阅读说明：本技术 一种利用餐厨垃圾制备碳源的工艺 (Process for preparing carbon source by utilizing kitchen waste ) 是由 龚代高 于 2019-11-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及垃圾处理的技术领域,公开了一种利用餐厨垃圾制备碳源的工艺,其特征在于：将收集后的餐厨垃圾进行如下步骤处理：S1：除杂质；S2：除油脂；将讲过S1处理过后的餐厨垃圾加入自来水,使得自来水将垃圾淹没；然后对含有自来水的垃圾进行持续加热至自来水沸腾,并且使得自来水持续沸腾20-30min；最后将水过滤,且餐厨垃圾继续进行下一步；S3：厌氧发酵；经过上述步骤,制得碳源。通过使用自来水蒸煮餐厨垃圾,从而使得餐厨垃圾中的油脂溶出,并且漂浮在水面上,接着将水面上的油脂过滤之后,从而达到减少餐厨垃圾中的油脂的目的,最终能够使得S3厌氧发酵的时候所产生的短链脂肪酸的最大产量增大,从而使得后续制备的碳源含量提高。(The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, and discloses a process for preparing a carbon source by utilizing kitchen garbage, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the collected kitchen waste is treated by the following steps: s1: removing impurities; s2: removing grease; adding tap water into the kitchen waste treated by the S1 to submerge the waste by the tap water; then continuously heating the garbage containing tap water until the tap water boils, and continuously boiling the tap water for 20-30 min; finally, filtering the water, and continuing the kitchen waste to the next step; s3: anaerobic fermentation; the carbon source is prepared through the steps. By using tap water to cook the kitchen waste, grease in the kitchen waste is dissolved out and floats on the water surface, and then the grease on the water surface is filtered, so that the purpose of reducing the grease in the kitchen waste is achieved, the maximum yield of short-chain fatty acid generated in S3 anaerobic fermentation can be increased, and the carbon source content of subsequent preparation is increased.)

1. A process for preparing a carbon source by utilizing kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the collected kitchen waste is treated by the following steps:

s1: removing impurities;

s2: removing grease; adding tap water into the kitchen waste treated by the S1 to submerge the waste by the tap water; then continuously heating the garbage containing tap water until the tap water boils, and continuously boiling the tap water for 20-30 min; finally, filtering the water, and continuing the kitchen waste to the next step;

s3: anaerobic fermentation;

the carbon source is prepared through the steps.

2. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: in the step of removing the grease by the S2, after tap water is added into the kitchen waste, alcohol with the mass concentration of 85% is added into the tap water in the kitchen waste, and the mass ratio of the alcohol to the tap water is 1 (70-80).

3. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: and in the oil removal of the S2, after tap water is added to the kitchen waste, a foaming agent is continuously added to the kitchen waste.

4. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: the foaming agent comprises the following chemical components in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of glyceryl monostearate, 1-3 parts of eucalyptus oil, 10-18 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and 0.5-1.3 parts of amyl cinnamyl alcohol.

5. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: s2, filtering in degreasing, taking filtrate, standing the filtrate for 10-30min, layering oil and water, removing an upper oil floating layer, and pouring a lower layer of liquid into the kitchen waste; and then carrying out secondary heating, keeping tap water to submerge the kitchen waste all the time, then keeping the tap water boiling for 20-30min, filtering the tap water, taking the kitchen waste, and then carrying out S3 anaerobic fermentation.

6. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: the step S4 is also included after the S3 anaerobic fermentation: adjusting COD of the carbon source.

7. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 6, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: s4 regulates COD of carbon source: COD conditioning solution was added towards the carbon source after anaerobic fermentation at S3.

8. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 7, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: the COD regulating solution is one or more of methanol, sodium acetate, acetic acid and glucose.

9. The process for preparing the carbon source by utilizing the kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon source is prepared by the following steps: in the S3 anaerobic fermentation, the pH value during the anaerobic fermentation is adjusted to 5.5-7; and the temperature is kept between 30 and 40 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a process for preparing a carbon source by utilizing kitchen garbage.

