阅读说明：本技术 一种干法减压排灰装置及方法 (dry-method pressure-reducing ash-discharging device and method ) 是由 张月明 米建新 吴升潇 靳皎 郝婷 张晓欠 王研 贺文晋 陈林 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种干法减压排灰装置及方法,干法减压排灰装置包括减压单元、输送单元、收集单元,所述的减压单元包括依次相连通的初级减压设备入口特殊短节、初级减压设备、初级减压设备出口特殊短节、次级减压设备及次级减压设备出口特殊短节,次级减压设备出口特殊短节与发送器固体入口相连通；所述的输送单元包括与发送器气体入口相连通的输送气管路,发送器出口与发送缓冲罐相连通,发送缓冲罐出口与储灰罐相连通。本发明通过控制压力系统即可实现干法减压连续排灰,通过设置的泄放气管路可及时排除热量,实现对高温干灰的连续排放。(The invention discloses dry-method pressure-reducing ash-discharging device and method, wherein the dry-method pressure-reducing ash-discharging device comprises a pressure-reducing unit, a conveying unit and a collecting unit, the pressure-reducing unit comprises a primary pressure-reducing device inlet special short section, a primary pressure-reducing device outlet special short section, a secondary pressure-reducing device and a secondary pressure-reducing device outlet special short section which are sequentially communicated, the secondary pressure-reducing device outlet special short section is communicated with a transmitter solid inlet, the conveying unit comprises a conveying gas pipeline communicated with the transmitter gas inlet, the transmitter outlet is communicated with a transmitting buffer tank, and the transmitting buffer tank outlet is communicated with an ash storage tank.)

The dry-method pressure-reducing and ash-discharging device is characterized by comprising a primary pressure-reducing device (1) provided with a back flushing port, a solid inlet, a solid outlet and a -th pressure-relief port, wherein the solid inlet of the primary pressure-reducing device (1) is communicated with a dry ash inlet (14), a -th pressure-relief port is communicated with a discharge gas pipeline (12) through a pipeline provided with a -th backpressure valve (V8), the solid outlet of the primary pressure-reducing device (1) is communicated with the solid inlet of a secondary pressure-reducing device (2) provided with the back flushing port, the solid outlet and a second pressure-relief port through a pipeline provided with a -th backpressure valve (V9), the second pressure-relief port is communicated with the discharge gas pipeline (12), the outlet of the secondary pressure-reducing device (2) is communicated with the solid inlet of a transmitter (6) provided with the back flushing port and the solid outlet, the solid outlet of the transmitter (6) is communicated with the inlet of a transmitting buffer tank (7), the back flushing port of the primary pressure-reducing device (1), the secondary pressure-reducing device (2) is communicated with the inlet of the transmitting tank (6) through a conveying pipeline (V634) provided with a conveying pipeline (364) provided with a conveying ball valve (V634), and a conveying pipeline (367) provided with a conveying pipeline (3611).

2. The dry decompression ash discharge device according to claim 1, wherein the blowback ports of the primary decompression device (1) and the secondary decompression device (2) are or more.

3. The dry method pressure reducing and ash discharging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conical bottom of the sending buffer tank (7) is provided with a filtering filter element and a fluidization loosening port, the fluidization loosening port is communicated with the conveying gas pipeline (11) through a pipeline with a th loosening air valve (V2), a stop valve (V5) is further arranged on the rear end pipeline of an outlet stop valve (V4) of the pipeline, which is communicated with the ash storage tank (10), of the sending buffer tank (7), and the pipeline between the stop valve (V4) and the stop valve (V5) is further communicated with the conveying gas pipeline (11) through a pipeline with a second loosening air valve (V3).

4. The dry decompression ash discharge device according to claim 1, wherein the primary decompression equipment (1) and the secondary decompression equipment (2) are or more connected in series.

5. The dry-method pressure-reducing ash discharge device according to claim 1, wherein the solid inlet of the primary pressure-reducing device (1), the solid inlet of the secondary pressure-reducing device (2), and the inlet of the transmitter (6) are provided with detachable short sections with a length of 20m or less, the detachable short sections are provided with or more forced fluidization ports, and the detachable short sections and all pipelines are or more combinations of thickened wear-resistant steel pipes, built-in refractory material pipes, or ceramic-lined wear-resistant pipes.

