Multistage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision speed reducer
阅读说明:本技术 一种多级同轴面接触活齿精密减速器 (Multistage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision speed reducer ) 是由 杨玉虎 胡自昂 张帆 周国成 于 2019-09-23 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种多级同轴面接触活齿精密减速器,主要包括中心齿轮,三个周向均布的行星齿轮,曲柄轴,偏心盘,激波器,壳体,活齿,面齿圈,输出盘。壳体固定,高速转动由与壳体同轴的中心齿轮输入,中心齿轮与三个行星齿轮啮合,每个行星齿轮和一个曲柄轴固联,三个同向偏置的曲柄轴与偏心盘组成转动副,偏心盘放置在激波器上,推动激波器自转,驱动活齿做轴向移动,活齿与面齿圈啮合,使面齿圈产生低速转动,面齿圈和输出盘固联,输出盘输出低速转动。本发明减速器具有大速比、匀速输出等优点,并且与一般减速器相比,承载能力大,结构紧凑,能够满足大速比高承载低回差场合下减速器的需求。(The invention discloses a multistage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision reducer which mainly comprises a central gear, three planetary gears which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, a crank shaft, an eccentric disc, a shock absorber, a shell, an oscillating tooth, a surface gear ring and an output disc. The shell is fixed, the high-speed rotation is input by a central gear which is coaxial with the shell, the central gear is meshed with three planetary gears, each planetary gear is fixedly connected with a crank shaft, three crank shafts which are offset in the same direction and an eccentric disc form a revolute pair, the eccentric disc is placed on a shock wave device to push the shock wave device to rotate, the movable teeth are driven to move axially and meshed with the face gear ring, the face gear ring rotates at a low speed, the face gear ring is fixedly connected with the output disc, and the output disc outputs the low-speed rotation. The speed reducer has the advantages of large speed ratio, uniform output and the like, and compared with the common speed reducer, the speed reducer has large bearing capacity and compact structure, and can meet the requirements of the speed reducer on occasions with large speed ratio, high bearing capacity and low return difference.)
1. A multistage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision speed reducer comprises a high-speed input component, a low-speed output component and a shell (1), wherein the high-speed input component comprises an input shaft (8), a central gear (9) fixedly connected with the input shaft (8), three planetary gears (7) uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and crank shafts (5) fixedly connected with the three planetary gears (7) respectively, and an eccentric disc (12) and an exciter (3) are sleeved on the three crank shafts (5); the low-speed output component consists of a movable tooth (17), a face gear ring (20) and an output disc (14); the input shaft (8), the central gear (9), the shock wave device (3), the shell (1), the face gear ring (20) and the output disc (14) are coaxially arranged;
the method is characterized in that:
the high-speed input component is a planetary gear train, and the low-speed output component is a movable tooth speed reducer; the high-speed input component and the low-speed output component form a K-H-V type epicyclic gear train together;
the input shaft (8) bears high-speed input motion, three planetary gears (7) which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are meshed with a central gear (9) at the same time, the crank directions of three crankshafts (5) are consistent and are positioned in three stepped holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on an eccentric disc (12), and the eccentric disc (12) is placed on the shock wave device (3);
be equipped with N guide way (21) on casing (1), the lower extreme of shock wave ware (3) has the face cam that circumference was arranged, has N oscillating tooth (17) equipartition on the face cam, and every oscillating tooth (17) is installed respectively in a guide way (21) of casing (1), and every oscillating tooth (17) all can follow guide way (21) at place and reciprocate, the lower extreme of oscillating tooth (17) with face ring gear (20) meshing, including 2N +2 same tooth (201) on the fluted disc of face ring gear (20), face ring gear (20) with output disc (14) are connected firmly.
2. The multi-stage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the teeth (201) on the fluted disc of the face gear ring (20) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the end face of the face gear ring (20), the working curve shape of the teeth (201) comprises symmetrical cylindrical spiral lines (204) with opposite rotation directions, and in order to avoid top cutting, two sections of the cylindrical spiral lines (204) are in transition curve connection;
the tooth form of the movable teeth (17) is the same as that of the teeth (201) on the fluted disc of the face gear ring (20); the theoretical profile of the surface cam of the shock wave device (3) is formed by sequentially connecting two sections of ascending working curves, two sections of descending working curves and four sections of transition curves, wherein the ascending working curves and the descending working curves are cylindrical spiral lines with the same tooth profile lift range as that of the surface gear ring (20) and smaller lead, each section of transition curve is tangent to the front section of working curve and the rear section of working curve, any point of the transition curve has a derivative, and the function of the transition curve is to enable the up-and-down movement of the movable teeth (17) to be in smooth transition so as to prevent impact.
3. The multi-stage coaxial movable tooth surface contact precision reducer of claim 1, wherein: the movable teeth (17) are in contact with the surface cam, the phases are different, the height position of each movable tooth (17) is different at the same time, the movable teeth (17) are in clearance fit with the guide grooves (21), and the movable teeth (17) can move up and down along the guide grooves (21) and are used for achieving axial guide.
