Ultra-light armor product and preparation method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种超轻装甲产品及其制备方法 (Ultra-light armor product and preparation method thereof ) 是由 徐喜成 黄兴良 陈振坤 刘金良 姬万滨 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种超轻装甲产品,包括：纤维层压板；粘结在所述纤维层压板表面的金属板；粘结在所述金属板表面的纤维布；粘结在所述纤维布表面的多个封装的陶瓷小块,所述封装的陶瓷小块内部为陶瓷小块,外部采用纤维布进行封装；粘结在所述多个封装的陶瓷小块表面的纤维布。本发明提供的超轻装甲产品防多发攻击；通过三维包裹封装,独立的小陶瓷块重新构成整体,整体结构强度大,具备很强机械性能,如弯曲性能,抗震,防撞损伤；防弹能力提高；可以二次修复使用,提高陶瓷板使用效率。本发明还提供了一种超轻装甲产品的制备方法。(The present invention provides an ultra-light armor product comprising: a fibrous laminate; a metal plate bonded to a surface of the fiber laminate; fiber cloth adhered to the surface of the metal plate; the ceramic blocks are bonded on the surface of the fiber cloth, the ceramic blocks are arranged inside the ceramic blocks, and the fiber cloth is used for packaging the ceramic blocks outside the ceramic blocks; and the fiber cloth is bonded on the surfaces of the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks. The ultra-light armor product provided by the invention can prevent multiple attacks; through three-dimensional packaging, the independent small ceramic blocks are reconstructed into a whole, the whole structure has high strength, and the ceramic block has very strong mechanical properties such as bending property, shock resistance and collision damage resistance; the bulletproof capability is improved; the ceramic plate can be repaired and used for the second time, and the service efficiency of the ceramic plate is improved. The invention also provides a preparation method of the ultralight armor product.)
1. An ultra-light armor product comprising:
a fibrous laminate;
a metal plate bonded to a surface of the fiber laminate;
fiber cloth adhered to the surface of the metal plate;
the ceramic blocks are bonded on the surface of the fiber cloth, the ceramic blocks are arranged inside the ceramic blocks, and the fiber cloth is used for packaging the ceramic blocks outside the ceramic blocks;
and the fiber cloth is bonded on the surfaces of the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks.
2. The ultra-light armor product of claim 1, wherein the ceramic nubbins are made of a material selected from one or more of boron carbide, silicon carbide, alumina, zirconia toughened alumina, aluminum nitride and titanium boride.
3. The ultra-light armor product of claim 1, wherein said ceramic nubs have a shape selected from one or more of square, regular hexagon, and rectangle.
4. The ultra-light armor product of claim 1, wherein said fiber cloth is selected from one or more of glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, aramid fiber cloth, polyethylene fiber cloth, and basalt fiber cloth.
5. The ultra-light armor product of claim 1, wherein said bonding adhesive is selected from one or more of epoxy and phenolic resins.
6. The ultra light armor product of claim 1, wherein said metal sheet is selected from one or more of steel sheet, aluminum alloy sheet, and titanium alloy sheet.
7. The ultra-light armor product of claim 1, wherein said fibrous laminate is selected from one or more of a glass fiber laminate, a carbon fiber laminate, an aramid laminate, and a polyethylene laminate.
8. The ultra-light armor product of claim 1, wherein the areal density of the fiber cloth and plurality of encapsulated ceramic nubs collectively comprise 0.36 to 0.7 of the areal density of the ultra-light armor product.
