阅读说明：本技术 一种自熔断材料及其应用 (Self-fusing material and application thereof ) 是由 刘磊 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于电加热技术领域,具体涉及一种自熔断材料及其应用。本发明公开了一种自熔断材料,由至少一根鞘芯纤维组成,所述鞘芯纤维包括内芯和外鞘。本发明公开的高温自熔断材料及加热布,制备工序简单、成本较低、物理熔断可靠性高。采用鞘芯纤维组成的高温自熔材料可编织成不同厚度的电热布,能够实现均匀面状加热,具有应用场景多样、安全性高等优点。(The invention belongs to the technical field of electric heating, and particularly relates to a self-fusing material and application thereof. The invention discloses a self-fusing material which is composed of at least one sheath-core fiber, wherein the sheath-core fiber comprises an inner core and an outer sheath. The high-temperature self-fusing material and the heating cloth disclosed by the invention have the advantages of simple preparation process, lower cost and high physical fusing reliability. The high-temperature self-melting material consisting of the sheath-core fibers can be woven into the electric heating cloth with different thicknesses, can realize uniform planar heating, and has the advantages of various application scenes, high safety and the like.)

1. A self-fusing material comprising at least one sheath-core fiber, said sheath-core fiber comprising an inner core and an outer sheath.

2. The self-fluxing material of claim 1, wherein the self-fluxing material has a resistivity of 5 x 10²～5×10⁷Europe and Eur.

3. The self-fusing material of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the material of the core is a fiber.

4. The self-fusing material of claim 3 wherein the fibers are selected from at least one of polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyether fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, polystyrene fibers, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer fibers.

5. The self-fusing material of claim 4 wherein the fibers have a diameter of less than 1 millimeter.

6. The self-fusing material of claim 1 wherein the material of the outer sheath is a conductive material.

7. The self-fusing material of claim 6 wherein the conductive material is a metallic material; the metal material is at least one of silver, gold, copper, aluminum, tin, zinc and iron.

8. The self-fusing material of any one of claims 4-7 wherein the sheath has a thickness of less than 20 microns.

9. The self-fusing heating cloth is characterized by comprising conductive cloth, a current collecting circuit, a lead and a power supply interface, wherein the conductive cloth is composed of 1-8 self-fusing materials and non-conductive wires.

10. A method of making a self-fusing heating cloth as defined in claim 9, comprising the steps of:

s1, weaving a self-fusing material and a non-conductive yarn into conductive cloth;

s2, arranging the current collecting circuit at the same side of two ends of the conductive cloth;

and S3, electrically connecting the current collecting circuit with one end of a lead, and electrically connecting the other end of the lead with a power interface to obtain the power supply.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric heating, and particularly relates to a self-fusing material and application thereof.

Background

With the improvement of economic life, the demand of consumers for heating is more and more diversified. The electric heating cloth is a novel electric heating product and has the advantages of good flexibility, portability, uniform heating and the like. Because the heat energy can be released continuously in the electric heat conversion process, when a heat insulation covering object is arranged, the heat can be accumulated around the electric heating cloth, and the danger of spontaneous combustion or scalding human bodies exists, so that the temperature of the electric heating cloth needs to be controlled.

Although temperature feedback and automatic temperature control electronics have achieved high sensitivity, for large area blankets or sheets, the temperature probe can only detect temperature conditions in very small areas, and for other areas it is difficult to detect temperature conditions. In order to solve the safety problem of local over-Temperature of the planar electric heating product, researchers have proposed various solutions, such as a double-layer spiral heating wire technology, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient thermistor) material, and the like. The double-layer spiral heating wire technology is that the fusible body between the inner and outer double-layer wires is self-fused at high temperature, so that the inner and outer two layers of heating wires are connected, the signal is fed back to the switch, and the power supply is cut off. The method has higher safety and stability, is widely applied to the field of electric blankets, but has the defects of high preparation difficulty, higher cost, thicker wire diameter and difficulty in realizing planar uniform heating because the heating area is in a linear heating mode. The PTC material is a resistance material with positive temperature coefficient, and can rapidly increase the resistance by several orders of magnitude in a narrow temperature range at a certain transition temperature, so that the mutual transition of a (semi) conductor and an insulator occurs, and the PTC material can be used for preparing a self-temperature-limiting heater by utilizing the dependence of the resistance on the temperature. The PTC material has the advantages that the PTC material can realize temperature control through self resistance change, has higher safety, but is more expensive, has higher design difficulty and is difficult to be made into fibers for producing the planar heating cloth.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a self-fusing material, which is composed of at least one sheath-core fiber, and the sheath-core fiber comprises an inner core and an outer sheath.

