction-finding antenna of claim 2, wherein the phase switching unit comprises a double pole double throw switch and two radio frequency branches;
the phase change value between the input port and the output port of one radio frequency branch is 180 degrees compared with the phase change value between the input port and the output port of the other radio frequency branch;
the two radio frequency branches are mutually independent and isolated;
the double-pole double-throw switch is used for being electrically connected with the two radio frequency branches respectively in a switching mode to form a passage, and the radio frequency branches which are not electrically connected with the double-pole double-throw switch are in a complete disconnection state.
4. The direction-finding antenna of claim 1, wherein the group of rf radiating elements is electrically connected to the power distribution network through the phase switching unit, and the other rf radiating elements are directly electrically connected to the power distribution network.
5. The direction-finding antenna of claim 1, wherein the other radio frequency radiating elements are uniform in composition, uniform in amplitude, and uniform in phase.
6. The direction-finding antenna of claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent groups of the rf radiating elements in the array of rf radiating elements is 0.5-1 wavelength.
7. The direction-finding antenna of claim 1, wherein the power division network comprises a plurality of input ports and one output port;
each input port is directly or indirectly connected with a corresponding radio frequency radiation unit;
the amplitudes of all the input ports directly connected with the radio frequency radiation unit are consistent;
the amplitude ratio of any two input ports in all the input ports is 1:2-10: 1;
the phases between the input port and the output port which are directly connected with the radio frequency radiation unit are consistent;
the input port and the output port which are connected with the radio frequency radiation unit through the phase switching unit have the same phase or have a phase difference of 180 degrees.
8. A direction-finding antenna according to claim 4 characterised in that the electrical connection is a direct electrical connection or a connection through an electrical propagation channel formed by a coupled feed.
9. A direction-finding method based on the direction-finding antenna of any one of claims 1-8, comprising:
switching a phase switching unit in a direction-finding antenna to a switching state so that the direction-finding antenna generates a directional diagram of a single main lobe beam in the switching state, and performing primary positioning on a direction-finding target based on a maximum signal method;
switching the phase switching unit to another switching state to enable the direction-finding antenna to generate a directional diagram of a split beam in the other switching state;
and finally positioning the direction-finding target by adopting a minimum signal method according to the result of the primary positioning.
10. The direction-finding method of claim 9, wherein the step of preliminary positioning the direction-finding target based on the maximum signal method comprises:
rotating the direction-finding antenna, and when the maximum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine where the direction-finding antenna is located, determining the initial positioning result of the direction-finding target according to the radial central axis of the main lobe in a directional diagram generated by the direction-finding antenna;
and according to the result of the primary positioning, the step of finally positioning the direction-finding target by adopting a minimum signal method comprises the following steps:
and continuing to rotate the direction-finding antenna, and taking the main lobe direction in a directional diagram generated by the direction-finding antenna as a final positioning result of the direction-finding target when the minimum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio direction finding, and particularly relates to a direction finding antenna and a direction finding method.
Background
At present, radio technology is rapidly developed, and radio direction finding has received more and more attention in the industry as an important technical means for radio monitoring, technical investigation and electronic countermeasure. According to different direction-finding principles, direction-finding methods can be classified into an amplitude method, a phase method, a doppler method, a time difference method, a spatial spectrum estimation method, and the like.
Radio direction finding devices use antennas, which are an important component of radio direction finding devices, to find beacons or signal sources, and the performance of the direction finding antenna, especially the pattern performance, determines the sensitivity of the radio direction finding device. In the existing direction finding technology, sharply directional antenna beams are generally adopted, for example, narrow-lobe antennas such as yagi antennas, parabolic antennas, and phased array antennas are adopted. The typical measure of antenna directivity is the half power lobe width of the pattern, i.e. the angle between the two directions where the radiated or received power drops by 3dB, on either side of the maximum radiated direction in the pattern. Sharpness refers to the extremely small half-power lobe width. The smaller half power lobe width means that more antenna radiating elements are required, the more complex the antenna structure, the larger the volume and the higher the cost.
