阅读说明：本技术 一种高铬镍基高温合金及其制备方法与应用 (High-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 常保华 王开明 都东 刘冠 蒲泽 于 2019-11-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及先进制造和高温合金领域,尤其涉及一种高铬镍基高温合金及其制备方法与应用；以质量百分比计,所述高铬镍基高温合金中含有Cr 30～35％,Ti 1～2％,Al 1～2％,Ta 2～3％,Nb 1～2％,Mo 2.5～3.5％,W 4～5％,Fe 0.2～0.5％,C 0.005～0.03％,B 0.003～0.01％,Y 0.003～0.01％,余量为Ni；本发明通过激光增材制造方法制备得到高铬镍基高温合金,通过对激光增材制造工艺参数的优化、以及在激光增材制造过程中使用液氩同步激冷的方式进行冷却,降低热应力以减少激光增材制造过程中的工件变形和裂纹,实现了高性能高铬镍基高温合金的近净成型,得到了综合性能优异的高铬镍基高温合金。所述高铬镍基高温合金适用于航空航天、石油化工、核电工业等领域。(The invention relates to the field of advanced manufacturing and high-temperature alloy, in particular to a high-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy and a preparation method and application thereof; the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy comprises, by mass, 30-35% of Cr, 1-2% of Ti, 1-2% of Al, 2-3% of Ta, 1-2% of Nb, 2.5-3.5% of Mo, 4-5% of W, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.005-0.03% of C, 0.003-0.01% of B, 0.003-0.01% of Y and the balance of Ni; the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy is prepared by the laser additive manufacturing method, and the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained by optimizing the laser additive manufacturing process parameters and cooling in a liquid argon synchronous chilling mode in the laser additive manufacturing process to reduce the thermal stress so as to reduce the workpiece deformation and cracks in the laser additive manufacturing process, thereby realizing the near-net forming of the high-performance high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy. The high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy is suitable for the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, nuclear power industry and the like.)

1. The high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy is characterized by comprising, by mass, 30-35% of Cr, 1-2% of Ti, 1-2% of Al, 2-3% of Ta, 1-2% of Nb, 2.5-3.5% of Mo, 4-5% of W, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.005-0.03% of C, 0.003-0.01% of B, 0.003-0.01% of Y and the balance of Ni.

2. The high-chromium nickel-based superalloy according to claim 1, wherein the high-chromium nickel-based superalloy comprises, by mass, 32-35% of Cr, 1.1-1.7% of Ti, 1.2-1.6% of Al, 2.1-2.2% of Ta, 1.4-1.9% of Nb1, 2.5-3.3% of Mo, 4.1-4.6% of W, 0.3-0.5% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of C, 0.007-0.009% of B, 0.005-0.008% of Y, and the balance of Ni.

3. The high-inconel-based superalloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-inconel-based superalloy comprises, by mass, 32.6% Cr, 1.14% Ti, 1.23% Al, 2.13% Ta, 1.43% Nb, 2.79% mo, 4.57% W, 0.32% Fe, 0.014% C, 0.009% B, 0.008% Y, and the balance Ni;

and/or, the high chromium-nickel-based high temperature alloy contains, by mass, 34.3% of Cr, 1.46% of Ti, 1.28% of Al, 2.14% of Ta, 1.78% of Nb, 3.23% of Mo, 4.38% of W, 0.39% of Fe, 0.013% of C, 0.008% of B, 0.005% of Y and the balance of Ni;

and/or the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy contains 33.7% of Cr, 1.67% of Ti, 1.56% of Al, 2.1% of Ta, 1.89% of Nb, 2.59% of Mo, 4.15% of W, 0.42% of Fe, 0.023% of C, 0.007% of B, 0.005% of Y and the balance of Ni in percentage by mass.

4. The method for preparing the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) vacuum smelting is carried out on raw materials of all elements, and then high-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is prepared by a gas atomization method;

(2) cleaning the surface of the base material for additive;

(3) setting a laser scanning path as a Z-shaped path;

(4) a cooling device is arranged in front of the laser additive manufacturing device, and laser additive manufacturing and cooling are carried out simultaneously.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the laser additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 0.5-3 kW, the scanning speed is 100-800 mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 5-30 g/min, the lap joint rate is 30-60%, the interlayer height is 0.4-1.2 mm, the defocusing amount is 0-50 mm, the spot size is 1-5 mm, and the protective gas flow is 10-30L/min.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the cooling device is composed of a pressurized gas tank, a heat preservation and insulation hose and a cooling nozzle; the pressurized gas tank is connected with the laser additive manufacturing device, and the heat-preservation and heat-insulation hose connects the pressurized gas tank with the cooling touch nozzle.

