Pyrotechnic circuit breaker
阅读说明:本技术 烟火断路器 (Pyrotechnic circuit breaker ) 是由 弗里德里克·马琳 让-保罗·纳多 罗曼·洛伦宗 于 2018-05-03 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及的烟火断路器(1)包括:主体(10);活塞(40),其沿第一方向(Z)安装在所述主体中,所述活塞具有包括切削刃(42a)的第一突出部(42);烟火点火器(30),以及汇流条(50)。当启动烟火点火器(30)时,活塞能够从较高位置移动至较低位置以将汇流条切割成两个不同的部分(50a,50b)。活塞还包括从其下表面(43)延伸出的第二突出部(44a),第二突出部延伸的距离(d1)大于第一突出部延伸的距离(d2)。汇流条(50)包括沿第一方向(Z)与所述第二突出部(44a)对准的孔(52a),第二突出部和孔相适配,使得当活塞从第一位置移动到第二位置时,第二突出部接合在孔中。(The invention relates to a pyrotechnic circuit breaker (1) comprising: a main body (10); a piston (40) mounted in the body in a first direction (Z), the piston having a first protrusion (42) including a cutting edge (42 a); a pyrotechnic igniter (30), and a bus bar (50). When the pyrotechnic igniter (30) is activated, the piston can be moved from a higher position to a lower position to cut the bus bar into two distinct portions (50a, 50 b). The piston further includes a second protrusion (44a) extending from a lower surface (43) thereof, the second protrusion extending a distance (d1) greater than a distance (d2) that the first protrusion extends. The bus bar (50) comprises a hole (52a) aligned with said second protrusion (44a) along the first direction (Z), the second protrusion and the hole being adapted such that the second protrusion engages in the hole when the piston is moved from the first position to the second position.)
1. A pyrotechnic circuit breaker (1) comprising:
-a main body (10),
-a piston (40) slidably mounted in the body along a first direction (Z), the piston having a first protrusion (42) extending from a lower surface (43) thereof, the first protrusion comprising a cutting edge (42a),
-a pyrotechnic igniter (30) adapted to drive the piston, and
-an electrically conductive bus bar (50) extending in a second direction (X) perpendicular to the first direction,
wherein the piston is adapted to move from a first position corresponding to a higher position to a second position corresponding to a lower position upon activation of the pyrotechnic igniter (30) to cut the bus bar into two distinct portions (50a, 50b),
characterized in that the piston further comprises a second protrusion (44a), the second protrusion (44a) extending a distance from the lower surface (43) of the piston greater than the distance (d1) that the first protrusion (d2) extends; the bus bar (50) comprises a hole (52a) aligned with the second protrusion (44a) along the first direction (Z), the second protrusion and the hole being adapted such that the second protrusion engages in the hole when the piston moves from the first position to the second position.
2. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker of claim 1, further comprising a drawer (60) supporting the bus bar and comprising a slot (63a) aligned with a hole (52a) in the bus bar (50) along the first direction (Z), in which slot the second projection engages when the piston is in the second position.
3. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker of claim 2, wherein the drawer (60) further comprises a receiving slot (61) on a face (62) of the drawer supporting the bus bar (50), the receiving slot being configured to cooperate with the first projection (42) of the piston and to receive one of the different portions (50b) of the bus bar when the bus bar is cut.
4. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second projection (44a) and the hole (52a) of the busbar (50) have an elongated shape in the second direction (X).
5. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the piston (40) further comprises a third projection (44b) extending from its lower surface (43), and the busbar (50) comprises two holes (52a, 52b) adapted to the second projection (44a) and to the third projection (44b) of the piston.
6. Pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the edges of the holes (52a) in the busbar have a chamfer.
7. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the edges of the second projection (44a) have a chamfer.
8. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein one of the piston (40) and the body (10) comprises at least one notch (45) and the other of the piston and the body comprises at least one respective rib (13), the notch and the respective rib being configured to cooperate when the piston is in the first position.
9. A protected circuit (100), comprising:
-a protected power supply system (110), and
-a power device (D) powered by the power supply system,
wherein the protected power supply system comprises:
-a pyrotechnic circuit breaker (1) according to any of claims 1 to 8,
-a power circuit (S) connected to both ends (51) of a bus bar (50) of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker (1), and
-control means (C) to activate a pyrotechnic igniter (30) of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker when the current in the power supply system reaches a predetermined threshold.