In the direction finding method, the amplitude method is widely applied to the field of radio direction finding due to the advantages of simple structure, stable performance and the like. The amplitude method can be subdivided into a maximum signal method, a minimum signal method and an amplitude comparison method according to different utilization modes of amplitude information. The direction finding method of the maximum signal method has high direction finding receiving sensitivity, but has higher requirement on the acute direction of an antenna. Because the positioning accuracy and the half-power lobe width have a linear relation, if the half-power lobe width is wider, the direction-finding accuracy is not high, and because the directional diagram of the antenna changes smoothly near the maximum gain angle and is insensitive to angle change; more antenna radiating elements are required if a narrower half power lobe width is required. The minimum signal method is high in direction-finding accuracy, but is not high in direction-finding sensitivity, because the directional antenna pattern changes violently around the minimum gain angle, but the antenna gain is low here, which is not favorable for receiving signals. The amplitude comparison in the amplitude comparison method is realized by a circuit, the requirement on the consistency of components is high, and the debugging difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems that the existing direction-finding antenna needs a plurality of radiating units, and the direction-finding sensitivity and the accuracy cannot be compatible or at least partially solved, the embodiment of the invention provides a direction-finding antenna and a direction-finding method.
According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a direction-finding antenna is provided, which includes a radio frequency radiation unit array, a phase switching unit, a power division network, and an output interface;
wherein the radio frequency radiating element array comprises at least three groups of radio frequency radiating elements;
a group of radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array is connected with the power distribution network through the phase switching unit;
the other radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array except the group of radio frequency radiation units are directly connected with the power distribution network;
the power distribution network is connected with the output port;
the phase switching unit has two switching states, wherein the phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit in one switching state is 180 degrees compared with the phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit in the other switching state, so that the direction-finding antenna generates a directional diagram of a single main lobe beam in one switching state and generates a directional diagram of a split beam in the other switching state.
Preferably, the phase switching unit switches in a double-pole double-throw manner.
Preferably, the phase switching unit comprises a double-pole double-throw switch and two radio frequency branches;
the phase change value between the input port and the output port of one radio frequency branch is 180 degrees compared with the phase change value between the input port and the output port of the other radio frequency branch;
the two radio frequency branches are mutually independent and isolated;
the double-pole double-throw switch is used for being electrically connected with the two radio frequency branches respectively in a switching mode to form a passage, and the radio frequency branches which are not electrically connected with the double-pole double-throw switch are in a complete disconnection state.
Preferably, the group of rf radiating elements is electrically connected to the power distribution network through the phase switching element, and the other rf radiating elements are directly electrically connected to the power distribution network.
Preferably, the other radio frequency radiation units have consistent composition, amplitude and phase.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent groups of radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array is 0.5-1 wavelength.
Preferably, the power distribution network includes a plurality of input ports and an output port;
each input port is directly or indirectly connected with a corresponding radio frequency radiation unit;
the amplitudes of all the input ports directly connected with the radio frequency radiation unit are consistent;
the amplitude ratio of any two input ports in all the input ports is 1:2-10: 1;
the phases between the input port and the output port which are directly connected with the radio frequency radiation unit are consistent;
the input port and the output port which are connected with the radio frequency radiation unit through the phase switching unit have the same phase or have a phase difference of 180 degrees.
Preferably, the electrical connection is a direct electrical connection or a connection of an electrical propagation channel formed by coupled feeding.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a direction finding method, including:
switching a phase switching unit in a direction-finding antenna to a switching state so that the direction-finding antenna generates a directional diagram of a single main lobe beam in the switching state, and performing primary positioning on a direction-finding target based on a maximum signal method;
switching the phase switching unit to another switching state to enable the direction-finding antenna to generate a directional diagram of a split beam in the other switching state;
and finally positioning the direction-finding target by adopting a minimum signal method according to the result of the primary positioning.