As a preferable technical scheme, the resistivity of the self-fusing material is 5 multiplied by 10²～5×10⁷Europe and Eur.

As a preferred technical scheme, the material of the inner core is fiber.

In a preferred embodiment, the fibers are at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyether fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, polystyrene fibers, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer fibers.

As a preferred solution, the diameter of the fibers is less than 1 mm.

As a preferred technical solution, the material of the sheath is a conductive material.

As a preferred technical solution, the conductive material is a metal material; the metal material is at least one of silver, gold, copper, aluminum, tin, zinc and iron.

As a preferred solution, the thickness of the sheath is less than 20 microns.

The invention provides a self-fusing heating cloth, which comprises a conductive cloth, a current collecting circuit, a lead and a power interface, wherein the conductive cloth is composed of the self-fusing material and non-conductive wires.

The third aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the self-fusing heating cloth, which comprises the following steps:

s1, weaving a self-fusing material and a non-conductive yarn into conductive cloth;

s2, arranging the current collecting circuit at the same side of two ends of the conductive cloth;

and S3, electrically connecting the current collecting circuit with one end of a lead, and electrically connecting the other end of the lead with a power interface to obtain the power supply.

Has the advantages that: the high-temperature self-fusing material and the heating cloth disclosed by the invention have the advantages of simple preparation process, lower cost and high physical fusing reliability. The high-temperature self-melting material consisting of the sheath-core fibers can be woven into the electric heating cloth with different thicknesses, can realize uniform planar heating, and has the advantages of various application scenes, high safety and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a single sheath-core fiber of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a plurality of sheath-core fibers of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the self-fusing heating cloth of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-fusing material and a current collecting circuit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of a self-fluxing material according to example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the silver coating of the self-fluxing material of example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an infrared chart after heating for 1 minute in example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of example 1 after high-temperature fusing.

Description of the symbols: 1-self-fusing material; 2-a non-conductive filament; 3-conductive cloth; a 4-current collector circuit; 5-a wire; 6-power interface; 7-a fuse region; 11-sheath core material; 111-an inner core; 112-sheath.

Detailed Description

In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a self-fusing material composed of at least one sheath-core fiber including an inner core and an outer sheath.

In a preferred embodiment, the self-fusing material consists of 1-50 sheath-core fibers.

As a preferred embodiment, the resistivity of the self-fusing material is 5 x 10²～5×10⁷Europe and Eur.

As a preferred embodiment, the resistivity of the self-fusing material is 5 x 10²～5×10⁵Europe and Eur.

Inner core

In the present application, the material of the inner core is a fiber.

In a preferred embodiment, the fibers are polymeric materials.

The fibers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyether fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, polystyrene fibers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer fibers.

In a preferred embodiment, the fibers are at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyether fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, polystyrene fibers, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer fibers.

The polyethylene fiber is a fiber material obtained by spinning polyethylene through a melt spinning method, and has the advantages of high strength, low density, good insulating property and the like.

The polyamide fiber is a thermoplastic fiber containing a repeated amide group- (NHCO) -on the molecular main chain, and has excellent wear resistance and high strength.

The molecular formula of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer fiber is (C)₂H₄)_x(C₄H₆O₂)_yThe composite material has the advantages of good buffering, shock resistance, heat insulation, moisture resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, and is non-toxic and non-absorbent.

As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the fibers is less than 1 millimeter; preferably, the fibers have a diameter of 5 to 100 microns.

Sheath

In the present application, the material of the sheath is a conductive material.

In a preferred embodiment, the conductive material is a metal material. The metal material is at least one of silver, gold, copper, aluminum, tin, zinc and iron.

In the present application, the conductive material may further include a filler, and the filler may be exemplified by quartz sand, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, unsaturated polyester resin, silicone resin, fluorocarbon resin, acrylic resin, acrylate oligomer, alkyd resin, vinyl resin, polyamide resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and boron nitride, without affecting the object of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the sheath has a thickness of less than 20 microns.

Preferably, the sheath has a thickness of 1 to 6 microns.

The preparation method of the sheath-core fiber is selected from one of chemical plating, evaporation plating, sputtering plating, electroplating and ion plating.

Electroless plating or autocatalytic plating (Auto-catalytic plating) is a plating method in which metal ions in a plating solution are reduced to metal by a suitable reducing agent without an applied current and deposited on the surface of a part. Electroless plating common solution: chemical silver plating, nickel plating, copper plating, cobalt plating, nickel phosphorus plating solution, nickel phosphorus boron plating solution and the like.