6. The dry pressure-reducing ash discharge device according to claim 1, wherein: and a purifying device (15) is arranged at the outlet of the gas discharge pipeline (12).

7. The dry pressure-reducing ash discharge device according to claim 1, wherein: and a sealing element is arranged at the pipeline elbow part where the sending tank (7) is communicated with the ash storage tank (10).

8. The dry pressure-reducing ash discharge device according to claim 1, wherein: a dust filtering and removing element is arranged at the upper end of an inlet of the dust storage tank (10), and a gas outlet communicated with a conveying gas recovery pipeline (16) is formed in the dust storage tank (10) at the upper end of the dust filtering and removing element;

and a back-blowing air pipeline (13) which is communicated with the conveying air pipeline (11) and is provided with a third ball valve (V10) is arranged at the upper end of the filtering and dust-removing element of the ash storage tank (10).

9, method for dry method decompression ash discharge by using the device of claim 1, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

step , setting the pressure of the primary pressure reducing device (1) and the pressure of the secondary pressure reducing device (2) according to the upstream hot dry ash pressure level, namely opening the conveying gas pipeline (11) to adjust the pressure of the primary pressure reducing device (1) and the pressure of the secondary pressure reducing device (2) to reach a set value;

step two: and (3) introducing the dry ash into the primary pressure-reducing equipment (1) from a dry ash inlet (14), and recycling the hot dry ash into the ash storage tank (10) through the primary pressure-reducing equipment (1), the secondary pressure-reducing equipment (2), the transmitter (6) and the transmitting buffer tank (7) in sequence.

10. The method for dry pressure-reducing ash discharge according to claim 9, characterized in that according to the upstream system pressure, when the hot dry ash pressure is 3.0-5.0 MPa, the pressure of the primary pressure-reducing device (1) is set to be 2.5-2.8 MPa, the pressure of the secondary pressure-reducing device (2) is controlled to be 0.6-1.0 MPa, when the hot dry ash pressure is 1.0-3.0 MPa, the pressure of the primary pressure-reducing device (1) is set to be 0.8-1.5 MPa, the pressure of the secondary pressure-reducing device (2) is controlled to be 0.2-0.8 MPa, the dry pressure-reducing ash discharge sequence control is started, the high-quality hot dry ash with the recovery temperature of 25-300 ℃ and the pressure of less than or equal to 5.0MPa is continuously reduced in pressure through the primary pressure-reducing device (1) and the secondary pressure-reducing device (2), the pressure-reducing gas is merged into a purifying device (15) for purification, the purification, when the pressure of the secondary pressure-reducing device reaches the set pressure, the second pressure-reducing dry ash discharge pipeline (54) of the buffer tank (7) is sent to the buffer tank (367), the loose ash-sending valve (367), the buffer tank (36) is opened, the buffer tank (367) is sent to the sender (366) is sent to the sender, the sender (367) is sent to the sender, the sender (366) sending the ash sending tank (36.

Technical Field

The invention relates to ash discharge treatment, in particular to dry-method pressure-reducing ash discharge devices and methods.

Background

Energy sources play an important role in national economy of countries, and the natural endowment of energy resources of 'rich coal, poor oil and little gas' in China determines that the situation of times of energy production and consumption mainly based on coal in China can not be changed in a long time.

In the existing coal clean and efficient conversion and utilization technology, ash and slag discharging procedures exist no matter pyrolysis, gasification or coking, and the mainstream ash discharging modes include dry ash discharging and wet ash discharging. The wet ash discharge is that ash slag is discharged in a liquid mode and becomes slag after chilling. The wet ash discharge not only consumes a large amount of water, but also generates chilling wastewater which is rich in solid suspended substances, VOC and other harmful substances, so that subsequent wastewater treatment comprises multiple processes of ammonia evaporation and phenol extraction, oil removal, microbial treatment and the like, the process flow is long, the number of equipment is large, and the investment cost is high, so that the dry ash discharge is mostly adopted at present.