Preferably, the step of preliminarily positioning the direction-finding target based on the maximum signal method includes:
rotating the direction-finding antenna, and when the maximum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine where the direction-finding antenna is located, determining the initial positioning result of the direction-finding target according to the radial central axis of the main lobe in a directional diagram generated by the direction-finding antenna;
and according to the result of the primary positioning, the step of finally positioning the direction-finding target by adopting a minimum signal method comprises the following steps:
and continuing to rotate the direction-finding antenna, and taking the main lobe direction in a directional diagram generated by the direction-finding antenna as a final positioning result of the direction-finding target when the minimum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine.
The embodiment of the invention provides a direction-finding antenna and a direction-finding method, wherein a group of radio frequency radiation units of a radio frequency radiation unit array in the direction-finding antenna are connected with a power distribution network through a phase switching unit, and other radio frequency radiation units are directly connected with the power distribution network, so that two directional diagrams with different characteristics can be generated through the phase switching unit, the direction-finding antenna is simple in structure, small in size, low in cost and light in weight, and direction-finding sensitivity and accuracy are considered.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a direction-finding antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase switching unit in a direction-finding antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention switching to a state one;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase switching unit in a direction-finding antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention switching to a state two;
fig. 4 is a single main lobe beam pattern generated by a direction-finding antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a split beam pattern generated by a direction-finding antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a direction finding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a direction-finding antenna is provided, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of the direction-finding antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, where the direction-finding antenna includes a radio frequency radiation unit array 1, a phase switching unit 2, a power division network 3, and an output interface 4; wherein, the radio frequency radiation unit array 1 comprises at least three groups of radiation units; a group of radiation units 12 in the radio frequency radiation unit array 1 is connected with the phase switching unit 2 and then connected with the power distribution network 3; other radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array 1 except the group of radiation units 12, such as the radiation unit 11 and the radiation unit 13, are directly connected to the power distribution network; the power distribution network 3 is connected with the output port 4;
preferably, the radiation unit 11 is electrically connected to the
Preferably, the other radio frequency radiating elements, such as radiating element 11 and radiating element 13, are identical in composition, amplitude and phase. The distance between two adjacent groups of radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array 1 is 0.5-1 wavelength.
The phase switching unit 2 has two switching states, and a phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit 2 in one switching state is 180 ° compared with a phase change value between the input and the output of the phase switching unit 2 in the other switching state, so that the direction-finding antenna generates a directional pattern of a single main lobe beam in one switching state and generates a directional pattern of a split beam in the other switching state.
Specifically, the phase switching unit 2 has two switching states, i.e., a state one and a state two. The variation of the phase difference value between the input end and the output end of the phase switching unit 2 is 180 degrees in the two switching states, and the input and output phase variation of the radiation unit 12 is switched between 0 degree and 180 degrees, so that the directional diagram of the direction-finding antenna generates two forms, namely a single main lobe beam and a split beam. The phase switching unit 2 may be switched manually or electrically.
In this embodiment, one group of radio frequency radiation units in the radio frequency radiation unit array is connected with the power distribution network through the phase switching unit, and other radio frequency radiation units are directly connected with the power distribution network, so that two directional diagrams with different characteristics can be generated through the phase switching unit, and the direction-finding antenna has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, low cost, light weight and direction-finding sensitivity and accuracy.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the phase switching unit 2 in this embodiment performs switching in a double-pole double-throw manner.