7. The manufacturing method of claim 6, wherein an angle between the cooling nozzle and the laser head for laser additive manufacturing is 30-90 °, and a liquid argon flow rate of the pressurized gas tank is 5-20L/min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the high-chromium nickel-based superalloy powder is 45-110 μm.

9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the light spot is a rectangular light spot or a circular light spot.

10. Use of the high chromium nickel-based superalloy of any of claims 1 to 3 or the method of any of claims 4 to 9 in aerospace, petrochemical, nuclear power industries.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of advanced manufacturing and high-temperature alloy, in particular to a high-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The nickel-based high-temperature alloy has excellent comprehensive performance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, nuclear power industry and the like, in particular to the manufacture of key hot end components of aero-engines and gas turbines (the main preparation process at present is casting, plastic forming and the like). However, the high-temperature alloy contains a large amount of refractory metal alloy elements, has high processing difficulty and complex manufacturing process, has higher manufacturing difficulty for parts with complex shapes, and seriously restricts the application of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy in the fields of industry and national defense.

The key heat-bearing components (such as a combustion chamber and the like) of the aero-engine can work at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ and bear large thermal stress, so the materials for manufacturing the key heat-bearing components need to have high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent high-temperature mechanical property and structural stability of long-time high-temperature work, the high-temperature oxidation resistance and the corrosion resistance of the alloy can be improved by increasing the Cr content under the normal condition, but the Cr content is higher than 30%, a Cr-rich α -Cr phase can be generated, the phase can limit the high-temperature performance and the hot-working performance of the alloy, and the technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field needs to be solved in an urgent way.

CN200810112416.7 discloses a high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy reinforced by a chromium-rich precipitated phase and a preparation method thereof, the invention provides a chromium-rich cast high-temperature alloy with the Cr content of 35-40%, the precipitation morphology of the α -Cr phase can be controlled through proper heat treatment, and the alloy has good high-temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.

The laser additive manufacturing technology is a novel manufacturing technology which combines laser cladding and rapid prototype manufacturing, belongs to die-free forming, does not relate to the problem of die manufacturing, reduces the manufacturing cost and has high production efficiency; the flexibility degree is high, and the manufacture of large-size parts can be realized; the closed-loop control of the whole manufacturing process can be realized, and the high-precision machining and the automation of the machining process can be realized through feedback control. Therefore, the method can be used for efficiently preparing the nickel-based superalloy component.

CN109967742A discloses a nickel-based superalloy and a preparation method thereof, and particularly discloses a method for manufacturing a GH4169 alloy by laser additive manufacturing, wherein the method can improve the tensile mechanical property of the GH4169 alloy; however, in the laser additive manufacturing process, heat is mainly dissipated outwards through the substrate, and the heat is gradually accumulated along with the increase of the number of layers, so that thermal stress is gradually accumulated and the size of crystal grains is increased, and the metal member is easily deformed and cracked due to the thermal stress, so that the shape and the performance of the metal member are affected. Therefore, how to effectively reduce the problems of deformation and cracking in the laser additive manufacturing process is also a difficult problem for those skilled in the art to face.

CN209077788U discloses a synchronous water cooling system suitable for laser additive manufacturing, which is used for synchronous cooling of laser additive manufacturing; however, the water cooling system uses circulating water for cooling, and the reduction effect of a large amount of heat accumulation in the additive manufacturing process of large-size components is limited.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-chromium nickel-base high-temperature alloy (manufactured by laser additive manufacturing); the Cr content in the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy is higher than 30%, but the high-temperature alloy has excellent high-temperature performance, and meanwhile, the high-temperature alloy has the advantages of small deformation, high density, uniform grain size, proper size, high-temperature oxidation resistance and excellent corrosion resistance.

Specifically, the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy comprises, by mass, 30-35% of Cr, 1-2% of Ti, 1-2% of Al, 2-3% of Ta, 1-2% of Nb, 2.5-3.5% of Mo, 4-5% of W, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.005-0.03% of C, 0.003-0.01% of B, 0.003-0.01% of Y, and the balance of Ni.

In order to further improve the performance of the high-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the invention optimizes the mass percentages of the elements, and specifically comprises the following steps:

preferably, the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy contains, by mass, 32-35% of Cr, 1.1-1.7% of Ti, 1.2-1.6% of Al, 2.1-2.2% of Ta, 1.4-1.9% of Nb, 2.5-3.3% of Mo, 4.1-4.6% of W, 0.3-0.5% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of C, 0.007-0.009% of B, 0.005-0.008% of Y, and the balance of Ni.

