Ignition device, combustion system and combustion method of internal combustion engine
阅读说明:本技术 一种内燃机点火装置、燃烧系统及燃烧方法 (Ignition device, combustion system and combustion method of internal combustion engine ) 是由 王志 李富柏 赵自庆 范钦灏 刘伟 于 2019-11-21 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及内燃机领域,公开了一种内燃机点火装置、燃烧系统及燃烧方法,其中点火装置包括射流室和点火机构;射流室的内部设有点火机构,射流室的一端插入主燃烧室且通过射流喷孔与主燃烧室连通,射流喷孔包括第一喷孔和第二喷孔,第一喷孔的孔径大于第二喷孔的孔径,第一喷孔用于在点火后向主燃烧室喷射火焰射流,第二喷孔用于在点火后向主燃烧室喷射自由基射流。本发明实施例提供的一种内燃机点火装置、燃烧系统及燃烧方法,通过射流火焰和活性自由基快速稳定的点燃主燃烧室内的稀薄混合气;还可有利于控制主燃烧室内的燃烧温度,有利于实现氮氧化物的近零排放,提高热效率。(The invention relates to the field of internal combustion engines, and discloses an ignition device, a combustion system and a combustion method of an internal combustion engine, wherein the ignition device comprises a jet flow chamber and an ignition mechanism; the inside of efflux room is equipped with ignition mechanism, and the one end of efflux room inserts main combustion chamber and communicates with main combustion chamber through the efflux orifice, and the efflux orifice includes first orifice and second orifice, and the aperture of first orifice is greater than the aperture of second orifice, and first orifice is used for after igniteing to main combustion chamber jet flame jet, and the second orifice is used for after igniteing to main combustion chamber jet free radical jet. According to the ignition device, the combustion system and the combustion method of the internal combustion engine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber is quickly and stably ignited through jet flow flame and active free radicals; the method is also beneficial to controlling the combustion temperature in the main combustion chamber, realizing the near zero emission of nitrogen oxide and improving the thermal efficiency.)
1. An ignition device of an internal combustion engine, characterized by comprising a jet chamber and an ignition mechanism; the inside of efflux chamber is equipped with ignition mechanism, the one end of efflux chamber insert main combustion chamber and through the efflux orifice with main combustion chamber intercommunication, the efflux orifice includes first orifice and second orifice, the aperture of first orifice is greater than the aperture of second orifice, first orifice is used for after igniteing to main combustion chamber jet flame jet, the second orifice is used for after igniteing to main combustion chamber jet free radical jet.
2. The ignition device of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a cavity is externally connected to the other end of the jet chamber, one end of the cavity communicates with a direct injection nozzle for injecting ignition fuel into the cavity, and the cavity is provided at the other end with a vaporization nozzle hole and communicates with the jet chamber through the vaporization nozzle hole.
3. The internal combustion engine ignition device according to claim 1, wherein the second nozzle hole is located at a middle portion of an end surface of the jet chamber, the first nozzle hole is located at a periphery of the second nozzle hole, and a jet direction of the first nozzle hole is inclined outward.
4. The internal combustion engine ignition device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first nozzle holes are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of one end of the jet chamber; or the first spray holes are grouped into a group two by two, the plurality of groups of first spray holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of one end of the jet chamber, and the jet directions of the two first spray holes in any group are intersected.
5. The internal combustion engine ignition device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the aperture of the first nozzle hole is 1.5 to 2.5 mm; the aperture of the second spray hole is 0.5-1.0 mm; the ratio of the volume of the jet chamber to the volume of the main combustion chamber is less than or equal to 3%.
6. The internal combustion engine ignition device of claim 2, wherein said vaporization orifices are symmetrically distributed about said ignition mechanism; the ignition fuel comprises a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel.
7. An internal combustion engine combustion system comprising the internal combustion engine ignition device of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an air inlet nozzle in communication with the main combustion chamber, wherein the air inlet nozzle is configured to inject combustion fuel into the main combustion chamber, and the main combustion chamber is movably coupled to a piston.
8. A combustion method for an internal combustion engine based on the ignition device for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
introducing combustion fuel into the main combustion chamber to form thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber;
injecting ignition fuel into the jet chamber in gaseous or mist form;
igniting in the jet chamber;
the aperture of the jet flow spray hole on the jet flow chamber is controlled, so that two jet flows, namely flame jet flow and free radical jet flow, are sprayed from the jet flow chamber to the main combustion chamber.
