阅读说明：本技术 结构模块化建筑物连接器 (Structure modular building connector ) 是由 J·宝隆 于 2015-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开结构模块化建筑物连接器,并涉及一种连接器组件,其具有联接至下部连接器的上部连接器和夹持在上部连接器与下部连接器之间的角撑板。此外,公开了可升降连接器组件、提升框架组件、用于模块化框架单元的联接系统、用于利用连接器组件组装模块单元的方法以及模块化框架单元和具有连接器组件的建筑物。(The invention discloses a structural modular building connector and relates to a connector assembly having an upper connector coupled to a lower connector and a gusset plate sandwiched between the upper and lower connectors. Furthermore, a liftable connector assembly, a lifting frame assembly, a coupling system for a modular frame unit, a method for assembling a modular unit with a connector assembly, and a modular frame unit and a building with a connector assembly are disclosed.)

1. A connector assembly comprising an upper connector coupled to a lower connector and a gusset plate sandwiched between the upper connector and the lower connector,

the lower connector includes:

a lower connector body having a lower connector body column receiving end adapted to receive a first end of a first module frame and a lower connector body gusset plate contacting end adapted to couple to the gusset plate;

at least one pair of lower connector arms, each lower connector arm coupled to, extending from, and having a lower connector arm inner face, a lower connector arm outer face, a lower connector arm gusset contact face, a lower connector arm load bearing face, and a lower connector arm beam contact face, the beam contact face positioned distal of the lower connector body, each lower connector arm having at least one securing hole on the load bearing face for receiving a fastening device that couples the lower connector to the upper connector; and

a lower connector arm boss coupled to and extending from the beam contact face of each arm, the boss having a lower connector arm weld receiving chamfer extending from the distal end of the arm and a lower connector arm weld backing extending from the chamfer;

the gusset includes:

a gusset plate first face, a gusset plate second face, and a gusset plate through hole for receiving a coupling and fastening device that couples the upper connector and the lower connector.

2. The connector assembly of claim 1, further comprising a locating pin positioned on the gusset plate first face for engaging a locating pin receiving aperture on a lower connector body gusset plate contact face to locate the lower connector on the gusset plate.

3. The connector assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower connector arm gusset contact face lies in a plane defined by the lower connector body gusset contact face.

4. The connector assembly of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the securing aperture is positioned adjacent the lower connector arm inner face to provide a load bearing surface adjacent the lower connector arm outer face.

5. The connector assembly of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lower connector arm load bearing surface is spaced from the lower connector body column receiving end.

6. The connector assembly of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the lower connector arm boss is located adjacent the lower connector arm outer face and spaced from an edge adjacent the lower connector arm inner face.

7. The connector assembly of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a flange or plate extending from an arm of the lower connector towards the inner face of the lower connector.

8. The connector assembly of claim 7, wherein the flange or plate is coplanar with the lower connector arm load bearing surface.

9. The connector assembly of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the lower connector has a cut-out on the outer face, the arm of the connector extending towards the outer face of the arm.

10. The connector assembly of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the lower connector further comprises a slot on the gusset contact face for receiving a bar on a gusset face.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a connector assembly, a liftable connector assembly employing the connector assembly, a method for coupling a modular support unit having the connector assembly, a method for assembling a modular unit having the connector assembly, and a building having the connector assembly.

Background

Prefabricated modular building units constructed from standard components in a controlled factory setting are desirable due to the reduced cost and improved quality that can be achieved compared to performing similar operations on an outdoor building site.

Accordingly, prefabricated modular building units having floors, walls and superstructure and containing all pre-installed systems and equipment within the interior are preferred and known in the art. Building assembly systems including means and methods for joining two or more modular building units together to form a larger structure are also well known in the art.

Means for engaging specially prepared holes on the upper or side surfaces of a structural frame to provide a releasable connection to lift and move modular building units are well known in the art.

A limitation of the construction of slim or high-rise buildings with factory-fabricated modules is that economically constructed modules cannot resist and transmit the torque and tension forces caused by wind and seismic forces and the large compressive loads caused by the gravitational effects of the building and occupants. Furthermore, all of these force types are exaggerated by the narrowing of one or both axes of the building. These effects are greatest in the lower floors and grow in proportion to the increase in height and slenderness, so the forces are also greatest at the lower floors. Many modular structural systems are characterized by pinned features of connection between adjacent modules and the lack of diagonal support beyond what is required for integrity during transport can limit the effectiveness of force transmission through larger assemblies of conventional module types.

The state of the art for constructing tall or elongated buildings from modules as taught by the technology cited herein is to maintain economies of scale of manufacture by reinforcing the integrity of all the modules making up the building so that all resist the forces in a distributed manner, as with large numbers of marine shipping containers; or with large columns positioned inside or outside the walls of all modules, forming alternative load paths; or constructing an adjoining or interconnected support frame that bypasses the modules and transfers large loads through the secondary structure to the ground; or with tie rods or cables that pass vertically through the building to anchor the modules in a manner that resists lifting and lateral shifting. All of the above solutions may have limitations in terms of achievable resistance to forces and transmission of forces, or require the installation of additional structures, which in turn may limit the height that can be achieved or increase the amount of material used, thus increasing costs.

In addition, construction methods employing larger columns, particularly when grouped at corners or occurring at intermediate locations within the walls, result in greater space between modules, and/or walls of increased thickness that reduce the usable floor area of the resulting building, and/or limit the free use of voids and walls for purposes of installing equipment such as for cubicles and shower stalls, and/or the occupants put other restrictions on the use of space, thereby reducing the value of the resulting building.

In addition, the modular building construction method employing the second frame increases assembly time for the building, increases cost and duration of construction and reduces available floor area, thereby reducing the value of the resulting building.

Because the increased variation increases the number of specific parts that must be measured, cut, and stocked until used, it is not desirable to form a variety of different module types each with unique details with respect to the forces acting on the modules within the building. In addition, the arrangement of the manufacturing tools, which require precise positioning of the parts with respect to each other for assembly, is error-prone and therefore generally carried out by the skilled person, any increase in the number of arrangements thus increasing production time and costs.

Since the components comprising the mesh structure must be nearly the same length, creating the multiple features required to accurately assemble the modules by welding or otherwise, subsequent positioning and attachment of the subassemblies from which the modules are manufactured, suspension and lifting of the finished modules, and fastening of the modules to form a structurally friendly grouping that provides redundancy and adequate load paths as currently practiced requires many precision cutting and assembly operations, which increases cost.

It is well known in the art that moment-connected module frames or building frames reduce the need for diagonal reinforcing elements that would otherwise obstruct the view of occupants and obstruct the installation and maintenance of building equipment. However, the moment connections required for the expansion splice plates as connection devices require clear access to one or more faces of the module, thereby increasing the amount of packaging and finishing work that must be done on site.

Some embodiments of modular buildings best suited to field conditions, the needs of the occupants and the aesthetic tastes of architects or owners may be composed of modular forms having non-right angle shapes, including tapered, curved, polygonal, etc., however, existing systems for construction of structural modules adapted to high rise building structures are not inherently suited to non-right angle shapes.