4. The multi-stage coaxial movable tooth surface contact precision reducer of claim 1, wherein: one or two contact planes are arranged on the side surface contact surface of the movable tooth (17) and the guide groove (21) and are used for realizing circumferential positioning.
5. The multi-stage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: and oil seals (15) are arranged between the face gear ring (20) and the shell (1) and between the output disc (14) and the shell (1).
6. The multi-stage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a shaft sleeve (19) is arranged on the crank shaft (5) and positioned between the eccentric disc bearing (6) and the crank shaft bearing (4).
7. The multi-stage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotation of the shock wave device (3) is driven by the revolution of the eccentric disc (12), the revolution of the eccentric disc (12) is driven by the crank shaft (5), and the eccentric disc (12) is used for connecting a planetary gear train of a high-speed stage and a movable tooth speed reducer of a low-speed stage.
8. The multi-stage coaxial movable tooth surface contact precision reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiles of the teeth (201) on the fluted disc of the face gear ring (20), the movable teeth (17) and the face cam of the shock wave generator (3) adopt the following cylindrical helical lines,
the parametric equation for the cylindrical helix is as follows:
in the formula, r is the distance between a certain point on the movable tooth (17) or the face gear ring (20) and the central axis of the face gear ring (20), h is the height of a circle of cylindrical spiral line which rises, called the pitch, theta is the angle rotated by the point relative to the initial point, and x, y and z are the coordinate position of the point.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of transmission mechanisms, in particular to the field of movable tooth transmission and the field of precision transmission, and particularly relates to a multistage coaxial surface contact movable tooth precision speed reducer.
Background
With the continuous advance of science and technology to the extreme working condition field, especially fields such as robot, aviation have proposed the requirement of zero clearance precision, big velocity ratio, high bearing, long-life to accurate reduction gear. The precision speed reducer in the existing market takes an RV speed reducer and a harmonic speed reducer as main parts.
The RV reducer is a two-stage reducer developed by the company of the Kidi Japan in the last 80 th century based on the principle of small tooth difference, and has the advantages of large speed ratio, high precision, stable transmission and the like, but the low-speed reducer is sensitive to machining errors and high in machining difficulty, and most importantly, the improved scheme based on the RV reducer cannot meet the expected requirement before the requirement of improving the bearing capacity.
The harmonic reducer is also a precision reducer based on the principle of small tooth difference, and can realize larger transmission ratio output, however, the harmonic reducer realizes the mode of small tooth difference by periodically extruding the flexible gear through the shock wave device, so that the efficiency, the precision and the service life of the harmonic reducer are influenced in the operation process, and the harmonic reducer is easy to fail under the working condition of complex dynamics.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to achieve a precision reducer that meets the requirements mentioned in the background section. The speed reducer eliminates the defects of the existing precision speed reducer, wherein the speed reducer has higher torque transmission capacity than the existing precision speed reducer under the same size in a surface contact meshing mode in the link with larger torque in the force transmission process. In addition, under the condition of high torque transmission capacity, the gear ratio range which can be selected by the accelerator is large, and the gear ratio range can be arbitrarily selected from i-10 to i-150. At higher torque transmission capacity and higher gear ratios, the inventive gear unit can carry an input speed of at least 10000 rpm.
In order to realize the speed reducer meeting the requirements, the invention provides a multistage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision speed reducer which consists of a high-speed input component, a low-speed output component and a shell, wherein the high-speed input component comprises an input shaft, a central gear fixedly connected with the input shaft, three planetary gears uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and crank shafts respectively fixedly connected with the three planetary gears, and an eccentric disc and a shock wave device are sleeved on the three crank shafts; the low-speed output component consists of movable teeth, a face gear ring and an output disc; the input shaft, the central gear, the shock wave device, the shell, the face gear ring and the output disc are coaxially arranged; the high-speed input component is a planetary gear train, and the low-speed output component is a movable tooth speed reducer; the high-speed input component and the low-speed output component form a K-H-V type epicyclic gear train together; the input shaft is used for bearing high-speed input motion, three planetary gears which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are meshed with the central gear at the same time, the crank directions of three crankshafts are consistent and are positioned in three stepped holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the eccentric disc, and the eccentric disc is placed on the shock wave device; the utility model discloses a face gear, including the input dish, be equipped with N guide way on the casing, the lower extreme of shock wave ware has the face cam that circumference was arranged, has N oscillating tooth equipartition on the face cam, and every oscillating tooth is installed respectively in a guide way of casing, and every oscillating tooth all can follow the guide way at place and reciprocate, the lower extreme of oscillating tooth with the meshing of face ring gear, including 2N +2 the same teeth on the fluted disc of face ring gear, face ring gear with the output dish links firmly.
