阅读说明：本技术 一种用于生菜的栽培基质及其制备方法 (Culture medium for lettuce and preparation method thereof ) 是由 赵自超 姚利 辛淑荣 张海兰 单洪涛 郭兵 杨正涛 于 2019-12-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请提供了一种用于生菜的栽培基质,其原料包括以下质量份的组分：5～7份的瓜菜秸秆和食用菌菌渣的发酵产物,2～3份的蛭石,1～2份的珍珠岩；本申请还提供了一种用于生菜的栽培基质的制备方法；本申请以瓜菜秸秆和食用菌菌渣的发酵产物为主料,以蛭石和珍珠岩为辅料,上述发酵产物具有较高的营养价值,可以提升作物的产量和品质,可以完全替代常规基质中的草炭,既节约了草炭资源,又治理了瓜菜秸秆和食用菌菌渣等废弃物,变废为宝,缓解了资源与生态环境压力,实现瓜菜秸秆和食用菌菌渣的资源化利用,提高了农业的可持续发展。(The application provides a culture medium for lettuce, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5-7 parts of fermentation products of melon and vegetable straws and edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of perlite; the application also provides a preparation method of the culture medium for lettuce; the fermentation product of melon and vegetable straw and edible fungus dregs is used as the main material, vermiculite and perlite are used as auxiliary materials, the fermentation product has higher nutritive value, the yield and the quality of crops can be improved, turf in conventional matrixes can be completely replaced, turf resources of turf are saved, wastes such as melon and vegetable straw and edible fungus dregs are treated, waste is changed into valuable, the pressure of resources and ecological environment is relieved, the resource recycling of melon and vegetable straw and edible fungus dregs is realized, and the sustainable development of agriculture is improved.)

1. The culture medium for lettuce is characterized by being formed by mixing a plurality of raw materials, wherein the raw materials of the culture medium comprise the following components in parts by mass: 5-7 parts of fermentation products of melon and vegetable straws and edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of perlite.

2. A method for preparing a culture medium for lettuce as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps carried out in this order:

1) preparing fermentation products of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues: firstly, uniformly mixing melon and vegetable straws and edible fungus residues according to the volume ratio of 1:1, then adding a microbial agent for composting fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 1.0-1.5 m, and the stacking width is 1-3 m;

controlling the temperature of the fermentation material to be 55-65 ℃ in the fermentation process, controlling the moisture content of the fermentation material to be 55-65 wt%, turning the fermentation material once every 3 days, and keeping the fermentation duration to be 10-15 days;

after the compost fermentation is finished, obtaining black brown fluffy decomposed materials which are fermentation products of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues;

2) uniformly mixing the melon and vegetable straws prepared in the step 1) with fermentation products of edible fungus residues, vermiculite and perlite according to a formula to obtain the culture medium.

3. The preparation method of the culture medium for lettuce according to claim 2, wherein before the step 1), the juice is primarily removed by squeezing the melon and vegetable straws through an external force, and the water content of the squeezed and dehydrated melon and vegetable straws is controlled to be 55-65 wt% and the particle size is 0.5-1.0 cm.

4. The preparation method of the culture medium for lettuce as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grain size of the edible fungus residues is 0.5-1.0 cm, and the water content is 55-65 wt%.

5. The preparation method of the culture medium for lettuce as claimed in claim 2, wherein the particle size of vermiculite is 2-4 mm.

6. The preparation method of the culture medium for lettuce as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture, in particular to a culture medium for lettuce and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Soilless culture is largely divided into two categories, namely substrate-free culture and substrate culture, according to the fixing mode of the soilless culture. The cultivation without the substrate is divided into two types of water cultivation and fog cultivation. The substrate cultivation features that the root system of the cultivated crop is fixed by substrate, and the root system of the crop is fixed in organic or inorganic substrate, the organic substrate includes peat, rice husk, bark, etc., and the inorganic substrate includes vermiculite, pearlite, rock wool, haydite, gravel, sponge soil, etc. as support medium, and the crop nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation or trickle irrigation. In most cases, the substrate cultivation has the advantages of coordinated water, fertilizer and gas, sufficient supply, low equipment investment, convenience for local material taking, and excellent and stable production performance; the disadvantages are large volume of the matrix, time and labor consumption and great difficulty in filling, disinfection and residual root treatment during recycling.

Matrix cultivation is the most common mode of soilless culture of leafy vegetables. Turf is the most effective culture substrate raw material which is generally accepted, but is a non-renewable resource, and the resource and the environment are influenced by the large-scale exploitation. At present, the domestic demand of the grass carbon mainly depends on import, the price of the grass carbon is higher and higher, and the cost of producing the matrix is also higher and higher. Therefore, the seeking of a substrate raw material for replacing turf is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.

The facility agriculture is a modern agriculture mode for carrying out high-efficiency production of animals and plants by adopting engineering technical means under the relatively controllable environment condition. The facility agriculture includes facility planting, facility cultivation, facility edible fungi and the like. The facility agriculture adopts artificial technology means to change natural light and temperature conditions and create environment factors for optimizing the growth of animals and plants so as to enable the animals and plants to grow in all weather.

The planting area of facility melons, vegetables and edible fungi in China is increased year by year, a large amount of melon, vegetable straws and edible fungi residues are increased, and at present, about 2/3 melon, vegetable straws and edible fungi residues are not effectively utilized, so that a series of environmental and ecological problems are caused, and the sustainable development of agriculture is seriously influenced.