9. A method of making the ultra light armor product of claim 1, comprising:
bonding the fiber laminate to a metal sheet;
bonding fiber cloth on the surface of the metal plate;
bonding a plurality of packaged ceramic small blocks on the surface of the fiber cloth;
bonding fiber cloth on the surfaces of the plurality of packaged ceramic small blocks to obtain an armor product;
and curing the armor product to obtain the ultra-light armor product.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the curing is performed by pressing in a mold at a temperature of 25 to 120 ℃, a pressure of 0.1 to 10MPa, and a time of 5 seconds to 48 hours.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of armor products, in particular to an ultra-light armor product and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The majority of the bulletproof armors which are mainstream at present are metal materials, and some nonmetal composite materials are also available. The metal bulletproof armor has been developed for decades, the product is mature and low in cost, and is generally a high-strength and high-hardness mean steel plate, an aluminum alloy plate or a titanium alloy plate, but the weakness of the product is also obvious, namely high areal density. On the other hand, the requirement of human body protection on light weight is higher, and the light weight of the bulletproof armor is particularly important due to the consideration of fuel economy and motion radius and the pursuit of motion flexibility of motion carriers such as vehicle tanks.
Whether individual protection or vehicle equipment protection is carried out, the first task is to protect the bullet or blast fragment under ballistic impact, and with the upgrading of weapons or the improvement of ballistic threat level faced by customers, higher requirements are put forward on the protection capability of the bulletproof armor.
The metal bulletproof plate enables the bullet to generate plastic deformation, passivation, fragmentation and even crushing during high-speed collision through high hardness and high strength, and meanwhile, the metal bulletproof plate absorbs a large amount of kinetic energy through tensile shear deformation in the process, so that energy is mainly consumed through bullet deformation, bulletproof plate deformation, friction and other forms. However, as the strength and hardness of the metal armor are improved, deformation is limited in a very small range when the armor is impacted by a bullet, and due to the fact that the strain rate is extremely high, a heat insulation shearing effect is generated, through holes of the shearing plug which is slightly larger than the diameter of the bullet are formed at the impact point of the armor, only a small amount of kinetic energy of the bullet can be absorbed, and under the condition, the residual speed of the bullet is very high, and secondary damage can be caused by the plug block and the bullet. Therefore, the metal armor is easy to generate heat insulation shearing to reduce the protection performance and cause secondary damage.
Although the ceramic material has high hardness, the ceramic material is fragile, the multi-hit resistance is poor, and unexpected collision easily causes damage and loses the protection function: the bulletproof ceramics such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, alumina, aluminum nitride, titanium boride, zirconia toughened alumina and the like can rapidly deform a bullet under the high-speed impact of the bullet due to the extremely high hardness of the ceramics, erodes the quality of the bullet, is insensitive to the corresponding speed change rate, just makes up the defects of the metal bulletproof material in this respect, has obvious defects due to the singly used ceramics, and has the advantages of high hardness, large brittleness, immediate breakage after impact and rapid reduction of the protection capability in the face of secondary or even multiple impacts.
The bulletproof armor with the structure of Qiaobam appears in the sixty-seventy years of the last century, the ceramic is clamped between two metal plates to form a sandwich structure, the contradiction between the brittleness of the ceramic and the failure of the adiabatic shearing plug of the metal plates is effectively solved, but the structure is still heavy.
The fiber composite material laminated board is made of aramid fiber or ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and the density of the fiber is far lower than that of a metal material, particularly the density of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber is only 0.97 and is 3 percent lower than that of water, and the specific strength of the fiber composite material laminated board is far higher than that of metals such as aluminum, steel, titanium and the like. The protective coefficient of the fiber laminated board independently used as the bulletproof board can be further improved, and the fiber laminated board is a main choice for light-weight equipment such as human body protection. But the weakness of the fiber composite material is also very obvious, on one hand, when the fiber composite material is used for protection of transportation equipment and the like, the fiber composite material has insufficient rigidity, and can play a synergistic effect only by using a traditional metal material as a support, bullet prevention and structural support, and on the other hand, for bullets with more than medium calibers and high kinetic energy and hardness and elastic cores, the fiber laminated board has higher required thickness and large impact deformation. Composite ballistic panels made from such fibrous laminates and ceramic composites also suffer from high impact deformation and lack of structural support.
In conclusion, it has become a hot spot of those skilled in the art to improve various performances of bulletproof materials, such as bulletproof performance, structural strength, light weight, multiple attack prevention, secondary utilization prevention, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an ultra-light armor product and a method for manufacturing the same, and the ultra-light armor product provided by the present invention has good bulletproof performance.