The varying shape of the modules and the varying positions of the walls, fixtures and other components cause the center of gravity of the modules used to construct a building or to lay the individual floors of the building to vary. To facilitate the arrangement while reducing the clearance to a minimum, it is desirable to have the side walls of the modules oriented as close to vertical as possible during lifting. The fact is that lengthy delays and repeated trial lifts are required to cause adjustment of the rigging to achieve this desirable condition. The time required to effect the required change in turn increases the overall duration of the lifting operation, thus increasing the cost for the workers and equipment, such as cranes, and delaying the completion of the building.

The need for less precise placement and interconnection of the modules increases the amount of space required between the modules, which increases the difficulty of making the structure fire resistant and interconnecting the members in order to achieve the greatest possible strength, as well as makes integration of the modules into the structural group more difficult, as well as wasting space and providing space for the circulation of sound, smoke and parasites.

The size of the modules and the positional arrangement of the components within the modules define the location and size of the exterior wall finish, mechanical maintenance, adjoining and abutting modules and support structure beneath the building and have interdependencies between all elements making up the modular building.

Drawings

Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate example embodiments of the present application, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the lower corner connector from the side;

FIG. 2 is another perspective view from the inside of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 3 is yet another perspective view from the inside of the inverted lower corner connector of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view from the side of the upper corner connector;

FIG. 5 is another perspective view from the inside of the upper corner connector;

FIG. 6 is another perspective view from the outside of the inverted upper corner connector of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the lower connector;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of an inverted lower connector;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a portion of the modular frame showing the connection between the upper corner connectors and the lower corner connectors;

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a coupling assembly connecting two modular frames;

FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of a linking assembly connecting four modular frames;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the coupling assembly connecting the modular frames as shown in FIG. 11;

fig. 13 is a perspective view of a hall plate having a base for coupling to a connector assembly as disclosed herein;

FIG. 14 discloses portions of an embodiment of a modular frame having a connector assembly disclosed herein;

FIG. 15 discloses a top view of a portion of an embodiment of a modular frame having a connector assembly disclosed herein;

FIG. 16 discloses a top view of a portion of an embodiment of a modular frame having a connector assembly disclosed herein;

FIG. 17 discloses a perspective view of a portion of an embodiment of a modular frame having a connector assembly disclosed herein;

FIG. 18 discloses a perspective view of a portion of an embodiment of a modular frame having a connector assembly disclosed herein;

FIG. 19 discloses a perspective view of a portion of another embodiment of a modular frame having a connector assembly disclosed herein;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view from the side of the second and third embodiments of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 21 is another perspective view from the side of the fourth embodiment of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view from the side of the fifth embodiment of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view from the side of the sixth embodiment of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view from the side of the second embodiment of the upper corner connector;

FIG. 25 is a side elevational view of the seventh embodiment of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view from the outside of the seventh embodiment of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 27(a and b) are perspective views showing the top and bottom of the post of the connector size transition adapter;

fig. 28 is a perspective view from the side of the eighth embodiment of the lower board connector;

fig. 29 is a top view of the lower board connector shown in fig. 28;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view from the side of the third embodiment of the upper corner connector;

FIG. 31 is a top view of the third embodiment of the upper corner connector shown in FIG. 30;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view from the side of the ninth embodiment of the lower corner connector;

FIG. 33 is a top view of a ninth embodiment of a lower corner connector;

FIG. 34(a and b) are perspective (a) and top (b) views of an embodiment of a gusset;

FIG. 35 is a perspective view from the side of the fourth embodiment of the upper corner connector;

FIG. 36 is an exploded perspective view of the coupling assembly showing an embodiment of the upper and lower connectors with gussets therebetween;

FIG. 37 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the coupling assembly showing an embodiment of the upper and lower connectors with gussets therebetween;

fig. 38(a and b) shows an embodiment of a gusset (a) and another embodiment of a gusset with a connecting piece (b);

FIG. 39(a and b) shows a side view (a) and a perspective view (b) of a structurally graded stack with an increased number of vertical elements; and

fig. 40(a and b) show another embodiment of a side view (a) and a perspective view (b) of a structurally graded stack with vertical elements of increased size.

Detailed Description

The application of the invention disclosed herein, and some related aspects, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art, have been illustrated and disclosed in related PCT application number PCT/CA2014/050110, filed 2, month 14, 2014, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention helps to solve the need for a compact, precise, supporting load, connecting torque, versatile and complete system for orienting and assembling the relevant components of the module frame, which can facilitate the quick and reliable installation and lifting of the finished modules and provide for the connection of the modules to each other and to other necessary components of the building without the need for excessive unfinished area, so as to fully utilize the structural characteristics of the modules, which define and reduce the number of parts, provide features that do not require the implementation of complex connections in the manufacturing coupling area, excessive precision in the cutting of the required materials, and difficult locations and difficult welds in multiple precise configurations.

In particular, the invention relates to a system for manufacturing and assembling building modules and interconnecting the modules to form components of a building made up of these modules, and also to a method for defining the number, selection and articulation of those components for forming modules suitable for a particular structure.

The present invention may also help address the need for a system of components and methods of operation that allow manufacturers to economically and safely construct various types of buildings, from a single dwelling to many forms of tall buildings, including but not limited to right angle, conical, radial, and curvilinear shapes, that exceed 20 stories.

This description has been initially divided into sections for each component or group of components for ease of reading.

Corner block

The present invention provides upper and lower load bearing connectors or blocks which in one embodiment are corner blocks. In particular embodiments, the blocks are substantially quadrilateral, and in other embodiments have a polygonal or asymmetric shape. These blocks can be mass produced with features that provide multiple functions, to concentrate on precise operations in small numbers and sizes of objects, and to reduce the number and complexity of jobs that must be performed on other components. The upper and lower blocks have different forms and in one embodiment are located on the upper and lower ends of vertical corner members (columns) of generally inclined, tubular or fabricated form which perform the function of the multi-layer columns when the modules so constructed are joined to form larger or higher structures using features on the blocks.

Likewise, when the modules so constructed are connected to form a larger or wider structure, other features on the blocks engage the horizontal members of the building and perform the function of a continuous horizontal member.

In particular embodiments, the block has arms that project at a plurality of angles including, but not limited to, perpendicular to the surface of the block for providing positioning and welding of the abutment members at the plurality of angles. In particular embodiments, the present invention thus facilitates the manufacture and installation of modules including, but not limited to, right angle, tapered, radiused, and curved. The positioning of the threaded holes in the arms and the unthreaded threaded fasteners, the vertical walls of the arms provide for an increase in load bearing capacity and the transfer of compressive and tensile forces resulting from forces acting on the building and from the action of the fasteners.