9. The combustion method of an internal combustion engine according to claim 8, further comprising, after injecting the ignition fuel in a gaseous or mist state into the jet chamber, before ignition in the jet chamber:
the lean mixture inside the main combustion chamber is compressed.
10. The combustion method of an internal combustion engine according to claim 8, wherein an excess air ratio of the lean mixture is 1.5 or more.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to an ignition device, a combustion system and a combustion method of an internal combustion engine.
Background
The internal combustion engine is used as the most important power source in the transportation field, and plays an important role in the process of economic development and social progress. However, in recent years, with the increase in the amount of stored internal combustion engines, the consumption of fossil energy has been rapidly increased, and environmental problems such as air pollution and greenhouse effect have become increasingly serious. Therefore, the transformation and the upgrading of the energy-saving and emission-reducing technology of the internal combustion engine are more and more urgent due to the energy and environmental problems. For internal combustion engines, lean burn strategies with high excess air ratios are an effective path to improve thermal efficiency and reduce emissions.
However, under lean conditions with a high excess air ratio, the laminar flame speed of the combustible mixture is slow, the flame thickness increases, and it is difficult for the conventional spark plug with limited ignition energy to establish a minute flame kernel close to the flame thickness and maintain stable growth of the flame kernel, thereby easily causing misfire.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an ignition device, a combustion system and a combustion method of an internal combustion engine, which are used for solving or partially solving the problem that a traditional spark plug is difficult to establish a tiny fire core close to the thickness of flame and is easy to cause fire under the existing lean-burn condition with a high excess air coefficient.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ignition device of an internal combustion engine, which comprises a jet flow chamber and an ignition mechanism; the inside of efflux chamber is equipped with ignition mechanism, the one end of efflux chamber insert main combustion chamber and through the efflux orifice with main combustion chamber intercommunication, the efflux orifice includes first orifice and second orifice, the aperture of first orifice is greater than the aperture of second orifice, first orifice is used for after igniteing to main combustion chamber jet flame jet, the second orifice is used for after igniteing to main combustion chamber jet free radical jet.
On the basis of above-mentioned scheme, the other end external connection of efflux room has the cavity, the one end and the direct injection nozzle of cavity are linked together, the direct injection nozzle be used for to spout into ignition fuel in the cavity, the cavity is equipped with the vaporization orifice and passes through at the other end the vaporization orifice with efflux room intercommunication.
On the basis of the scheme, the second spray hole is located in the middle of one end face of the jet chamber, the first spray hole is located on the periphery of the second spray hole, and the jet direction of the first spray hole is inclined outwards.
On the basis of the scheme, the first spray holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of one end of the jet flow chamber; or the first spray holes are grouped into a group two by two, the plurality of groups of first spray holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of one end of the jet chamber, and the jet directions of the two first spray holes in any group are intersected.
On the basis of the scheme, the aperture of the first spray hole is 1.5-2.5 mm; the aperture of the second spray hole is 0.5-1.0 mm; the ratio of the volume of the jet chamber to the volume of the main combustion chamber is less than or equal to 3%.
On the basis of the scheme, the vaporization spray holes are symmetrically distributed about the ignition mechanism; the ignition fuel comprises a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel.
The embodiment of the invention provides a combustion system of an internal combustion engine, which comprises the ignition device of the internal combustion engine and an air inlet nozzle communicated with a main combustion chamber, wherein the air inlet nozzle is used for injecting combustion fuel into the main combustion chamber, and the main combustion chamber is movably connected with a piston.
The embodiment of the invention provides an internal combustion engine combustion method based on the internal combustion engine ignition device, which comprises the following steps: introducing combustion fuel into the main combustion chamber to form thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber; injecting ignition fuel into the jet chamber in gaseous or mist form; igniting in the jet chamber; the aperture of the jet flow spray hole on the jet flow chamber is controlled, so that two jet flows, namely flame jet flow and free radical jet flow, are sprayed from the jet flow chamber to the main combustion chamber.
On the basis of the above scheme, after the ignition fuel is injected into the jet flow chamber in a gaseous or mist state, and before ignition is performed in the jet flow chamber, the method further comprises the following steps: the lean mixture inside the main combustion chamber is compressed.