The present invention provides an ultra-light armor product comprising:
a fibrous laminate;
a metal plate bonded to a surface of the fiber laminate;
fiber cloth adhered to the surface of the metal plate;
the ceramic blocks are bonded on the surface of the fiber cloth, the ceramic blocks are arranged inside the ceramic blocks, and the fiber cloth is used for packaging the ceramic blocks outside the ceramic blocks;
and the fiber cloth is bonded on the surfaces of the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks.
In the invention, the fiber laminated board is preferably selected from one or more of a glass fiber laminated board, a carbon fiber laminated board, an aramid fiber laminated board and a polyethylene laminated board, the polyethylene laminated board is preferably an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene laminated board, the fiber laminated board can also be a fiber laminated board with one or more fibers mixed, a laminated board with carbon fibers mixed with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, a laminated board with aramid fibers mixed with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, and the like.
In the present invention, the thickness of the fiber laminate is preferably 5 to 20mm, and more preferably 6 to 15 mm.
In the present invention, the metal plate is preferably selected from one or more of a steel plate (homogeneous steel plate), an aluminum alloy plate and a titanium alloy plate, and the steel plate (homogeneous steel plate) is preferably selected from commercial bulletproof steel plates such as products having designations of AMFD95, AMFD3, AMP500, AMP550, AMBP500, 26SiMnMo (Gy5), 28CrMo (Gy4), 22SiMn2TiB (616), PRO500, 32CrNi2MoTiA (a-8), 32Mn2Si2MoA (F-3), 32Mn2SiA (F-2), AMFD54, AMFD56, AMFD53, AMFD16, AMFD85, AMBP 790; the material of the aluminum alloy plate is preferably high-strength aluminum alloy, such as products with the brands of 2A11, 2A12, 7A04, 7A05, 7A52, 7050, 7A09, LF4 and 2519; the composition of the titanium alloy sheet is preferably Ti-6AI-4V (TC 4).
In the invention, the thickness of the metal plate is preferably 1-8 mm, and more preferably 2-5 mm.
In the present invention, the shape and size of the metal sheets and the fiber laminate are in accordance with the shape and size of the ultra light armor product to be obtained.
In the invention, the bonding is preferably performed by using an adhesive, the adhesive is preferably selected from one or more of epoxy resin and phenolic resin, and the epoxy resin is more preferably used.
In the invention, the fiber cloth is preferably selected from one or more of glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, aramid cloth, polyethylene cloth and basalt fiber cloth; the polyethylene cloth is preferably unidirectional orthogonal prepreg cloth of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (0 degree/90 degree) n; the fiber cloth can also be a woven cloth obtained by combining several fibers, preferably one or more of glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth and aramid cloth, and more preferably aramid cloth.
In the invention, a layer of fiber cloth can be bonded on the surface of the metal plate, and a plurality of layers of fiber cloth can also be bonded; the components of the adhesive used for bonding are consistent with the technical scheme, and are not described again. In the present invention, the shape and size of the fiber cloth bonded to the surface of the metal plate are the same as those of the metal plate.
In the invention, the inside of the encapsulated ceramic small block is the ceramic small block, and the outside is encapsulated by fiber cloth. In the invention, the material of the ceramic small block is preferably selected from one or more of boron carbide, silicon carbide, alumina, zirconia toughened alumina, aluminum nitride and titanium boride. In the present invention, the shape of the ceramic small block is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of a regular hexagon, a square, and a rectangle, and may include a half of a regular hexagon used in accordance with a corner modification of a regular hexagon or a half of a square used in accordance with a corner modification of a square, and more preferably a combination of a square and a rectangle, and most preferably a square.
In the present invention, the desired shape of the ceramic nubs can be designed according to the desired size of the ultra light armor product, and the number and type of ceramic nubs needed in the length and width directions of the armor product can be calculated.