In particular embodiments, the blocks have holes in both the body and the arms for passing bolts with nuts therethrough and receiving the bolts, or the holes are threaded to receive the bolts, so as to provide for continuity of vertical tension through the columns and torque against interconnection between adjacent modules or with other building structures. The tension resistance caused by the connection of the columns in the vertical plane enables the mechanism to resist the lifting that occurs and to create friction on the gusset plate to transfer forces to the cross member along the horizontal plane with a high degree of stability.

More specifically, the surfaces of the arms abutting against the gusset from above and below are made strong during assembly.

In particular embodiments, the bolts are accessible within a wall cavity or other such location and may be disposed flush with or below the surface such that the removable patch can be easily configured to cover the location of the bolts and ensure continuity of the refractory material surrounding the load support structure. In the same embodiment as attached to the underside of the roof assembly, the bolt may be inserted from below and up.

In particular embodiments, the block has protruding features on the distal face of the block that are positioned to provide a backing for assembly welding, reduce structural impact on welding of connecting members that are cut too short or have external square ends or other disadvantages, reduce the probability of workers making inconsistent welded connections between corner blocks and members welded to the block, and the sloping features so positioned on the exterior of the block are positioned so as to reduce the likelihood that the weld will need to be ground so that they do not protrude beyond the surface and interfere with adjoining modules.

The holes in the corner blocks provide a means of connection to the binding and lifting devices. In a particular embodiment, the upper face of the block is provided with an opening into which a quick-release connector can be inserted in order to provide means for quickly and reliably connecting and disconnecting the module to the lifting device.

In a particular embodiment, the block has features on the contact face that engage corresponding features on the gusset to increase resistance to sliding along the contact plane that may occur during a seismic event.

In a particular embodiment, the block has a projecting flange that is coplanar with the face on which the floor or ceiling finishing is applied to provide a continuous backing in the area of the fastener access, which is omitted to provide air tightness and support to the floor or ceiling material. In use, the flooring covers the top face of the frame to the end of the arm of the block, but is cut away at the block to expose the top face, allowing for bolt insertion for assembly. This may leave the floor unsupported. The flange shown may help support the floor in this area and help form a continuous surface so there are no cracks in the seal between the floors, which may help to resist fire.

In a particular embodiment, the block has a plurality of holes on the vertical surface for attachment of accessories such as balconies, hallways and decorative treatments.

In particular embodiments, the block has one, two, three or more holes for the passage of vertical tension fasteners, there being one such hole for each vertical structural member that may be centrally located over the hole. In another specific embodiment, there are two or more holes for each vertical member. The length of the arms on the blocks through which the fasteners pass and the length of the arms on the gussets between the blocks vary with respect to the number of these holes.

In particular embodiments, the lower block has openings through the surface to reduce the amount of steel that must be drilled or removed from the casting to allow the bolts to pass through. In combination with this feature or separately, the block may be reinforced with ribs to increase load carrying capacity and resist twisting.

The other component is a feature on one end that is prepared to receive a tubular structural member of one size and a feature on the other end that is prepared to receive a tubular member of another size, or a corresponding feature of a block, and has tapered sides and internal ribs or other stiffening means to transfer forces between the two members without twisting. As shown in fig. 40, it is desirable to vary the size of the columns with respect to the load. Smaller columns are used in the less loaded upper parts of the building and larger columns are used in the more loaded lower parts due to the accumulated weight load and increased overturning forces. The same sized column of the components shown in fig. 27 is placed on top of the next larger size connector, for example a 4 "x 4" column is placed on a 6 "x 6" connector block, which is then placed on a module with 6 "square columns. This eliminates the need for a dedicated adapter block with two different final configurations because it has expensive tooling but low throughput.

The other part is a block configured so as to allow welding of the columns made of plates to its external vertical faces, so as to directly support or connect to a similarly prepared connection or block of the type previously described. As understood by those skilled in the art, two or more such columns coupled into a T-shaped or X-shaped structure may achieve a large weight per foot and an increased cross-section that results in greater buckling resistance without protruding into the occupied space of the building.

Gusset plate

The other part is a plate inserted between the blocks at the top and bottom ends of the column or column set, the plate having upwardly tapered locating pins for engaging and guiding the lowered module by sliding contact with corresponding locating recesses on the underside of the corner block to locate the module in the correct position for fastening. The plates also provide through holes for connecting adjacent modules with bolts to provide structural continuity in the horizontal plane during construction and in the finished building by virtue of their ductility for accommodating slight variations in column length to ensure a continuous load path equally supported on all the members of the column set formed thereby. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the plate may be shaped to fit between a single vertical column or between two or more columns arranged at right angles or in other configurations. In a particular embodiment, shims of similar size and prepared with appropriate holes are provided in one or both sides of the connection to accommodate variations in the final dimensions of the module, thereby maintaining the correct geometry of the module stack.

In a particular embodiment, the gusset is provided with projections on its upper and lower faces that engage corresponding grooves in the contact faces above and below the block to provide resistance to sliding movement that may occur during a seismic event and to reduce the load that such movement would apply to the journal of the vertical tension fastener.

Stairwell and elevator shaft

The system of the present invention allows for the manufacture of modules in which stairways or lifting devices are installed that are separated at the mating line between the two modules without significant visible or functional disruption.

Super high module

The system of the present invention allows for the manufacture of modules comprising upper and lower halves of an habitable volume that is above the normally allowed transport limits and is coupled at mating lines between two or more stacked modules without significant visible or functional disruption.

Entrance hall

Another group of components of the invention are structural hall floors, which are made of, for example, reinforced concrete, sandwich panels, wood or formed metal together with a support base. In a particular embodiment, the slab is composed of reinforced concrete with reinforcing rods arranged such that features on the support base engage the reinforcing rods so as to resist bending of the base, thereby forming a torque connection between the stacks of adjacent modules connected thereby. The base is provided with holes aligned with corresponding holes in the upper and lower corner blocks and is used to connect two parallel stacks of modules and to connect adjacent columns within the stack on one side so as to form a combined load path. The base and floor slab may also be connected to the sides or ends of the module stack on one side of the slab and to the balcony support frame on the outside to form a building with a balcony or connecting porch. The floor slab and base assembly can also be used as a convenient carrier for construction equipment such as pipes, tubing and wiring to facilitate off-site manufacture of these components in a factory environment.

In particular embodiments, the gusset may be extended as desired and provided with holes for the passage of fasteners to support and engage accessory support and connection assemblies of various sizes.

Interdependence details of a system

The invention also includes a predetermined grid on which the dimensions of the interconnected elements of the subject building are based together with the system of devices, which ensures that the grid remains throughout the entire manufacturing assembly along all axes, which ensures precise and interdependent relationships extending from corner blocks to components, to subassemblies, to modules and to the entire building along all axes. The sizing system is therefore used to reduce the sizing element and module size, to increase the number of common parts and to reduce the coordination difficulty with the foundation and the pier contractors, which facilitates the task of integrating all internal or external suppliers of components into the module thus manufactured.

In a specific embodiment, the system is based on increments along three axes no greater than or no less than two inches, the center-to-center precision between holes for fastening being ± 1/32 ", the outside-to-outside dimensional precision of all matching surfaces being plus 0" -, -1/16 ".