10. A device comprising the protected circuit (100) as defined in claim 9, the device being one of: automobiles, windmills, solar power devices, mobile vehicle power devices.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of pyrotechnic circuit breakers.
Pyrotechnic circuit breakers are widely used, for example, to disable an electrical circuit in response to abnormal use conditions. Conventional pyrotechnic circuit breakers use as conductive element a bus bar which can be cut or broken into two distinct portions by a piston in a direction transverse thereto in order to break the circuit by stopping the conduction of current between the two portions of the bus bar. In this context, we will refer to the cutting of the bus bar by the piston to indicate the state in which it is cut or broken by the piston. Documents WO 2016/038043, WO2016/038044 and WO 2016/038050 disclose known pyrotechnic circuit breakers.
When the piston is driven by a pyrotechnic igniter, the impact of the piston on the bus bar may cause the piston to move rotationally about its axis of displacement. In addition, when the material of the bus bar is soft or the bus bar is thin, the piston may bend and cut the bus bar improperly. As a result, the reliability of the circuit breaker is lowered.
Therefore, there is still a need to develop more reliable pyrotechnic circuit breakers.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide an actuator which is improved in view of the above technical problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pyrotechnic circuit breaker comprising:
-a body;
-a piston slidably mounted in the body in a first direction, the piston having a first protrusion extending from a lower surface thereof, the first protrusion including a cutting edge;
-a pyrotechnic igniter suitable for driving said piston, and
-an electrically conductive bus bar extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;
wherein the piston is adapted to move from a first position corresponding to a higher position to a second position corresponding to a lower position in order to cut the bus bar into two distinct portions upon activation of the pyrotechnic igniter;
the piston is characterized by further comprising a second protruding part, wherein the distance of the second protruding part extending from the lower surface of the piston is greater than the distance of the first protruding part extending; the bus bar includes a hole aligned with the second protrusion along the first direction, the second protrusion and the hole being adapted such that the second protrusion engages in the hole when the piston moves from the first position to the second position.
In the first position, the first projection of the piston is first separated from the bus bar by a predetermined distance (not zero). After the pyrotechnic igniter is activated, the piston rapidly begins to move from the first position to the second position. In an intermediate position between the first position and the second position, the second protrusion of the piston engages in the hole of the bus bar, while the cutting edge is not yet in contact with the bus bar (because the second protrusion extends a greater distance from the lower surface of the piston than the first protrusion). Then, as the piston continues to move, the cutting edge contacts the bus bar and divides the bus bar into two distinct portions, thereby blocking the current conduction of the bus bar. During cutting of the bus bar, the second protrusion is engaged in the hole to prevent the piston from rotating. Thus, when the cutting edge cuts the bus bar, the piston is guided to no longer rotate.
It will be appreciated that the second projection engages at the start of cutting of the bus bar until the bus bar is effectively severed, which typically occurs before the piston reaches the second or lower position. When the piston is in the second position, the second projection engages the remainder of the apertures of the two portions of the bus bar.
With this arrangement, when the cutting blade starts cutting the bus bar, the piston is prevented from rotating, and the cutting of the bus bar is more accurate. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker of the invention is therefore more reliable.
Another advantage of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker of the invention is that during cutting, the bus bar is also held in place (in particular it cannot move in the second direction) because the second projection engages with the hole and the two cooperate with each other. It should be understood that the second protrusion and the aperture may have complementary shapes (i.e., substantially the same shape) or different shapes, so long as the second protrusion is capable of cooperating with the aperture to achieve the technical effect described above.
The body and the piston may be made of an electrically insulating material. In one embodiment, the piston is cylindrical and may further include a circumferential groove in which a sealing gasket is retained.
In one embodiment, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker further comprises a drawer supporting the bus bar and including a slot aligned with the bore of the bus bar in the first direction, the second projection engaging in the slot when the piston is in the second position. The drawer may be inserted into a housing extending in the second direction within the main body. With this arrangement, after the bus bar is cut, the second projection in the piston passes through the bus bar and then engages in the slot of the drawer. The bus bar is thus held in place for a longer time until it is completely cut off, while the piston is guided for a longer time until it reaches the second position.