Further, the multistage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision speed reducer of the invention is characterized in that teeth on the tooth disc of the face tooth ring are uniformly distributed on the end face of the face tooth ring in the circumferential direction, the working curve shape of the teeth comprises symmetrical cylindrical spiral lines with opposite rotation directions, and in order to avoid top cutting, two sections of the cylindrical spiral lines are connected by a section of transition curve, namely, a part is cut off at the tooth top; the tooth form of the movable teeth is the same as that of the teeth on the face ring gear plate; the theoretical profile of the face cam of the shock wave device is formed by sequentially connecting two sections of ascending working curves, two sections of descending working curves and four sections of transition curves, wherein the ascending working curves and the descending working curves are cylindrical spiral lines with smaller lead equal to the tooth profile lift of the face gear ring, each section of transition curve is tangent to the front section of working curve and the rear section of working curve and is smooth, the curve function of the transition curve is arbitrarily taken, but any point of the transition curve has a derivative, the curves are distributed in the circumferential direction to be sequentially circulated from the ascending curve to the transition curve to the descending curve to the transition curve, and the transition curve has the function of enabling the movable teeth to move up and down in a smooth transition mode to prevent impact.
The movable teeth are in contact with the face cam, the phases are different, the height position of each movable tooth is different at the same time, the movable teeth are in clearance fit with the guide grooves, and the movable teeth can move up and down along the guide grooves and are used for achieving axial guiding.
One or two contact planes are arranged on the contact surface of the side surface of the movable tooth and the guide groove and are used for realizing circumferential positioning.
And oil seals are arranged between the face gear ring and the shell, and between the output disc and the shell.
And a shaft sleeve is arranged on the crank shaft between the eccentric disc bearing and the crank shaft bearing.
The rotation of the shock wave device is driven by the revolution of the eccentric disc, the revolution of the eccentric disc is driven by the crank shaft, and the eccentric disc is used for connecting the high-speed planetary gear train and the low-speed oscillating tooth speed reducer.
The profiles of the teeth on the face gear ring fluted disc, the movable teeth and the face cam of the shock wave device adopt the following cylindrical spiral lines,
the parametric equation for the cylindrical helix is as follows:
in the formula, r is the distance between a certain point on the movable tooth or the face gear ring and the central axis of the face gear ring, h is the height of a circle of cylindrical spiral line which rises, called the thread pitch, theta is the angle of the point which rotates relative to the initial point, and x, y and z are the coordinate position of the point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the speed reducer, a shell is fixed, high-speed rotation is input by a central gear which is coaxial with the shell, the central gear is meshed with three planetary gears, each planetary gear is fixedly connected with a crank shaft, three crank shafts which are offset in the same direction and an eccentric disc form a rotating pair, the eccentric disc is placed on a shock wave device to push the shock wave device to rotate automatically, movable teeth are driven to move axially and meshed with a face gear ring, so that the face gear ring rotates at low speed, the face gear ring is fixedly connected with an output disc, and the output disc outputs low-speed rotation. The speed reducer adopts an axial shock wave and multi-tooth meshing mode, and compared with a common speed reducer, the speed reducer has the advantages of large speed ratio, compact structure and convenience in manufacture. The speed reducer has the advantages of high bearing capacity, uniform output, high rigidity, stable transmission, high reliability and the like, and can meet the requirements of the speed reducer on occasions with high speed ratio, high bearing capacity and low return difference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-stage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision reducer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view containing only the oscillating
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the tooth flank formation of the
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the oscillating
FIG. 5 is a top view containing only the oscillating
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a multi-stage coaxial face contact oscillating tooth precision reducer of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-shell, 2-main bearing, 3-shock absorber, 4-crank shaft bearing, 5-crank shaft, 6-eccentric disc bearing, 7-planetary gear, 8-input shaft, 9-central gear, 10-input shaft small bearing, 11-fixing bolt, 12-eccentric disc, 13-eccentric disc roller, 14-output disc, 15-oil seal, 16-shock absorber roller, 17-oscillating tooth, 18-input shaft large bearing, 19-crank shaft sleeve, 20-face gear ring and 21-oscillating tooth guide groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, the multi-stage coaxial surface contact oscillating tooth precision speed reducer provided by the present invention is composed of a high speed input member, a low speed output member and a housing 1, wherein the high speed input member comprises an
The high-speed input component is a planetary gear train, and the low-speed output component is a movable tooth speed reducer; the high-speed input member and the low-speed output member jointly form a K-H-V type epicyclic gear train. The
The utility model discloses a
In the invention, the
As shown in fig. 3, the
As shown in fig. 4, the main body of the
In the invention, the corresponding end surface of the oscillating
In the present invention, the rotation of the
The speed reducer of the invention realizes the speed reduction function in the following way: the high-speed input motion is input to a
The purpose of improving weak links in the existing speed reducer force transmission process is achieved through the following mode, the
The parametric equation for the cylindrical helix is as follows:
in the formula, r is the distance between a certain point on the
The working positions of the end surfaces of the
The surface cam of the
As shown in fig. 1, when the speed reducer works, the high-speed rotation input by the motor is directly transmitted to the
As shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the toothed disc of the
In the present invention, it is preferable that the
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention herein disclosed is not limited to the particular combination of features described above, but also encompasses other arrangements formed by any combination of the above features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the above features and (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present invention are mutually replaced to form the technical solution.
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