The evaporation is a method for obtaining a thin film material by heating a material in a vacuum environment, vaporizing the material and depositing the vaporized material on a substrate, and the vacuum evaporation process generally comprises the following steps: (1) and cleaning the surface of the substrate. Greasy dirt, rust, residual plating materials and the like on the surfaces of the inner wall of the vacuum chamber, the substrate frame and the like are easy to evaporate in vacuum, and the purity and the binding force of a film layer are directly influenced; (2) preparing before plating. And vacuumizing the coating chamber to a proper vacuum degree, and pretreating the substrate and the coating material. The substrate is heated for the purpose of removing moisture and enhancing film-based bonding. The substrate is heated under high vacuum, enabling desorption of the gas adsorbed on the surface of the substrate. Then the vacuum pump exhausts the air and discharges the air out of the vacuum chamber, which is beneficial to improving the vacuum degree, the film purity and the film-substrate binding force of the film coating chamber. Then, after reaching a certain vacuum degree, the evaporation source is electrified with low power to preheat or pre-melt the film material, in order to prevent the film material from evaporating on the substrate, the evaporation source and the source material are covered by a baffle plate, then high power electricity is input to rapidly heat the film material to the evaporation temperature, and the baffle plate is removed during evaporation. (3) And (5) evaporation. In addition to selecting proper substrate temperature and plating material evaporation temperature in the evaporation stage, deposition gas pressure is an important parameter. The deposition pressure, namely the vacuum degree of the film coating chamber, determines the mean free path of the movement of gas molecules in the evaporation space and the collision times between vapor and residual gas atoms and between vapor atoms under a certain evaporation distance. (4) And (6) taking the workpiece. After the film thickness reached the required thickness, the evaporation source was covered with a shutter and the heating was stopped, but air was not introduced immediately.

The sputtering is a phenomenon that energetic particles (usually gas stopping ions) bombard a target material to enable partial atoms on the surface of the target material to escape.

The ion plating is a method of partially ionizing a gas or an evaporated substance by a gas discharge under a vacuum condition and depositing the evaporated substance or a reactant thereof on a substrate under bombardment of ions of the gas or the evaporated substance.

The preparation method of the sheath-core fiber is not particularly limited, and the purpose of controlling the resistivity of the self-fusing material can be achieved.

For example: the preparation method of the sheath-core fiber with the inner core made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer fiber and the outer sheath made of copper comprises the following steps: (1) coarsening: coarsening an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in an acidic coarsening solution (10 v% diluted hydrochloric acid, 40 ℃, 15min, and a loading ratio of 1: 200), (2) sensitizing and activating: then, the coarsened ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is put into sensitizing solution for dipping, so that stannous hydroxide or stannous oxide generated by hydrolyzing stannous salt is deposited on the surface of the polyethylene fiber, the deposit is used as a reducing agent during activation treatment, and palladium ions in the activating solution are reduced into metal palladium by stannous ions; (3) and (3) gel releasing: then, putting the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer into a hydrochloric acid solution with a certain concentration to dissolve the partially hydrolyzed divalent and tetravalent tin ions, and exposing metal palladium with catalytic activity; (4) reduction: immersing the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer subjected to dispergation into a reducing solution, adsorbing a reducing agent on the surface of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and reducing palladium ions into metal particles to be deposited on the surface of the polyethylene fiber; (5) neutralizing: neutralizing the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer subjected to dispergation reduction treatment to make the surface of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer alkaline; (6) copper plating: putting the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer into chemical copper plating solution (20 g/L of copper sulfate, 7.9g/L of nickel sulfate, 75g/L of sodium hypophosphite, 30g/L of sodium citrate, 35g/L of boric acid and 80 ℃) to obtain the copper plating solution.

For another example: the preparation method of the sheath-core fiber in the application, wherein the inner core is polyamide fiber, and the outer sheath is silver, comprises the following steps:

1) contacting the polyamide fiber with 80 v% sulfuric acid water solution at 40 ℃ for 30 seconds, washing with deionized water, and drying; 2) adding a sensitizer (SnCl)₂Solution 15g/L) for 200 minutes, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying; 3) the catalyst (PdCl) is put into₂0.1g/L) of the solution, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying; 4) putting polyamide fiber into chemical silver plating solution, controlling silver plating temperature at 30 ℃, (silver plating solution AgNO)₃0.025g/ml, ammonia water 15ml, pH 9, reducing liquid C₆H₁₂O₆0.045g/ml)。

Self-fusing heating cloth

The invention provides a self-fusing heating cloth, which comprises a conductive cloth, a current collecting circuit, a lead and a power interface, wherein the conductive cloth is composed of the self-fusing material and non-conductive wires.