When the phase switching unit 2 is switched to the first state, the phases of the radiation unit 12 electrically connected with the phase switching unit 2 and other radio frequency radiation units are consistent. As in the state, the length of the electrical connection between the radiation unit 11 and the
When the phase switching unit 2 is switched to the second state, the phase difference between the rf radiating unit electrically connected to the phase switching unit 2 and the other rf radiating units is 180 °. In the second state, the phase difference between the radiation units 11, 13, and 12 is 180 °.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the phase switching unit 2 in this embodiment includes a double-pole double-
In fig. 2, the double-pole double-
On the basis of the above embodiments, the power distribution network 3 in this embodiment includes a plurality of input ports and one
As in fig. 1, the power distribution network 3 includes an
When the phase switching unit 2 is switched to the state one, the directional pattern of the direction-finding antenna presents a single main lobe beam as shown in fig. 4; when the phase switching unit 2 is switched to the second state, the directional pattern of the direction-finding antenna shows a split beam as shown in fig. 5, and a sharp notch exists in the middle.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a direction-finding method based on the direction-finding antenna in the foregoing embodiments is provided, and the method is implemented based on the direction-finding antenna in the foregoing embodiments. Therefore, the description and definition in the foregoing embodiments of the direction-finding antenna may be used for understanding the steps performed in the embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a schematic overall flow chart of a measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes: s601, switching a phase switching unit in the direction-finding antenna to a switching state so that the direction-finding antenna generates a directional diagram of a single main lobe beam in the switching state, and performing primary positioning on a direction-finding target based on a maximum signal method; s602, switching the phase switching unit to another switching state, so that the direction-finding antenna generates a split beam pattern in the another switching state; and S603, finally positioning the direction-finding target by adopting a minimum signal method according to the result of the primary positioning.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, a direction finding method is provided in combination with switching of a directional diagram of a direction finding antenna, where the method switches a phase switching unit to a state one to make the directional diagram of the direction finding antenna a single main lobe beam, and then performs preliminary positioning on a direction finding target by using a maximum signal method. And then, the phase switching unit is switched to the second state, so that the directional diagram of the direction-finding antenna is a split beam, the beam has acute directivity under the condition, and the direction-finding target is accurately positioned by further adopting a minimum signal method on the basis of the positioning result of the maximum signal method.
The phase switching unit is switched between the two states, so that the direction-finding antenna can generate two radiation directional diagrams with different characteristics, the two positioning operations are performed by combining the shapes of the radiation directional diagrams generated by the direction-finding antenna, the advantages of a maximum signal method and a minimum signal method are compatible, the direction-finding sensitivity is high, the accuracy is high, the method is simple, and the rapid and accurate direction finding is realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the step of preliminarily positioning the direction-finding target based on the maximum signal method in this embodiment includes: rotating the direction-finding antenna, and when the maximum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine where the direction-finding antenna is located, determining the initial positioning result of the direction-finding target according to the radial central axis of the main lobe in a directional diagram generated by the direction-finding antenna; and according to the result of the primary positioning, the step of finally positioning the direction-finding target by adopting a minimum signal method comprises the following steps: and continuing to rotate the direction-finding antenna, and taking the main lobe direction in a directional diagram generated by the direction-finding antenna as a final positioning result of the direction-finding target when the minimum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine.
Specifically, the direction-finding antenna in any one of the above-described direction-finding antenna embodiments is installed in the direction-finding machine of this embodiment. When the direction-finding antenna is used for direction finding, firstly, the state of the phase switching unit is switched to enable the directional diagram of the direction-finding antenna to be a single main lobe beam, then the direction-finding antenna is rotated, and when the maximum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine, the fact that the radial central axis of the main lobe in the directional diagram of the direction-finding antenna is overlapped with a straight line passing through the direction-finding machine to a measurement target is explained, so that the direction angle of the measurement target is determined. Thus, the direction finding of the direction finding target can be completed preliminarily. But since the directional pattern of the direction-finding antenna changes smoothly near the maximum gain of the main lobe, there may be an error in the azimuth angle.
And then, by switching the state of the phase switching unit, the directional diagram of the direction-finding antenna is switched into a split beam, and the antenna is rotated in a small range from left to right. Because the split beam has acute directivity, the slight change of the angle of the direction-finding antenna can cause the sharp change of a signal value, and when the antenna is rotated in a left small range and a right small range, the minimum signal value appears at the output end of the direction-finding machine, at the moment, the main lobe direction of the direction-finding antenna is the accurate direction of a direction-finding target.
The directional antenna is combined with directional pattern characteristics to carry out positioning twice, and when the directional antenna generates a single-beam directional pattern, a directional target is preliminarily positioned; and on the basis of primary positioning, switching the directional diagram of the direction-finding antenna into splitting constraint to perform accurate positioning.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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