On the basis of the scheme, the excess air coefficient of the lean mixture is more than or equal to 1.5.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ignition device, a combustion system and a combustion method of an internal combustion engine.A jet flow chamber is arranged, and the thin mixed gas in a main combustion chamber can be quickly and stably ignited by jet flow flame and active free radicals through jet flow ignition; through the arrangement of the first spray hole and the second spray hole, a plurality of flame surfaces and a plurality of active islands which are divergently distributed, namely high-temperature free radicals can be formed in the main combustion chamber, so that the thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber releases heat in a distributed and staged manner, and the combustion which is rapid and stable and does not knock is realized; the method is also beneficial to controlling the combustion temperature in the main combustion chamber, realizing the near zero emission of nitrogen oxide and improving the thermal efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combustion system of an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a first distribution of first nozzles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view illustrating a second distribution of first nozzles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a direct injection nozzle; 2-an ignition mechanism; 3-vaporization spray hole;
4-main combustion chamber; 5, a piston; 6-flame jet flow;
7-radical jet; 8-active island; 9-a jet chamber;
10-an air inlet nozzle; 11-cavity body; 12 — a first orifice;
13-second nozzle hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
An ignition device of an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, includes a
The ignition device of the internal combustion engine provided by the embodiment adopts jet ignition, the
One end of the
The ignition device for the internal combustion engine is provided with a
The jet ignition can quickly and stably ignite the lean mixture in the combustion chamber through jet flame and active free radicals, the ignition energy of the jet ignition can be improved by several orders of magnitude compared with that of a traditional spark plug, and the jet ignition is a novel ignition technology capable of effectively and stably realizing the lean combustion with high excess air coefficient. The jet ignition system integrates a conventional spark plug and an oil injector to form a small-
Through the arrangement of the
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the other end of the
The cavity 11 is a hollow cavity and is disposed at the other end of the
The cavity 11 and the vaporization nozzle hole 3 are provided so that ignition fuel ejected from the direct injection nozzle 1 needs to be injected into the
The cavity 11 thus acts like a vaporization of the ignition fuel, in particular of the liquid fuel, so that the liquid fuel is sprayed uniformly into the
Further, the aperture of the vaporization orifice 3 is preferably 0.3 to 0.6 mm. Is favorable for forming better atomization effect on the liquid fuel.
In addition to the above embodiments, the
The
The jet direction of the
Further, the end of one end of the
Further, referring to fig. 2, the first nozzle holes 12 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of one end of the
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the aperture of the
In addition to the above embodiment, the ratio of the volume of the
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the vaporization nozzle holes 3 are symmetrically distributed about the ignition mechanism; the ignition fuel comprises a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel. The ignition mechanism 2 may be mounted centrally on top of the
Further, the ignition mechanism 2 may also adopt an ignition mode such as a glow plug, a corona, a microwave, or the like, specifically may be a spark plug, a glow plug, a laser igniter, a corona igniter, or a microwave igniter, and may also be other structures capable of realizing ignition, without limitation.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the present embodiment provides a combustion system of an internal combustion engine, the combustion system of an internal combustion engine includes the ignition device of an internal combustion engine according to any one of the above embodiments, and further includes an
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the present embodiment provides an internal combustion engine combustion method based on the internal combustion engine ignition device of any of the above embodiments, the internal combustion engine combustion method including: introducing combustion fuel into the main combustion chamber 4 to form thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber 4; injecting ignition fuel into the
The ignition fuel may be a gaseous fuel, where the ignition fuel is injected into the
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, after injecting the ignition fuel into the
In addition to the above embodiment, the excess air ratio of the lean mixture is 1.5 or more. The combustion method of the internal combustion engine is suitable for ignition combustion of the lean mixture with the excess air coefficient, and is beneficial to improving the heat efficiency and reducing the emission.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, for lean combustion with high air excess coefficient, it is necessary to propose an ignition combustion organization method and an implementation device with faster and more stable combustion based on the combustion theory in order to obtain higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions.
The combustion organization method and the device thereof related to the embodiment comprise an engine, an
The
The top of the
Under the compression action of the piston 5, the thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber 4 is extruded into the
The embodiment aims to provide an organizing method and an implementing device thereof, which can realize the rapid and stable combustion of lean mixture with high excess air coefficient. The combustion organization method and the device thereof can simultaneously generate
The distributed gas phase jet ignition combustion organizing method and the device thereof disclosed by the embodiment comprise a DGI igniter (containing a fuel vaporization cavity, namely a cavity 11), a
The fuel is vaporized in the cavity 11 and is injected into the
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
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