The self-fusing materials are distributed in the transverse direction of the conductive cloth in parallel, and the spacing distance between two adjacent self-fusing materials is 0.1-10 mm. And other yarns in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the conductive cloth are non-conductive yarns.

In the application, the current collecting circuits are distributed in the longitudinal direction of the conductive cloth in a parallel mode and are distributed on the same side of two ends of the conductive cloth.

In a preferred embodiment, the current collector is perpendicular to the self-fluxing material.

As a preferred embodiment, the conductive fabric is prepared by a warp knitting or weft knitting method.

The warp knitting refers to a method for connecting warp wale loops into a fabric in knitting.

The weft knitting is a knitting mode that one or a plurality of yarns simultaneously form loops by knitting needles in sequence along the transverse direction of the fabric, and are mutually interlooped in the longitudinal direction to form a weft knitted fabric. Weft knitting can be divided into single-sided and double-sided. In a weft knitting process, the yarns are first formed into a fabric in a loop along the width of the fabric, each yarn being fed at about ninety degrees to the fabric forming direction (the warp direction) (the fill direction).

In one embodiment, the non-conductive yarn is at least one selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, hemp, silk, spandex yarn, polyester yarn, viscose fiber, acrylic yarn, nylon yarn, vinylon yarn, polypropylene yarn, aramid yarn, glass fiber, and ceramic fiber.

In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the non-conductive filaments is 50 to 300 microns.

In one embodiment, the current collecting circuit is at least one selected from the group consisting of a metal foil, a metal woven mesh, a metal wire, a metal plated conductive cloth, and a metal plated conductive sponge.

The metal-plated conductive cloth is at least one selected from nickel-plated polyester fiber cloth, copper-plated nickel polyester fiber cloth and copper-plated polyester fiber cloth.

In a preferred embodiment, the width of the current collector is 0.3-5 cm.

Preferably, the width of the current collecting circuit is 0.3-3 cm.

As another preferred embodiment of the present application, the current collecting circuit may be further integrated in a conductive cloth, and is woven by low-resistance conductive filaments, and the low-resistance conductive filaments are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the self-fusing material and are woven at both ends of the conductive cloth.

The low-resistance conductive yarn is selected from spinning which takes one of silver, copper, iron, aluminum or alloy thereof as a conductive material, and comprises but is not limited to copper-plated nylon yarn, stainless steel-containing terylene blended yarn, copper-plated terylene yarn, aluminum-containing terylene filament yarn and flat copper yarn; the low-resistance conductive yarn is obtained in a manner not particularly limited, and may be made by oneself or purchased.

In this application, the band copper yarn means band copper covering core yarn.

The copper flat yarn may be purchased or self-made, and the purchasing merchants include, but are not limited to, Laiwlong Zhi Metal yarn, Inc. The third aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the self-fusing heating cloth, which comprises the following steps:

s1, weaving a self-fusing material and a non-conductive yarn into conductive cloth;

s2, arranging the current collecting circuit at the same side of two ends of the conductive cloth;

and S3, electrically connecting the current collecting circuit with one end of a lead, and electrically connecting the other end of the lead with a power interface to obtain the power supply.

As a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the self-fusing heating cloth comprises the following steps:

s1, weaving a self-fusing material and a non-conductive yarn into conductive cloth by using weft knitting equipment;

s2, sewing the current collecting circuit on the same side of two ends of the conductive cloth in a knitting mode;

and S3, electrically connecting the current collecting circuit with one end of a lead, and electrically connecting the other end of the lead with a power interface to obtain the power supply.

In a preferred embodiment, the self-fusing heating cloth further comprises a power control device, which can adjust the current, the power interval, the power time and the temperature.

The current collecting circuit is electrically connected with one end of the lead, the other end of the lead is electrically connected with the power supply control device, and the other end of the power supply control device is electrically connected with the power supply interface.

This application electrically conductive cloth is woven from fusing material and non-conductive silk and is formed, from fusing material comprises at least one sheath core fiber, sheath core fiber comprises fibre and metallic material, and the self-fusing heating cloth of making has the rate of rise of temperature fast concurrently, mechanical properties is good, excellent performance such as the temperature is even, especially has self-fusing performance, and the applicant finds, through the composition of suitable sheath core fiber and the thickness of sheath etc. for heating cloth can fuse by oneself after reaching certain temperature, thereby heating cloth stops heating, guesses the reason: the melting enthalpy of the sheath-core fiber is greatly related to the type, thickness and fiber type of the sheath material, when the thickness of the outer pin is 1-6 microns, the surface energy of the sheath material is larger, and the sheath material participates in the melting process of the sheath-core material, so that the heat required for melting is reduced, and the sheath-core fiber can be melted and broken at a certain temperature.

The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the starting materials used are all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.