Background

The kitchen waste refers to waste generated in activities such as daily life, food processing, food service, unit meal supply and the like of residents, and comprises discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, fruit peels, eggshells, soup rice, bones and the like, and the kitchen waste is mainly sourced from household kitchens, restaurants, dining halls, markets and other industries related to food processing. The kitchen waste contains extremely high moisture and organic matters, is easy to decay and generates stink.

For example, chinese patent No. CN103243125B discloses a method for anaerobic production of carbon source from kitchen waste, which comprises the steps of, firstly, removing impurities and pulverizing the kitchen waste, removing substances which are not beneficial to fermentation, such as paper, plastics, and inorganic substances, and pulverizing the kitchen waste to below 1 cm, which is suitable for anaerobic hydrolysis to produce acid. Secondly, putting the pretreated kitchen waste into an anaerobic acid production reactor for fermentation, controlling the pH, the temperature and the stirring process, so that acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and ethanol products are produced by fermentation, and hydrogen is produced at the same time; and (3) obtaining the supernatant rich in organic acid by the fermented kitchen waste through a centrifugal separation device, introducing the supernatant into a nitrogen and phosphorus removal system at the centrifugal rotation speed of 8000-10000 r/min, and finally treating the kitchen waste residues generated by centrifugation. By utilizing the characteristic of high organic matter content of the kitchen waste and combining an anaerobic hydrolysis acidification process, the kitchen waste is subjected to anaerobic hydrolysis fermentation, and the operating conditions in the reaction stage are controlled to generate volatile organic acid which mainly comprises acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and ethanol, which are organic matters with the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects, so that the problems of high cost and high toxicity of traditional carbon sources such as methanol and the like can be solved, and the reduction, recycling and harmless treatment of the kitchen waste can be realized.

A large amount of grease exists in the kitchen waste, and the existence of the grease can influence the anaerobic fermentation process in the steps. The higher the content of the grease is, the smaller the maximum yield of the short-chain fatty acid generated by anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste is. And the short-chain fatty acid is part of the carbon source, so that the content of the carbon source prepared by using the kitchen waste in the production process is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a process for preparing a carbon source by utilizing kitchen waste, which solves the problem of reducing grease in the kitchen waste.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a process for preparing a carbon source by utilizing kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the collected kitchen waste is treated by the following steps:

s1: removing impurities;

s2: removing grease; adding tap water into the kitchen waste treated by the S1 to submerge the waste by the tap water; then continuously heating the garbage containing tap water until the tap water boils, and continuously boiling the tap water for 20-30 min; finally, filtering the water, and continuing the kitchen waste to the next step;

s3: anaerobic fermentation;

the carbon source is prepared through the steps.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through using the running water to cook kitchen garbage, from can making the grease dissolve out from kitchen garbage, because the boiling state that is in that water lasts to make kitchen garbage's the internal energy in surface increase, the energy of grease molecule self wherein increases, decomposes out from kitchen garbage, finally makes the grease float on the surface of water of running water, filters after that, filters the grease on the surface of water, thereby can make the grease in the kitchen garbage reduce. By using tap water to cook the kitchen waste, grease in the kitchen waste is dissolved out and floats on the water surface, and then the grease on the water surface is filtered, so that the purpose of reducing the grease in the kitchen waste is achieved, the maximum yield of short-chain fatty acid generated in S3 anaerobic fermentation can be increased, and the carbon source content of subsequent preparation is increased.

As a further improvement of the invention, in the oil and fat removal of S2, after tap water is added into the kitchen waste, alcohol with the mass concentration of 85% is added into the tap water in the kitchen waste, and the mass ratio of the alcohol to the tap water is 1 (70-80).