Fixture for mounting a component to a vehicle

The present invention includes a system for assembling a frame of modules that ensures that the modules conform to the grid established as above, with no portion of the modules protruding beyond the furthest ideal dimension, which increases the achievable speed of assembly and improves the accuracy of the structure, eliminates the possibility of additional dimensional drift, results in difficulties in installation, fire resistance, reduced possibility of interconnecting the modules with greater stability, and reduces wall thickness and wasted space.

Platform fixture

The components of the system of the present invention include a planar platform or adjustable fixture mounted on a fulcrum to allow pivoting of the planar platform, the adjustable fixture being of sufficient thickness and prepared with grid holes to accommodate vertical pins so positioned to orient the components of the modular ceiling or floor frame for assembly welding, thereby forming a modular sub-assembly such as a floor, ceiling and wall. The locating holes are laid to ensure that the modules conform to the grid established above, the grid cooperating with other building elements to ensure that the resulting modules are easily assembled to form complete modules which can be assembled to form a building. The pins are equipped with a spacer system for ensuring the correct lifting of the components of the assembly in order to create flush conditions for the application of floor or ceiling surfaces as required. The fixture is thus configured to ensure that welding is performed in a position that is ideal for a structural weld so as to ensure that the finished part does not exceed a tolerance envelope that causes a cumulative tolerance condition.

Rotary fixture

Another component of the invention is to orient the ceiling framing, floor framing, corner columns, intermediate columns, column reinforcements and diagonally supported adjustable and rotatable fixtures of all multiple dimensions to one another for assembly welding to ensure that the modules conform to the grid established as above to ensure ease of module interconnection and to ensure that the finished part does not exceed the tolerance envelope and that the part can be oriented in the desired position for achieving a structural weld.

Quick connect lifting connector

Another component of the invention is a releasable and compact quick connector used to attach the lifting device to the module, mounted from above in a specially prepared opening in the corner block without tools, prevented from being accidentally released and able to be removed without tools. In a particular embodiment, the configuration of the connector is ideal in that the upwardly facing bearing surfaces of the toggle and the corresponding downwardly facing bearing surfaces of the receiving block and the tensile load portion of the toggle shaft which transfers load from the bearing surfaces to the lifting apparatus are ideally proportioned to maximize the load carrying capacity of the composite member in the most compact space while maintaining the dimensional constraints of the assembly in the top surface of the toggle block.

Lifting frame

Another component of the invention is a lifting device arranged to suspend a load in a desired attitude for placement in a building, which in a particular embodiment is horizontal and provides for rapid adjustment of the position of all connection points from which the line extends to the crane hook to compensate for differences in the centre of gravity that occur in the length of the module. The illustrated device also allows for varying the spread between a pair of cables on one side of the frame, affecting the variation of the angle of variation and the perpendicular of a pair of lines extending to the crane hook on one side of the module, so as to attach the center of the crane to one side of the long axis of the frame, thereby compensating for the variation of the center of gravity of the load occurring across the width of the module suspended therefrom.

Reinforcing member

In addition, the present invention includes a system of standardized reinforcement members connected to each other and to the columns, transverse frames, diagonal braces and corner blocks described herein, eliminating the need for item-by-item design and manufacturing or customization of the reinforcement components.

Reinforcement analysis

In addition, the invention comprises a working method for systematically analysing the forces acting on a building, which is composed of modules, defines the optimal positions for applying a standardized stiffening system, is selected from a series of standardized stiffeners with progressive deflection and lifting resistance and therefore incorporates only such stiffeners as have the minimum requirement to stiffen the area under additional stress, without adding unnecessary structural material beyond that required to more positions, without significantly damaging the application of refractory material and without requiring additional thickness of the walls of the modules.

Combined column

Furthermore, the present invention includes methods for manufacturing and connecting the outer columns so that they form groupings with greater resistance to compressive and tensile forces caused by loads encountered in the construction of tall and/or elongate buildings.

In particular embodiments, resistance to horizontal drift, deflection, or lifting of the columns is increased by welding or otherwise suitably joining two or more columns into groups along their vertical edges and welding or attaching the groups to connector blocks in areas provided for that purpose.

In a particular embodiment, the columns are composed of plates joined along their edges by welding or other suitable methods, these components being welded or joined to the blocks. In particular embodiments, the plates have a thickness of 1 "or greater. In another particular embodiment, the plate columns bypass the block to which they are welded and contact the top and bottom surfaces of the gusset along the ends of the plate.

In a particular embodiment, the columns are progressively larger and engage blocks having correspondingly larger bodies and connection features. In particular embodiments, the pillars are 4 "squares, 6" squares, 8 "squares, 10" squares, rectangles, etc., or equivalent metrics corresponding to standard structural hollow metal or composite profiles.

Advantageous effects

Increase height without frame

By eliminating the inadvertent formation of connections that are not fully compressed and therefore not fully secured during assembly, and by providing a greater number of fasteners and by facilitating the placement of reinforcements, the system and method of operation of the components of the present invention can be used to increase the height of a building that can be built without the need for a second external or internal support frame, can be used to increase the available floor area thereof due to the increased stability of the connections, the formation and determination of multiple and redundant load paths, the integration of support frames into the module walls, and the resulting effective transfer of external, internal and self loads applied to the finished building by adjacent modules and thus to the ground.

Using frames to increase height

The invention also serves to increase the height of a building constructed with a second external or internal support frame of given dimensions, by reducing the amount of steel required for the upper floor and thus its overall weight.

Reducing the number of special parts, the number of positions and the size of the components

By analyzing the applied loads and more efficiently involving more required components in the structural function, the present invention also reduces the size of the required components, as well as limiting the number, size and location of situations where specialized reinforcement details and associated fire-resistance complexity are required, thereby reducing the cost of these buildings.

Reducing the need for precision

The present invention may help to further reduce the precision of parts that must be produced by workers in a modular production facility, which reduces manufacturing costs.

Reducing manufacturing complexity

The present invention concentrates many of the complex features required for link members, lifting modules and link modules in a single mass-produced part, helping to reduce the complexity and need for the skilled work required to build the modules.

Allowing higher and wider

In addition, the system may allow for a building with a taller module consisting of two stacked frames, one with an opening in the ceiling and the other with an opening in the floor, a longer module due to support performance and a wider module due to improved performance of the holes in the ends, thereby providing greater flexibility to the designer of a building so constructed.

Reducing wall thickness

By distributing the load bearing members more perfectly, the present invention can help reduce the wall thickness required for the containment structure and facility.

Reducing field labor for repair

By placing tensile connections within the wall cavity and concentrating the connection means in the vicinity of the pillars, the present invention can help reduce the number and extent of the lost circulation regions that must be subsequently repaired.