Therefore, how to recycle the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues as resources, reduce resource waste, reduce environmental pollution and improve the sustainable development of agriculture is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the technical field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a culture medium for lettuce. Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a culture substrate for lettuce.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a culture medium for lettuce is formed by mixing a plurality of raw materials, wherein the raw materials of the culture medium comprise the following components in parts by mass: 5-7 parts of fermentation products of melon and vegetable straws and edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of perlite.

The preparation method of the culture medium for the lettuce comprises the following steps of:

1) preparing fermentation products of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues: firstly, uniformly mixing melon and vegetable straws and edible fungus residues according to the volume ratio of 1:1, then adding a microbial agent for composting fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 1.0-1.5 m, and the stacking width is 1-3 m;

controlling the temperature of the fermentation material to be 55-65 ℃ in the fermentation process, controlling the moisture content of the fermentation material to be 55-65 wt%, turning the fermentation material once every 3 days, and keeping the fermentation duration to be 10-15 days;

after the compost fermentation is finished, obtaining black brown fluffy decomposed materials which are fermentation products of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues;

2) uniformly mixing the melon and vegetable straws prepared in the step 1) with fermentation products of edible fungus residues, vermiculite and perlite according to a formula to obtain the culture medium.

Preferably, before the step 1), the juice of the melon and vegetable straws is primarily removed through external force extrusion, and the water content of the extruded and dehydrated melon and vegetable straws is controlled to be 55-65 wt% and the granularity is 0.5-1.0 cm.

Preferably, the granularity of the edible fungus residues is 0.5-1.0 cm, and the water content is 55-65 wt%.

Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm.

Preferably, the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm.

The application has the following beneficial technical effects:

1) the lettuce cultivation substrate provided by the invention takes fermentation products of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues as main materials, takes vermiculite and perlite as auxiliary materials, and fermentation products of aerobic fermentation of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues have higher nutritional value, so that the yield and the quality of crops can be improved, turf in a conventional substrate can be completely replaced, on one hand, organic mineral resources are saved, on the other hand, another way is provided for treating wastes such as the melon and vegetable straws, the edible fungus residues and the like, the pressure of resources and ecological environment is relieved, the current melon and vegetable straw and edible fungus residue resources are utilized, waste is changed into wealth, the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues are recycled, and the lettuce cultivation substrate has remarkable economic benefit and ecological benefit and wide application prospect.

2) The lettuce cultivation medium provided by the invention has good physical properties and rich nutrition, can ensure the continuous nutritional requirement of lettuce, and can improve the lettuce quality, such as increasing the content of quality indexes such as vitamin C, soluble sugar and the like.

3) Most raw materials of the lettuce cultivation medium provided by the invention can be obtained from local materials, the operation method is simple, the raw material source is wide, and the cost can be reduced.

4) In the invention, firstly, the juice of the melon and vegetable straws is preliminarily removed through external force extrusion, then the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, the water content of the melon and vegetable straws after extrusion dehydration is controlled to be 55 wt% -65 wt%, the water content of the edible fungus residues is controlled to be about 60 wt%, and no additional water needs to be added in the initial composting period of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is the effect of the culture substrate for lettuce prepared in examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example on the yield and quality of lettuce.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and not to limit the scope of the claims.

The application provides a culture medium for lettuce, the culture medium is formed by mixing a plurality of raw materials, and the raw materials of the culture medium comprise the following components in parts by mass: 5-7 parts of fermentation products of melon and vegetable straws and edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of perlite.

The application also provides a preparation method of the culture medium for the lettuce, which comprises the following steps in sequence:

1) preparing fermentation products of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues: firstly, uniformly mixing melon and vegetable straws and edible fungus residues according to the volume ratio of 1:1, then adding a microbial agent for composting fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 1.0-1.5 m, and the stacking width is 1-3 m;

controlling the temperature of the fermentation material to be 55-65 ℃ in the fermentation process, controlling the moisture content of the fermentation material to be 55-65 wt%, turning the fermentation material once every 3 days, and keeping the fermentation duration to be 10-15 days;

after the compost fermentation is finished, obtaining black brown fluffy decomposed materials which are fermentation products of the melon and vegetable straws and the edible fungus residues;

2) uniformly mixing the melon and vegetable straws prepared in the step 1) with fermentation products of edible fungus residues, vermiculite and perlite according to a formula to obtain the culture medium.

In one embodiment of the application, before the step 1), the juice of the melon and vegetable straws is primarily removed through external force extrusion, and the water content of the extruded and dehydrated melon and vegetable straws is controlled to be 55 wt% -65 wt% and the granularity is 0.5-1.0 cm.

In one embodiment of the application, the granularity of the edible fungus residues is 0.5-1.0 cm, and the water content is 55-65 wt%.

In one embodiment of the application, the particle size of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm.

In one embodiment of the present application, the perlite has a particle size of 2 to 4 mm.

In the application, the fermentation product of the melon and vegetable straw and the edible fungus residue has the functions and effects in the formula: providing nutrients and nutrient substances required by lettuce as a matrix carrier; the function and function of vermiculite in the formula are as follows: the porosity, air permeability and water holding capacity of the matrix are increased; the function and function of the perlite in the formula are as follows: fix the lettuce, prevent the lettuce from lodging and control the fertilizer efficiency and the fertilizer degree.

In the application, the melon and vegetable straw refers to inedible parts such as roots, stems, leaves and the like discarded in the growth process or after harvesting of melons and partial vegetables, such as vines and the like discarded in the growth process of melons, cucumbers, tomatoes and the like.

In the application, the edible fungus residues refer to waste materials after cultivation of edible fungi such as shiitake mushrooms, flammulina velutipes and pleurotus eryngii.

In the application, the microbial agent is a VT100 microbial agent.

For further understanding of the present invention, the cultivation substrate for lettuce and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.