In the invention, the fiber cloth encapsulated outside the ceramic small block can be a layer or a plurality of layers; the type of the fiber cloth is consistent with the technical scheme, and the description is omitted.
In the invention, the preparation method of the encapsulated ceramic small block can be as follows:
designing and cutting the shape of the fiber cloth for packaging the ceramic small blocks;
and packaging the small ceramic blocks by using the cut fiber cloth.
In the invention, the design method of the fiber cloth for packaging the ceramic small blocks can be as follows:
according to the shape of the ceramic small block, the bullet-facing surface of the ceramic small block is taken as the center, and the ceramic small block is outwards unfolded towards each side surface of the ceramic small block (as shown in fig. 2, the shape of the fiber cloth for packaging the ceramic small block is the shape of the fiber cloth for packaging the ceramic small block).
In the invention, the fiber cloth for packaging the ceramic small blocks can be cut on the cutting machine, the cutting machine can be a computer-assisted cutting device such as an automatic cutting machine or a laser cutting machine, and the designed fiber cloth can be cut on the cutting machine in a unified manner, so that the loss is reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency is improved.
In the present invention, the method for packaging the ceramic small blocks may be to package the ceramic small blocks clockwise or counterclockwise by taking the cut fiber cloth as the center on the bullet-facing surface of the ceramic small blocks (as shown in fig. 2 and 3).
In the embodiment of the invention, the packaging method of the square ceramic small block is as shown in fig. 2: the square ceramic small block has six surfaces, the front surface and the back surface are squares, as shown in 12 of fig. 2, and the four sides are shown in 11 of fig. 2; the corresponding relation of each surface is shown in figure 2, wherein the front and
In the embodiment of the invention, the packaging method of the rectangular ceramic small block is shown in fig. 3, wherein 11 is the side surface of the ceramic small block, 11-1 is the fiber cloth corresponding to the side surface of the ceramic small block, 12 is the upper surface of the ceramic small block, and 12-1 is the fiber cloth corresponding to the upper surface of the ceramic small block.
The method for packaging the ceramic provided by the invention can realize three-dimensional constraint on the ceramic, thereby improving the anti-elasticity performance of the ceramic.
In the invention, a plurality of ceramic small blocks can be arranged and bonded on the surface of the fiber cloth according to a certain shape, such as a laying sequence of square ceramic small blocks, and can be laid according to a square sequence, as shown in fig. 1, or one vertex of a square corresponds to the middle point of the side of another square, so as to form an arrangement of staggered half ceramics. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an ultra-light armor product according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a ceramic small block, 2 and 3 are isolation layers formed by fiber cloth and an adhesive, 4 is a metal plate, and 5 is a fiber laminated plate.
In the invention, the adhesive components adopted by the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks bonded on the surface of the fiber cloth are consistent with the technical scheme, and are not described again.
In the invention, the components of the adhesive used for bonding the fiber cloth on the surfaces of the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks are consistent with the technical scheme, and are not described again; the type of the fiber cloth is consistent with the technical scheme, and the description is omitted; a layer of fiber cloth can be bonded on the surfaces of a plurality of packaged ceramic small blocks, and a plurality of layers of fiber cloth can also be bonded.
In the invention, the bullet-facing surface and the bullet-back surface of a plurality of packaged ceramic small blocks both need one or more layers of fiber cloth as the integrally packaged cover cloth.
In the invention, the ratio of the integral surface density of the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks and the fiber cloth (including the fiber cloth bonded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks) to the surface density of the whole ultra-light armor product is preferably 0.36-0.70, and more preferably 0.50-0.66.
The invention provides a preparation method of the ultralight armor product, which comprises the following steps:
bonding the fiber laminate to a metal sheet;
bonding fiber cloth on the surface of the metal plate;
bonding a plurality of packaged ceramic small blocks on the surface of the fiber cloth;
bonding fiber cloth on the surfaces of the plurality of packaged ceramic small blocks to obtain an armor product;
and curing the armor product to obtain the ultra-light armor product.