The present invention according to the embodiments disclosed in the specification will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1-3 disclose an embodiment of the lower connector 2. The lower connector is generally constituted by a lower connector body 4, the lower connector body 4 having arms 6 extending from the lower connector body 4. The lower connector body 4 is adapted to receive and couple a column, stud or other structural unit of the modular frame at one end, indicated as lower connector body column receiving end 8; while the other end, indicated as lower connector body gusset contact end 10, is adapted to be coupled to gusset 82. Additionally, in one embodiment, the lower connector body 4 may be provided with a lower connector body bore 58 for coupling of the lower connector body 4 with parts or units that can help form a modular structure (fig. 9).

The lower connector body column receiving end 8 is provided with features that can assist in coupling to columns, posts or other structural units of the modular frame (fig. 9). In the illustrated embodiment, the lower connector body 4 is provided with a lower connector body weld receiving chamfer 54 and a weld backing 56 extending from the lower connector body weld receiving chamfer 54. Such features may aid in the proper placement and use of columns, studs, or other structural units to form welds, and may not require any modification of columns, studs, or other structural units in some embodiments.

As described herein, the lower connector body 4 is also provided with a lower connector body gusset contact face 50 at the lower connector body gusset end 10, and as described herein, the lower connector body gusset contact face 50 is capable of contacting the gusset 82. In the embodiments disclosed herein, the lower connector body gusset contact face 50 is substantially planar (fig. 3). In one embodiment, for example and without limitation, the lower connector body gusset contact face 50 may be provided with a leak channel 60, the leak channel 60 may allow any water, condensate or other liquid to exit the lower connector 2.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1-3, the lower connector 2 is provided with a pair of arms 6 extending from the lower connector body 4. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1-6 (lower connector in fig. 1-3 and upper connector in fig. 4-6), the arms are positioned perpendicular to each other, i.e. one arm extends approximately 90 ° from the second arm. However, the position of the arms may vary depending on design and application requirements, and the arms may have an angle less than or greater than 90 ° (see fig. 7 and 8, where the arms extend in opposite directions).

Since the lower connector 2 is placed in a modular structure (fig. 9), the lower connector is provided with a lower connector inner face 22 and a lower connector outer face 24. The lower connector inner face 22 is indicated by a modular structure formed with a surface of the connector positioned towards the modular structure considered as the lower connector inner face 22 and a surface of the lower connector 2 positioned away from the interior of the modular structure identified as the lower connector outer face 24.

In the illustrated embodiment, the lower connector arm 6 has a lower connector arm load bearing surface 40 and a lower connector arm beam contact surface 42 that may engage a beam or other structural unit to form a modular structure. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower connector arm load bearing surface 40 lies in a plane different from the plane of the lower connector body column receiving end 8, the plane of the lower connector arm load bearing surface 40 being closer to the plane having the lower connector body gusset end 10 than the plane of the lower connector body column receiving end 8. This results in the lower connector arm load bearing surface 40 being spaced from the lower connector body column receiving end 8 and can assist in the welding operation to form a modular structural unit (fig. 9).

The lower connector arm 6 may be provided with a fixing hole 28, which fixing hole 28 may be used for coupling the lower connector 2 to the upper connector 102, and for forming the connector assembly 1 disclosed herein. In one embodiment, as disclosed in the figures, the securing holes 28 may be located closer to the lower connector inner face 22, which may help provide a lower connector arm load bearing face 52 located closer to the lower connector outer portion 24. The lower connector arm load bearing surface 52 may provide an area on the arm 6 for locating and supporting loads of additional structural features of the modular structure. In other preferred embodiments, there may be more or fewer holes required by the load to be transferred and the positioning of the load bearing elements bearing on the surface of the block.

In one embodiment, for example and without limitation, the lower connector arm load bearing surface 40 may be provided with a beveled edge 62. This may provide a location between the edge for the lower end of the stiffening member (see 405 in fig. 17, 18 and 19 for embodiments of the stiffening member) and the outer edge of the upper face of the block so that the joined members do not need to be tilted and the weld will not protrude beyond the surface and additionally require minimal grinding to make the weld flush.

The arm 6 of the lower connector 2 is further provided with a boss 44 extending from the lower connector arm beam contact face 42, the boss 44 being positioned at a distal end of the arm 6 extending from the lower connector body 4. The bosses 44 may be used to couple the lower connector arms 6 to a beam or other structural unit feature of the modular frame. In one embodiment, the boss 44 is provided with a lower connector weld receiving chamfer 34, the lower connector weld receiving chamfer 34 having a lower connector arm weld receiving backing 36 extending from the chamfer 34, the lower connector arm weld receiving backing 36 may help form a weld with a beam or other structural unit of the modular frame (fig. 9).

In one embodiment, for example and without limitation, the boss 44 may be located toward one side of the beam contact surface 42 of the lower connector arm 6. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the boss 44 is located adjacent the outer face 24 of the lower connector 2 and is also spaced from the edge of the lower connector arm 6 adjacent the lower connector inner face 22. By positioning the boss 44 adjacent the outer face 24, the channel 64 is provided on the beam contacting face 42 of the lower connector arm 6 adjacent the inner face 22. The channel 64 may provide space for wires or other conduits in the modular structure to pass through.

Fig. 7 and 8 show a second embodiment of the lower connector 2 having similar features to the lower connector 2 of the embodiment disclosed in fig. 1-3. The embodiments disclosed in fig. 7 and 8 have arms extending in opposite directions, rather than perpendicular to each other as shown in fig. 1-3. The orientation of the arm 6 is not particularly limited and may vary depending on application and design requirements, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of the present specification.

Fig. 4 to 6 disclose an embodiment of the upper connector 102. The upper connector 102 is generally formed by an upper connector body 104, the upper connector body 104 having arms 106 extending from the upper connector body 104. Upper connector body 104 is adapted to receive and couple columns, posts, or other structural units of the modular frame at one end, indicated as upper connector body column receiving end 108; while the other end, indicated as upper connector body gusset contact end 110, is adapted to be coupled to gusset plate 82. The gusset plates as shown in fig. 10 provide locating pins and occupy the vertical space created by the gusset plates as shown in fig. 11, which serves to join adjacent modules together. Additionally, in one embodiment, the upper connector body 104 may be provided with an upper connector body bore 158 for coupling the upper connector body 104 to parts or units that may help form a modular structure (fig. 9).

The upper connector body column receiving end 108 is provided with features that can aid in coupling to columns, posts, or other structural units of the modular frame. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper connector body 104 is provided with an upper connector body weld receiving chamfer 154 (fig. 6) and a weld backing 156 extending from the upper connector body weld receiving chamfer 154. Such features may aid in the proper placement and use of columns, studs, or other structural units to form welds, and may not require any modification of columns, studs, or other structural units in some embodiments.