As a better technical scheme of the invention, the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy contains, by mass, Cr32.6%, Ti 1.14%, Al 1.23%, Ta 2.13%, Nb 1.43%, Mo 2.79%, W4.57%, Fe 0.32%, C0.014%, B0.009%, Y0.008% and the balance of Ni;

as a better technical scheme of the invention, the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy contains, by mass, 34.3% of Cr34, 1.46% of Ti, 1.28% of Al, 2.14% of Ta, 1.78% of Nb, 3.23% of Mo, 4.38% of W, 0.39% of Fe, 0.013% of C, 0.008% of B, 0.005% of Y and the balance of Ni;

as a better technical scheme of the invention, the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy contains, by mass, Cr33.7%, Ti 1.67%, Al 1.56%, Ta 2.1%, Nb 1.89%, Mo 2.59%, W4.15%, Fe 0.42%, C0.023%, B0.007%, Y0.005% and the balance of Ni.

The high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy disclosed by the invention takes Ni as a matrix, the Cr content is 30-35%, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance and high-temperature corrosion resistance of the alloy are improved; the content of Ti and Al is lower than 5 percent, so that the alloy has better weldability; a small amount of Ta improves the high-temperature strength of the alloy; nb can reduce the tendency to form strain age cracks; mo can refine crystal grains and improve the thermal stability of the alloy; w can improve the strength of the alloy; y can enhance the precipitation effect; therefore, the invention realizes the excellent performance of the high-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy through the synergistic interaction among the elements.

In addition, the invention optimizes the preparation process of the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy, so that the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy is particularly suitable for oxidation-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy parts used below 900 ℃. Specifically, the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy, which comprises the following steps:

(1) vacuum smelting is carried out on raw materials of all elements, and then high-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is prepared by a gas atomization method;

(2) cleaning the surface of the base material for additive;

(3) setting a laser scanning path as a Z-shaped path;

(4) a cooling device is arranged in front of the laser additive manufacturing device, and laser additive manufacturing and cooling are carried out simultaneously.

Further, the present invention finds, through a large number of experiments, preferred process parameters of laser additive manufacturing, specifically, the process parameters of laser additive manufacturing are as follows: the laser power is 0.5-3 kW, the scanning speed is 100-800 mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 5-30 g/min, the lap joint rate is 30-60%, the interlayer height is 0.4-1.2 mm, the defocusing amount is 0-50 mm, the spot size is 1-5 mm, and the protective gas flow is 10-30L/min.

Wherein, the powder feeding mode is synchronous powder feeding or lateral powder feeding.

According to the invention, the cooling device is arranged in front of the laser additive manufacturing device, and by the servo chilling type laser additive manufacturing method and the specific laser additive manufacturing process parameters, the thermal stress caused by heat accumulation in the forming process can be reduced, the deformation of a formed part is reduced, and further the high-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy with low stress, small deformation and no crack is obtained.

Preferably, the cooling device consists of a pressurized gas tank, a heat preservation and insulation hose and a cooling nozzle; the pressurized gas tank is connected with the laser additive manufacturing device, and the heat-preservation and heat-insulation hose connects the pressurized gas tank with the cooling touch nozzle.

Preferably, the angle between the cooling nozzle and the laser head for laser additive manufacturing is 30-90 degrees, and the liquid argon flow of the pressurized gas tank is 5-20L/min.

Preferably, the particle size of the high-chromium nickel-based superalloy powder is 45-110 mu m.

Preferably, the light spot is a rectangular light spot or a circular light spot.

The invention also provides the application of the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy or the preparation method in aerospace, petrochemical industry and nuclear power industry.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy disclosed by the invention is small in deformation, high in density, uniform in grain size, proper in size, excellent in high-temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance;

(2) the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy is prepared by the laser additive manufacturing method, and the high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained by optimizing the laser additive manufacturing process parameters and cooling in a liquid argon synchronous chilling mode in the laser additive manufacturing process to reduce the thermal stress so as to reduce the workpiece deformation and cracks in the laser additive manufacturing process, thereby realizing the near-net forming of the high-performance high-chromium nickel-based high-temperature alloy.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling nozzle; in the figure: 1. connecting a laser head structure; 2. the nozzle is cooled.

FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the high chrome nickel-based superalloy prepared in example 1.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.