In one embodiment, the drawer further comprises a receiving groove on a face of the drawer supporting the bus bar, the receiving groove configured to engage with the first protrusion of the piston and receive one of the different portions of the bus bar when the bus bar is severed. With such an arrangement, since the bus bar is securely held by the second protrusion of the piston during cutting thereof (in particular, the bus bar cannot move in the second direction relative to the piston and the drawer), the first protrusion including the cutting edge cooperates with the receiving groove of the drawer so that they can act together like scissors to cut the bus bar. Therefore, this arrangement further improves the cutting of the bus bar.
In one embodiment, the second protrusion and the hole in the bus bar have an elongated shape in the second direction. By this arrangement, the effect of the holes on the electrical conductivity of the bus bar is reduced. In fact, the hole has an elongated shape in the second direction (i.e., in the direction in which the bus bar extends) and the cross section of the bus bar is reduced less than when the hole extends in the direction perpendicular to the second direction.
In one embodiment, the piston further comprises a third protrusion extending from a lower surface thereof, and the bus bar comprises two holes adapted to mate with the second and third protrusions of the piston. The second and third projections may be arranged symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker (such longitudinal axis may be parallel to the first direction and centered on the piston). It should be understood that the piston may include more than two protrusions (i.e., more protrusions than the second and third protrusions) for guiding the piston, and the bus bar may include a plurality of corresponding holes.
In one embodiment, the edges of the holes in the bus bars have a chamfer. Additionally or alternatively, the edge of the second projection also has a chamfer. By this arrangement, the second protrusion and/or the bus bar can compensate for small displacements of the piston to ensure engagement of the second protrusion with the bore. In other words, this feature allows the piston and/or the bus bar to be returned to the correct track if there is a small deflection of the piston during the movement from the first position to the second position. Thus, the reliability of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is further improved.
In one embodiment, one of the piston and the body includes at least one cutout, and the other of the piston and the body includes at least one corresponding rib, the cutout and the corresponding rib configured to mate when the piston is in the first position. By this arrangement, in the pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to the invention, the piston can be guided as soon as it starts moving, thereby further improving the reliability of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker. Furthermore, if the dimensions of the notch and rib in the first direction are greater than the distance (if any) separating the second projection from the bus bar in the first position, the piston will be guided all the way from the first position until the cutting edge cuts the bus bar. Further, if the pyrotechnic circuit breaker also comprises a drawer as described above, the piston can be guided from the first position up to the second position and prevented from rotating at any stage of its displacement.
It is another object of the invention to provide a protected circuit comprising:
-a protected power supply system, and
-an electrical device powered by the protected power supply system,
wherein the protected power supply system comprises:
-a pyrotechnic circuit breaker as previously described,
-a power supply circuit connected to both ends of a pyrotechnic circuit breaker busbar, and
-control means adapted to activate a pyrotechnic igniter of a pyrotechnic circuit breaker when the current in the power supply system reaches a predetermined threshold value.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a device comprising a protected circuit as described above, the device being one of: automobiles, windmills, solar power devices, mobile vehicle power devices.
Drawings
Additional features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows in detail, which description is illustrative only and is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Should be read with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:
figures 1A and 1B are a bottom exploded view and a top exploded view, respectively, of a pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figures 2A to 2C are cross-sectional views of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker of figures 1A and 1B at a plane II containing the axis Z and the axis X, when the piston is in the first, intermediate and second positions;
figures 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker of figures 1A and 1B at a plane III centred on the second projection of the piston and parallel to plane II, when the piston is in the first, intermediate and second position, respectively, and
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a protected circuit of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Figures 1A and 1B show exploded views in different directions of a
The
In this example, the
In the embodiment shown, the
The
In order to achieve the cutting of the
It should be noted that in this document the term "direction Z" (similarly X and Y) refers to the direction given by axis Z.
In the present invention, the
Still according to the invention, the
It should be noted that in this example, the distance d4 cannot be zero, because if d4 is zero, it is impossible to assemble the
In the embodiment shown in the figures, the second and
In the embodiment shown, the edges of the second and
In the illustrated embodiment, the
The
Typically, as shown in fig. 1B, the
The function of the
In fig. 2A and 3A, the
Then, in response to an activation signal, e.g. a signal from the control device C, the
Finally, the
Fig. 4 shows a protected
The control device C is adapted to activate the
The protected
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