By adopting the technical scheme, the alcohol is added into the tap water, so that more grease in the kitchen waste can be dissolved out. Because tap water is heated and is easy to volatilize in the heating process, 85% alcohol with higher concentration is selected, and after a part of alcohol is volatilized, the residual part can still play the role of extracting grease.

As a further improvement of the invention, in the oil and fat removal of S2, after tap water is added to the kitchen waste, a foaming agent is continuously added to the kitchen waste.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through adding the foaming agent, can make the solubility of grease in aqueous worse for aquatic grease is still less, thereby makes more grease float on the surface of water, gets rid of the grease when conveniently filtering.

As a further improvement of the invention, the foaming agent comprises the following chemical components in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of glyceryl monostearate, 1-3 parts of eucalyptus oil, 10-18 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and 0.5-1.3 parts of amyl cinnamyl alcohol.

According to the technical scheme, the glyceryl monostearate is β -crystal at normal temperature, a lipid bilayer structure is presented, the middle of the glyceryl monostearate is connected by polar groups through hydrogen bonds, so that the glyceryl monostearate has strong affinity with water, then in the process of removing the grease, tap water needs to be heated to boiling, the boiling is continuously kept, and the water begins to permeate into the bilayer along with the rise of the temperature to form a layered intermediate phase.

As a further improvement of the method, after filtering in the oil removal of S2, taking filtrate, standing the filtrate for 10-30min, removing an upper oil floating layer after oil-water separation, and pouring lower liquid into the kitchen waste; and then carrying out secondary heating, keeping tap water to submerge the kitchen waste all the time, then keeping the tap water boiling for 20-30min, filtering the tap water, taking the kitchen waste, and then carrying out S3 anaerobic fermentation.

Through twice cooking of the kitchen waste, more grease can be discharged from the kitchen waste.

As a further improvement of the invention, the anaerobic fermentation of S3 further comprises the following steps of S4: adjusting COD of the carbon source.

Because the COD value of the carbon source obtained after anaerobic fermentation is not high enough, the carbon source can not meet the requirement when the carbon source is needed to treat sewage and wastewater. By adjusting the COD value of the carbon source, the COD value of the carbon source can be adjusted according to more practical requirements, and the universality of the carbon source is enhanced.

As a further improvement of the present invention, S4 regulates COD of the carbon source: COD conditioning solution was added towards the carbon source after anaerobic fermentation at S3.

As a further improvement of the invention, the COD regulating solution is one or more of methanol, sodium acetate, acetic acid and glucose.

By adopting the technical scheme, the COD value of the carbon source can be adjusted to a required value due to different COD values of the methanol, the sodium acetate, the acetic acid and the glucose, so that the universality of the carbon source is improved.

As a further improvement of the invention, in the S3 anaerobic fermentation, the pH value during the anaerobic fermentation is adjusted to 5.5-7; and the temperature is kept between 30 and 40 ℃.

By adopting the technical scheme, the pH value in the fermentation process is adjusted to 5.5-7, so that the yield of volatile fatty acid is higher, and meanwhile, the activity of anaerobic bacteria is stronger in the process of keeping the temperature at 30-40 ℃, so that the fermentation efficiency is higher.

In conclusion, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

1. by using tap water to cook the kitchen waste, grease in the kitchen waste is dissolved out and floats on the water surface, and then the grease on the water surface is filtered, so that the purpose of reducing the grease in the kitchen waste is achieved, and finally the maximum yield of short-chain fatty acid generated in S3 anaerobic fermentation can be increased, so that the content of a carbon source prepared subsequently is increased;

2. by adding alcohol into tap water, more grease in the kitchen waste can be dissolved out;

3. by adding the foaming agent, the solubility of the grease in water is poorer, and the grease in water is less, so that more grease floats on the water surface, and the grease is conveniently removed during filtering;

4. by adjusting the COD value of the carbon source, the COD value of the carbon source can be adjusted according to more practical requirements, and the universality of the carbon source is enhanced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a process for preparing a carbon source by using kitchen waste.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.