The upper connector body 104 is also provided with an upper connector body gusset contact face 132 at the upper connector body gusset end 110 that may contact the gusset 82, as described herein. In the embodiments disclosed herein, the upper connector body gusset contact face 132 is substantially planar (fig. 4 and 5). In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the upper connector body gusset contact face 132 may be provided with a T-shaped opening 160, the T-shaped opening 160 may be used to lift and move modular assemblies, as further disclosed herein and in the above-mentioned PCT application, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 4-6, the upper connector 102 is provided with a pair of arms 106 extending from the upper connector body 104. In the shown embodiment the arms are positioned perpendicular to each other, i.e. one arm extends approximately 90 ° from the second arm. However, the position of the arm may vary according to design requirements and application requirements, and the arm may have an angle of less than or greater than 90 °. Further, similar to the lower connector 2, the upper connector arm 106 may lie in the same plane as the upper connector gusset contact face 132 to provide a flat or planar surface of contact with the gusset 82.

Since the upper connector 102 is placed in a modular structure (fig. 9), the upper connector 102 is provided with an upper connector inner face 112 and an upper connector outer face 114. Upper connector inner face 112 is designated by the modular structure formed with a surface of the connector positioned toward the modular structure considered upper connector inner face 112 and a surface of upper connector 102 positioned away from the interior of the modular structure identified as upper connector outer face 114.

In the illustrated embodiment, the upper connector arm 106 has an upper connector arm gusset contact face 116, an upper connector arm load bearing face 162 (fig. 6), and an upper connector arm beam contact face 120, which upper connector arm beam contact face 120 can engage a beam or other structural unit to form a modular structure. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper connector arm load bearing surface 162 is located in a different plane than the plane of the upper connector body column receiving end 108, the plane of the upper connector arm load bearing surface 162 being closer to the plane having the upper connector body gusset end 110 than the plane of the upper connector body column receiving end 108. The positioning of the upper connector arm load bearing surface 162 results in it being spaced from the upper connector body column receiving end 108 and may assist in the welding operation to form a modular structural unit.

The upper connector arm 106 may be provided with a fixing hole 128, the fixing hole 128 may be used for coupling the lower connector 2 to the upper connector 102, and for forming the connector assembly 1 disclosed herein. In one embodiment, as disclosed in the figures, the securing hole 128 may be located proximate the upper connector inner face 112, and the upper connector inner face 112 may help provide an upper connector arm load bearing surface 164 located proximate the upper connector outer face 114. The upper connector arm load bearing surface 164 may provide a region on the arm 106 for locating and supporting loads of additional structural features of the modular structure. Additionally, the upper connector arm 106 may be provided with an upper connector arm gusset coupling hole 130. The location of the upper connector arm gusset coupling hole 130 is not particularly limited and in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4-6, the upper connector arm gusset coupling hole 130 is located adjacent the upper connector outer face 114.

The arm 106 of the upper connector 102 is also provided with a boss 122 extending from an upper connector arm beam contact surface 120, the upper connector arm beam contact surface 120 being positioned at a distal end of the arm 106 extending from the upper connector body 104. The bosses 122 may be provided with features for coupling the upper connector arms 106 to beams or other structural units of the modular frame. In one embodiment, the boss 122 is provided with an upper connector weld receiving chamfer 124 having an upper connector arm weld receiving backing 126 extending from the chamfer 124, the upper connector weld receiving chamfer 124 may assist in forming a weld with a beam or other structural unit of the modular frame (fig. 9).

In one embodiment, for example and without limitation, the boss 122 may be positioned toward a side of the beam contact surface 120 of the upper connector arm 106. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the boss 122 is positioned adjacent the outer face 114 of the upper connector 102 and is also spaced from the edge of the upper connector arm 106 adjacent the upper connector inner face 112. By positioning the boss 122 proximate the outer face 114, the channel 166 is disposed on the beam contacting face 120 of the upper connector arm 106 proximate the inner face 112. The channel 166 may provide a space for passing wires or other conduits in the modular structure similar to those used for the lower connector 2.

The terms "upper" and "lower" as used herein, particularly with respect to the connector, are relative and may be interchangeable. However, for the purposes of describing connector assembly 1, upper connector 102 refers to a connector that would typically be positioned at an upper corner or upper end of a modular frame that can be lifted and positioned on a second (or lower) modular frame. Meanwhile, the lower connector 2 refers to a connector positioned on a lower corner or lower end of the modular frame to be closer to the ground or floor than the upper connector.

In the illustrated embodiment, the upper corner connector (102) and the lower corner connector (2) may be made of hollow steel castings. The connector may have mechanical and metallurgical properties, such as tensile strength and ductility, equal to or greater than that of mild steel, enabling the connector to be welded to mild steel by conventional practices, such as, for example, structural Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding.

In further embodiments, the upper and lower connectors (102, 2) each have a body (104, 4), respectively, and the bodies (104, 4) may be hollow in one embodiment. The upper connector body (104) and the lower connector body (4) may have various shapes according to design and application requirements. However, in the figures, the upper and lower connectors (102, 2) have a shape comprising a square cross-section.

In one embodiment, the connector body (102, 4) is 4 "square to receive a 4" x4 "Hollow Structure Section (HSS). In another embodiment, the connector body (102, 4) is a 6 "square that receives a 6" x6 "HSS. The connectors 102 and 2 have sufficient thickness for the intended function and detail, such as draft angle and uniformity of the parts to facilitate casting. In a particular embodiment, the casting is drilled and surface ground to a high accuracy as measured between the center of the hole 28 and other holes and between the surfaces of the blocks. In addition, perpendicularity and parallelism are similarly maintained at high tolerances or other tolerances that may be convenient. In another embodiment, the connector is manufactured by assembling one or more of the rolled profiles, flat or brake forming plates using welding or mechanical methods. In further embodiments, the parts are manufactured by casting non-ferrous, plastic, cement, or any other suitable material. In another embodiment, the portion of the block to which the post and arm are to be connected may have features that locate the HSS and facilitate welding.

The connector assembly may be formed by clamping gussets (82, 92) between the upper and lower connectors (fig. 10 and 11). The gusset (82, 92) has two faces, a first face that can be in contact with the lower connector and a second face that can be in contact with the upper connector. In addition, the gussets (82, 92) are provided with through holes 85, the through holes 85 aligning with holes on the upper and lower connectors, allowing the connectors to be fastened with the fastening means 80. The fastening means 80 is not limited and may include a nut and bolt, a screw.

The arms of the connector also have bosses (44, 122), the bosses (44, 122) providing location of the longitudinal and transverse members of the module frame and a base for assembly welding. In the shown embodiment, the edges of the arms of the upper and lower connectors have bevelled edges. The chamfer (34, 124) provides a location for the weld bead, which allows the weld bead to be disposed flush and eliminates the need for tilting the connected components.

The exterior of the connector body may have a plurality of holes (or bores) that are tightened or unscrewed by use of bolts, pins, clips, coupling plates, or other fastening devices as required by the environment for the connection of groups of columns, hall plates, fixtures, lifting devices, or other useful features. In another embodiment, the connector is taller and additional holes are provided for additional fasteners or to add additional support or other features. In another embodiment, the connector has more or less than 4 sides and is non-quadrilateral, but has a scalene quadrilateral, parallelogram or other shape to facilitate production of a circle, curve, conical star or other building form.