The method is characterized in that a lock hopper intermittent flow and a spiral ash cooling flow are common in dry ash discharge, the lock hopper intermittent flow is mainly used for the working condition of dry ash discharge under pressure, hot dry ash under pressure enters an ash discharge lock hopper after being cooled, heat exchanged and heat recovered by a waste boiler unit, and ash and slag discharge is realized through alternation of the lock hopper. The spiral ash cooling process is mainly used for the working condition of normal-pressure dry ash discharge, and normal-pressure hot dry ash directly enters a spiral ash cooling machine and is discharged after being cooled by means of heat exchange of desalted water. The lock hopper intermittent dry ash discharge can not realize the continuous discharge of the dry ash, has the defect of small production scale of the device, and the spiral cold ash dry ash discharge can not effectively recover the heat in the dry ash, so that the heat loss of the whole system is too large. The two dry ash discharge technologies also have the problems that an ash discharge pipeline is easy to block, and the maintenance period of an ash discharge device is long, so that the continuous and stable operation of the whole device is influenced. Such as:

patent document No. CN209113108U discloses pneumatic conveying device for automatic ash discharge and pulverization at the bottom of a reaction tower, which comprises an ash discharge machine, a pulverizer and a pneumatic conveying system, wherein the ash discharge machine sends ash to the pulverizer for pulverization, then the pulverized ash enters a bin pump, and after the bin pump is full, the pulverized ash is conveyed to an ash silo.

Patent document No. CN204824766U discloses a apparatus for discharging solid ash from a fluidized bed coal gasifier, comprising an ash cooler, a pressure-reducing ash-discharging tank and an ash tank, wherein the ash from which high-quality heat is recovered by the ash cooler enters the pressure-reducing ash-discharging tank, and the dry ash is discharged by using the program control of the pressure-reducing ash-discharging tank under the alternating pressure.

Therefore, in the dry ash discharge process, the ash discharge device can realize the discharge of high-temperature dry ash and the continuous discharge of the dry ash, and becomes a technical problem to be solved in the process of clean and efficient conversion and utilization of coal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide dry-method pressure-reducing ash discharge devices and methods, which can discharge high-temperature dry ash and can realize continuous discharge of the dry ash.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

dry-method pressure-reducing ash-discharging device, which comprises a primary pressure-reducing device provided with a back-flushing port, a solid inlet, a solid outlet and a pressure-relief port, wherein the solid inlet of the primary pressure-reducing device is communicated with a dry ash inlet, the pressure-relief port is communicated with a gas discharge pipeline through a pipeline provided with a back-pressure valve, the solid outlet of the primary pressure-reducing device is communicated with the solid inlet of a secondary pressure-reducing device provided with the back-flushing port, the solid outlet and a second pressure-relief port through a pipeline provided with a back-pressure valve, the outlet of the secondary pressure-reducing device is communicated with the solid inlet of a transmitter provided with the back-flushing port and the solid outlet, the solid outlet of the transmitter is communicated with an inlet of a sending buffer tank, the back-flushing port of the primary pressure-reducing device, the back-flushing port of the secondary pressure-reducing device and the gas inlet of the transmitter are respectively communicated with a pipeline provided with a ball valve, a pipeline provided with a second ball valve and a pipeline provided with a gas delivery valve .

The blowback ports of the primary decompression equipment and the secondary decompression equipment are or more.

The toper bottom of sending the buffer tank is equipped with the filtration filter core and has seted up fluidization loosening mouth, fluidization loosening mouth is linked together through the pipeline of taking loose pneumatic valve with the transport gas pipeline, still be provided with the stop valve on the rear end pipeline of the export trip valve of the pipeline that sends the buffer tank and ash storage tank and be linked together, pipeline between trip valve and the stop valve still is linked together through the pipeline that is equipped with second loose pneumatic valve with the transport gas pipeline.

The primary pressure reducing device and the secondary pressure reducing device are or more devices connected in series.

The solid entrance of elementary decompression equipment, the solid entrance of secondary decompression equipment, the entrance of sender all are equipped with the nipple joint dismantled of length less than or equal to 20m, and have all seted up or a plurality of compulsory fluidization mouth on dismantling the nipple joint, can dismantle that nipple joint and all pipelines are the kinds or multiple combination of thickening wear-resisting steel pipe, built-in refractory material pipe or the wear-resisting pipe of inside lining pottery.

And a purifying device is arranged at the outlet of the gas discharge pipeline.