As described above, the lower connector 2 has arms 6 that include holes (or apertures) for passage of the tie bolts 80, the tie bolts 80 passing through the gussets 82 to vertically secure the modules and provide a continuous tension and torque connection that passes the load through the connection between the stacked columns and the horizontal beams. Similar features may be provided in the upper connector for similar purposes. In further embodiments, the arms project perpendicular to the surface, in another embodiment the arms have tapered sides to allow the members to be connected at an angle and in another embodiment the entire arm projects at an angle.

In one embodiment, the gussets 82 are cut from a sheet of steel or other material having sufficient thickness and mechanical properties for the intended function. In a further embodiment, it is 3/8 "thick. Gusset 82 has a through hole 85, a countersunk hole 86, and at least one locating pin 88. Grub screws 83 pass through the through holes 86 and screw into the holes 130 in the upper connector 102, precisely engaging adjacent columns and thus the entire module. The ductility of the plate 82 in the vertical plane ensures that the column groups act together to support large loads. The positional accuracy of the holes 86 for the grub screws and the corresponding holes in the connector ensures that module-to-module tolerances are maintained and controlled.

The gussets 82 may be sized to fit on top of 1, 2, 3, 4, or more columns, provide equal vertical spacing in all positions and form a group of 2, 3, 4, or more modules (fig. 11, 14-19). Fig. 11 shows the plates joining the 2 columns, which join and interconnect the respective modules, forming all the floors of the joined modules to be connected at that level and in turn join the structural partitions of the building in a unitary structure (see plate 92 in fig. 11 and plates 680 and 681 in fig. 38). The gusset 82 may be provided with one or more pins 88 on the face contacting the lower connector 2. The locating pins 88 may engage with the locating pin receiving holes 46 located on the lower connector body gusset contact face 50, which may assist in proper positioning of the lower connector 2.

To form the floor frame of the module, the longitudinal floor beams and the transverse floor beams are cut to length (fig. 9 and 10). In a specific embodiment, the beams are 3 "x 8" for the HSS with a perimeter and 3 "x 6" for the filler members. Because the locating and welding fixtures described herein locate the pre-fabricated connector blocks and define the hole locations and their mutual positions, and provide the external dimensions of the assembly, the fixtures ensure that the modules manufactured with the fixtures conform to the previously described established grid. In addition, the features on the block ensure that the beam does not need to be tilted on the edge of the end and that the cutting to length operation is not important in terms of length and square. The beams are coupled to respective arms 6 on the lower corner connector 2 and welded in the manner described therefor.

One skilled in the art will recognize that the assembly of a ceiling employs a similar process utilizing appropriately sized components disposed in the same fixture. In a specific embodiment, it is a 3 "x 3" HSS for the periphery with a2 "x 2" HSS for the filling members. Thus, both the top and bottom frames capture and coordinate the external dimensions of the same fixture.

Suitable materials, such as fiber cement boards, or sheet steel and concrete tops, or steel composite boards, are used for the top surfaces of the floor beams of the modular floor, thus being constructed and appropriately fastened, or concrete or other materials are filled between the frames in order to support the occupant loads and to provide the desired barrier action to the modules and then to the building made up of the modules. Similarly, materials such as drywall or fire resistant panels and various types of insulation depending on the environment are used in the framing and the surfaces of the panels and in the voids of walls and ceilings to provide various functions such as privacy for the occupants, to provide structural to fire resistance, and to limit the transmission of sound. Please see the loose piece 105 shown positioned in the hole 104 to achieve the performance described herein.

By locating the boss, which acts as a locating means and backing on the arm connecting the solder structure to the block, at the distal end of the arm rather than at its base, the present invention eliminates the need for a hole in the HSS and locates the load bearing face abutting the connector body in direct contact, thereby ensuring a connection with a high degree of stability and less likelihood of settling due to incorrect assembly.

This direct contact ensures that the connection formed by the components can extend the full length, with the load transfer capability of the connection reducing the amount of work required to prepare the connector and HSS for assembly.

In addition, the structure of the connector of the present invention provides for a greater number of fasteners to increase the tension capacity of the connection and a greater area for connecting auxiliary reinforcing members, which increases the buckling resistance and tension capacity of the produced structure (fig. 22, 28-32).

As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the features disclosed and described in the embodiments of the upper connector may be applied to the lower connector and vice versa as desired based on the application and design requirements. Further embodiments of the upper and lower connectors are described herein further based on reference to the figures.

Fig. 13 discloses a floor slab 108 incorporating the unitary structure of the base 95, the base 95 being disposed on and connected to an extended gusset, lower connector or upper connector. Fig. 14-16, 18 and 19 show an increased area of the portion of the assembly extending from a single column to a wider plate, and also show an increase in the size of the portion extending from a single column to increase the size of the column and the number of columns.

A third embodiment of the lower column connector 499 is disclosed in fig. 20, the lower column connector 499 having a flange or plate 500 extending from the arm towards the inner face of the lower column connector 499. The flange or panel 500 may be used to support a floor or ceiling structure. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 20, the flange or plate 499 is in the same plane (co-planar) as the lower connector arm load bearing surface 40 so as to provide a continuous backing in this area. In particular embodiments, the flange or panel 499 may be provided with a connection hole 501, and the connection hole 501 may be used to secure or couple a floor or ceiling with the lower column connector 499. In a related embodiment, the upper connector may also be equipped with similar features.

Fig. 21 and 22 show fourth and fifth embodiments of the lower column connector 520. As shown in the embodiment, the lower connector 520 may be manufactured with arms (511, 521) having varying lengths, which may be used according to design and application requirements. Further, the arms (511, 521) may be equipped with varying numbers of holes 512, the varying numbers of holes 512 being formed based on the application and design requirements.

Fig. 23 discloses a sixth embodiment of a lower column connector that may be used in accordance with the description. In the embodiment, the arms 531 extend in opposite directions, rather than at 90 as shown in fig. 21 and 22. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the orientation of the arms may be changed as desired, with the arms being less than or greater than 90 °. Further to the above, fig. 20-23 disclose an alternative embodiment of the arms (511, 521, 531) where the channel is formed by providing a cut-out on the inner face of the arm.

Fig. 24 discloses a second embodiment of an upper column connector 540 that may be used in accordance with the description. Similar to the lower connector shown in fig. 21-23, the arm length of the upper column connector 540 can be varied. Further, this embodiment discloses an alternative embodiment of the arm 541, where the channel is formed by providing a cut-out on the inner face of the arm. Fig. 24 discloses an upper connector configured to mate with the lower connector shown in fig. 21. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the length of the upper block and the number of holes vary to engage the lower block secured thereto.

A seventh embodiment of the lower column connector is shown in figures 25 and 26. The lower column connector 550 is provided with apertures 551 located in the arms of the connector 550, the apertures 551 extending from the inner face to the outer face of the connector 550. By forming the aperture 551 to extend from the inner face to the outer face of the connector 550, the extent of drilling holes in the arms (for passing bolts or other fastening means) may be reduced. In particular embodiments (as shown in fig. 25 and 26), the arms with apertures 551 may be reinforced with ribs 553, the ribs 553 may help increase the load carrying capacity and may also help prevent twisting of the arms of the connector 550.