And a sealing piece is arranged at the pipeline elbow part where the sending tank is communicated with the ash storage tank.

A filtering and dedusting element is arranged at the upper end of an inlet of the ash storage tank, and a gas outlet communicated with the conveying gas recovery pipeline is formed in the ash storage tank at the upper end of the filtering and dedusting element;

and a back-blowing gas pipeline which is communicated with the gas conveying pipeline and is provided with a third ball valve is arranged at the upper end of the ash storage tank filtering and dedusting element.

The method for performing dry-method pressure-reducing ash discharge by using the device comprises the following specific steps:

step , setting the pressure of the primary pressure reducing equipment and the pressure of the secondary pressure reducing equipment according to the upstream hot dry ash pressure level, namely opening the conveying gas pipeline to adjust the pressure of the primary pressure reducing equipment and the pressure of the secondary pressure reducing equipment to reach a set value;

step two: and introducing the dry ash into the primary pressure reducing device from the dry ash inlet, and recycling the hot dry ash into the ash storage tank through the primary pressure reducing device, the secondary pressure reducing device, the transmitter and the transmitting buffer tank in sequence.

The method comprises the specific processes that according to the pressure of an upstream system, when the pressure level of hot dry ash is 3.0-5.0 MPa, the pressure of primary pressure reduction equipment is set to be 2.5-2.8 MPa, the pressure of secondary pressure reduction equipment is controlled to be 0.6-1.0 MPa, when the pressure level of hot dry ash is 1.0-3.0 MPa, the pressure of the primary pressure reduction equipment is set to be 0.8-1.5 MPa, the pressure of the secondary pressure reduction equipment is controlled to be 0.2-0.8 MPa, dry pressure reduction ash discharge sequential control is started, the recovered high-quality hot dry ash with heat and with the temperature of 25-300 ℃ and the pressure of less than or equal to 5.0MPa is subjected to continuous pressure reduction and pressure relief through the primary pressure reduction equipment and the secondary pressure reduction equipment, the gas is collected into a purification device for purification and then utilized, when the pressure of the secondary pressure reduction equipment reaches the set pressure, a second loosening of an outlet pipeline of a sending buffer tank is opened to purge and dredge the conveying pipeline, then an outlet of the sending buffer tank, a loosening cut-off valve at the bottom of the sending buffer tank, a sending gas valve of the sending gas valve.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts a two-stage pressure reduction process, can discharge dry ash by controlling pressure, does not depend on temperature control, and realizes continuous discharge of the dry ash; the heat of the dry ash entering the primary pressure reducing equipment and the secondary pressure reducing equipment is effectively discharged by arranging the gas discharging pipeline, so that the high-temperature dry ash can be discharged.

, when the pressure is released slowly or the pressure is larger in the conveying process, the back-blowing opening can be used for back-blowing the equipment, so as to accelerate the pressure release or reduce the pressure and ensure the normal operation of the device.

Step , the pipeline with the loosening air valve and the pipeline with the second loosening air valve can be used for loosening dry ash in the sending buffer tank and dry ash in the pipeline connecting the sending buffer tank with the ash storage tank respectively, so that the dry ash can better enter subsequent equipment, and the filter element can ensure that the sending buffer tank is not blocked.

, at least primary and secondary pressure relief devices are configured to facilitate reducing the pressure to a desired value based on the operating conditions.

, the detachable short section is arranged to facilitate the maintenance of the device, the forced fluidization port on the detachable short section can avoid the blockage of the pressure reduction device in the ash discharge process, and the thickened wear-resistant steel pipe, the built-in refractory material pipe or the ceramic-lined wear-resistant pipe is more wear-resistant and more durable.

, the purifying device purifies the discharged gas, which improves the cleanness of the discharged gas and facilitates the reuse of the discharged gas.

, the sealing element can avoid the abrasion problem of the elbow of the conveying pipeline in the ash discharging process, and the sealing element can be detached to dredge the elbow when the elbow is blocked by dry ash.

And , the filtering and dedusting element ensures that the gas entering the conveying gas recovery pipeline has higher cleanliness, so that the gas can be reused conveniently.

The dry-method pressure-reducing ash discharging method only needs to control pressure, is simple in operation process and low in cost, and can avoid the problem of difficult high-grade heat recovery caused by the conventional spiral ash discharging method, such as the ash discharging method of a high-temperature winkler (HTW) gasification furnace, compared with the conventional dry ash discharging method, the dry-method pressure-reducing ash discharging method can also reduce the problem of high cost caused by the sealing design of the spiral ash discharging machine under the condition of pressure and is suitable for large-area pushing of , because the recovered high-temperature dry ash transfers heat to surrounding gas when the recovered high-temperature dry ash is in the primary pressure reducing device and the secondary pressure reducing device, the gas with high temperature moves to the upper part in the pressure reducing device and is blown to the discharge gas pipeline to discharge.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

The device comprises 1 primary pressure reducing device, 2 secondary pressure reducing device, 3, th short section, 4, second short section, 5, third short section, 6, transmitter, 7, transmitting buffer tank, 8, th sealing element, 9, second sealing element, 10, ash storage tank, 11, conveying gas pipeline, 12, gas discharging pipeline, 13, blowback gas pipeline, 14, dry ash inlet, 15, purifying device, 16, conveying gas recovery pipeline, V1, conveying gas valve , V2, -th loosening gas valve , V3, second loosening gas valve , V4, outlet cut-off valve, V5, cut-off valve, V6, -th ball valve, V7, second ball valve, V8, -th ball valve, V9, second backpressure valve, V10 and third ball valve.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments:

as shown in FIG. 1, the dry method pressure-reducing ash-discharging device of the present invention comprises a pressure-reducing unit, a conveying unit and a collecting unit. The pressure reducing unit comprises a primary pressure reducing device 1 and a secondary pressure reducing device 2, the conveying unit comprises a conveying gas pipeline 11, and the collecting unit comprises a transmitter 6, a transmitting buffer tank 7 and an ash storage tank 10. The method comprises the following specific steps:

the ash storage tank comprises a primary pressure reducing device 1, a dry ash inlet 14, a solid inlet of the primary pressure reducing device 1, a dry ash storage tank 14, a dry ash storage tank 6, a dust removal system and a dust removal system, a dust removal system and a dust removal system, wherein the like, wherein the system, a dust removal system, wherein the dust removal system and a dust removal system, a dust removal system and a dust removal system, wherein the dust removal system and a dust removal system, a dust removal system and a dust removal system, wherein the device and a dust removal system and.

In this embodiment, for making the pipeline more durable, nipple 3, second nipple 4, third nipple 5 and all connecting lines are wear-resisting pipeline, and wear-resisting pipeline is kinds or multiple combination of thickening wear-resisting steel pipe, built-in refractory material pipe or the wear-resisting pipe of inside lining pottery, the length of nipple 3, second nipple 4, third nipple 5 all does not exceed 20 m.

The pressure-reducing ash-discharging method comprises the following steps that before a dry-method pressure-reducing ash-discharging device operates, solid particles with the particle size equivalent to that of dry ash and the density equivalent to that of the dry ash are filled in a primary pressure-reducing device 1, a secondary pressure-reducing device 2 and a sending buffer tank 7, according to the pressure of an upstream system, when the pressure grade is 3.0-5.0 MPa, the pressure of a back pressure valve V8 of the primary pressure-reducing device 1 is set to be within the range of 2.5-2.8 MPa, the pressure of a back pressure valve V9 of the secondary pressure-reducing device 2 is controlled to be within the range of 0.6-1.0 MPa, when the pressure grade is 1.0-3.0 MPa, the pressure of a back pressure valve V8 of the primary pressure-reducing device 1 is set to be within the range of 0.8-1.5 MPa, the pressure of a back pressure valve V9 of the secondary pressure-reducing device 2 is controlled to be within the range of 0.2-0.8 MPa, hot dry ash under pressure is recovered (25-300 ℃ and less than or equal to 5.0MPa), the pressure of the pressure-reducing device 1 and the pressure of the secondary pressure-reducing device 2, if the pressure is slowly reduced, the pressure is released, the pressure of a gas collection gas is opened, the sending gas is released to a sending gas collection gas is opened, the sending device 2, the sending device enters a back-blowing dust-sending device 2, the sending device enters a back blowing dust-sending device 2, the sending device is opened, the sending device 2, the sending.