An eighth embodiment of a lower connector is shown in fig. 28 and 29, which may be used as a lower board connector 580 for connecting with a column board 581. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer face of the arm has a cutout that can engage the column plate. Further, the cutouts on the outer surface of the arm form a lower connector arm beam contact surface that extends toward the outside of the arm. This provides weld preparation 583 which may be a sloped surface as shown in fig. 29.

Further, as described above, a cavity 587 may be formed on the outer face of the arm. The edges of the arms forming the cavity may also be beveled to provide additional surfaces for welding the column plate to the lower connector 580. In addition, weep holes 585 may be formed in the arm for providing a path for draining as desired.

A third embodiment of an upper connector that may be used as the upper board connector 580 is shown in fig. 30 and 31. Similar to the lower connector shown in fig. 28 and 29, an upper plate may be used to connect with the column plate 581. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer face of the arm has a cutout that can engage the column plate. Further, the cutout on the outer surface of the arm forms an upper connector arm beam contact surface that extends toward the outside of the arm. This provides weld preparation 602 which may be a sloped surface as shown in fig. 31.

Further, as described above, a cavity may be formed on the outer face of the arm. The edges of the arms forming the cavity may also be beveled to provide additional surfaces for welding the column plate to the upper connector 604. Additionally, holes (605, 606) may be formed in the arms for allowing fastening of the upper connector to the gusset or the lower connector. Additionally, openings 607 may be provided to engage the lifting devices.

A lower column connector with shear grooves 620 is shown in fig. 32 and 33. In the illustrated embodiment, the connector 620 is provided with features on the gusset contact face that can engage corresponding features on the gusset in order to increase the resistance to sliding along the contact plane that may occur during a seismic event. In the embodiment shown in fig. 32 and 33, the gusset contact surface of the lower connector 620 is provided with a slot 621 that is engageable with a resistance bar 640 (shown in fig. 34) on a gusset 643. In addition, the area 622 around the groove may be thickened to provide additional support for the groove 621.

The embodiments shown in fig. 28-31 can be used to provide resistance to horizontal drift, bending and lifting of the columns by joining two or more columns into groups using welding along their vertical edges or by other suitable methods and welding or attaching the groups to connector blocks in the areas provided for this purpose. In a particular embodiment, the columns are made of plates joined along their edges by welding or other suitable methods, these components being welded or joined to the block.

Fig. 35 discloses a fourth embodiment of an upper column connector 650 that can be used in accordance with the description. The upper connector 650 has features similar to those of the lower connector shown in fig. 32 and 33. In the illustrated embodiment, the connector 650 is provided with features on the gusset contact face that can engage corresponding features on the gusset in order to increase the resistance to sliding along the contact plane that may occur during a seismic event. In the illustrated embodiment, the gusset contacting surface of the upper connector 650 is provided with a slot 621 that can engage a resistance bar 640 on a gusset 643 (shown in FIG. 34). In addition, the area 622 around the groove may be thickened to provide additional support for the groove 621. In addition, the slot region 621 may be provided through holes that receive fasteners to secure the upper connector 650 with the gusset plate.

An embodiment of a gusset 643 with shear bar is disclosed in fig. 34(a and b). As described above, the shear bars 640 engage the slots on the upper and lower connectors to prevent slippage that may occur during a seismic event, and may also help reduce the loads that this motion may apply to the shanks of the vertical tension fasteners. In a particular embodiment, extended gusset 641 may be formed and provided with holes for passage of fasteners to support and engage accessory support and connection assemblies of various sizes.

Fig. 36 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a connector assembly according to the description, which is similar to the connector assembly shown and disclosed herein with reference to fig. 10 and 11. The connector assembly may be formed by inserting the gusset 643 between the upper connector 650 having a shear resistant slot and the lower connector 620 having a shear resistant slot. The gusset 643 is shown having two faces, a first face that may be in contact with the lower connector 620 and a second face that may be in contact with the upper connector 650. In addition, the gusset 643 is provided with shear bars 640 that engage slots in the upper and lower connectors. In addition, the gusset 643 has through holes that align with apertures on the upper connector 606 and the lower connector, allowing the connectors to be secured with the securing device 80.

The fastening means 80 is not limited and may include a nut and bolt, a screw. In a particular embodiment, as shown in fig. 36, the vertical tension fastener 80 is inserted into a hole in the lower connector 620, the vertical tension fastener 80 passing through the gusset plate 643 and being coupled with the upper connector 650. In addition, the gusset fastener 83 is inserted through the gusset 643 and engages a hole (which may be threaded) in the upper connector 650. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 36, the gusset fastener 83 engages a hole positioned within a slot in the upper connector 650.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 37, the fastener 500 may be inserted first into the upper connector 675, through a hole in the gusset plate 672 and engage the lower block 670. This fastening method allows for bottom-up insertion of the fastener rather than top-down as shown in fig. 36.

Fig. 38 shows the connection of the secondary attachment block 683 to the extended portion 681 of the gusset 680. As shown with respect to fig. 11-13, accessory connection block 94 may be secured to a lower connector, which may then be used to support a hall plate 108 or other floor surface. The accessory attachment block 683 (see fig. 38) may be secured to the extended portion 681 of the gusset 680 with fasteners (684, 685).

Fig. 39 shows a side view and a perspective view of a structural grading stack with an increased number of structural elements 696, increased weight per foot, and increased load carrying capacity in the direction of arrow 692, as shown in the drawing. In the illustrated structure, the lowermost portion has a portion of a column fabricated using a built-up plate 694. When the vertical position of the structure is raised, connection blocks having various arm lengths as shown and disclosed herein may be employed.

Fig. 40 shows an alternative embodiment of a structurally graded stack (700, 701) of columns with a column to connector size transition adapter 570. An embodiment of a column to connector size transition adapter 570 is shown in fig. 27. The adapter 570 is provided with two inclined faces 573 and two perpendicular faces. The portion of the adapter 570 that engages the column is provided with a weld backing 571 for connecting the adapter to the column. The reinforcement ribs 572 are also provided to assist in the structural integrity of the adapter 570. Another portion of the adapter 570 that engages the connector is also provided with a coupling feature 574, such as a weld backing. The adapter 570 may be used in the stack shown in fig. 40.

In addition, similar to the stack shown in fig. 39, the stacks (700, 701) in fig. 40, a structurally graded stack with an increased number of tubular elements 704 has an increased weight and load carrying capacity per foot in the direction of arrow 702, as shown in the figure. In the illustrated construction, the lowermost portion has a portion of a column fabricated using the doubler plate 703. When the vertical position of the structure is raised, connection blocks having various arm lengths as shown and disclosed herein may be employed. The columns are joined together by welding along their vertical edges forming the shear walls.

Several modifications and improvements may be made to the described embodiments. The above-described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. In addition, the reference numerals used in the claims are only used to help explain the claims.