In the present invention, the fiber laminated board, the metal plate, the fiber cloth, the encapsulated ceramic small blocks and the adhesive used for bonding are the same as those described in the above technical solution, and are not described herein again.
In the invention, the obtained armor product is cured, and the curing method can be that the armor product is put into a mould to be cured under certain temperature, pressure and time, or the armor product is put into a breathable bag and then is put into a vacuum curing bag and finally is put into a vacuum autoclave to be cured, and the armor product can also be cured by adopting a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process.
In the invention, the armor product is molded, solidified and shaped in the die, so that the components of the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks, the metal plates and the fiber laminated plates can keep the fit and uniformity of the sizes, and on the other hand, the armor product is also used for applying the curing stress to achieve the effect of strengthening the ceramic constraint.
In the invention, the temperature for curing in the mould is preferably 25-120 ℃, more preferably 50-90 ℃; the pressure is preferably 0.1-10 MPa, more preferably 1-8 MPa, most preferably 3-6 MPa, and the pressure is the unit area bearing capacity of the armor product in the vertical direction of the bullet-facing surface; the time is preferably 5 seconds to 48 hours. In the present invention, the solidification of the armor product in the mold at a certain temperature, pressure and time may be a one-time continuous pressing or a segmented pressing, and those skilled in the art can select the solidification according to actual conditions.
In the invention, in the process of bonding the metal plate, the fiber laminated plate, the fiber cloth and the plurality of encapsulated ceramic small blocks, the adhesive can be coated and bonded by hand application, or a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process can be adopted, and the temperature, the pressure and the time need to be controlled in the later compression molding stage no matter the hand application molding bonding process or the RTM process is adopted, so that the balance of efficiency, cost and performance is realized.
The key point of the invention is the sequence and the composition proportion of the metal plate and the fiber laminated plate, so that the metal plate and the fiber laminated plate have obvious synergistic effect, and meanwhile, the invention also uses the packaging technology to carry out three-dimensional packaging on the ceramic.
Because the ceramic is high in hardness and fragile, the ceramic is most forbidden to be beaten, dropped, knocked and the like in the using process, and once the ceramic cracks and is damaged, the protection capability of the ceramic is greatly reduced, so that the collision avoidance is generally specially noted in the bulletproof armor conventionally manufactured in the market, and various collisions cannot be avoided in the battlefield environment, so that the reliability and the stability of the bulletproof armor are reduced, and the requirement on the guarantee performance is higher. The present invention, by encapsulating the ceramic, on the one hand, improves the resistance of the ceramic to various accidental injuries, avoids various cracking damages caused by unexpected collisions, etc. and avoids reducing its protective properties, while in the prior art structural adhesives, such as those based on epoxy resins, are not generally used, which tend to transmit the loads generated at the tire/road interface to the strike face ceramic layer. After the fiber cloth and the resin are used for packaging the ceramic, the anti-vibration loading capacity of the resin is improved due to the toughening effect of the fiber.
On the other hand, the packaged ceramic is bonded by the adhesive to form a new integral ceramic plate, the bonded integral ceramic plate is firmer due to the reinforcing effect of the fiber cloth, the integral rigidity is higher, the bending strength of the integral plate is greatly improved, and the interface of the integral composite armor is greatly improved by adopting the composite coating of the fiber cloth and the resin.
In the third aspect, because the small blocks are spliced to form the integral plate, when a bullet or fragment impacts, the small blocks are often contacted with one ceramic block or two or more adjacent ceramic blocks, the number of ceramic breakage and failure is very limited, and the protection capability for multiple attacks is guaranteed.
In the fourth aspect, due to the encapsulation effect of the fiber cloth, the adjacent ceramics are actually isolated by the composite material of the fiber cloth and the resin, and the transmission of the shock wave during the impact of the projectile is isolated by the ceramic-composite material interface, so that the transmission of the shock wave between the ceramics is inhibited, the incidence and reflection of the ceramics at the impact point are enhanced, the integrity of other ceramics is ensured, and the energy absorption efficiency of the ceramics at the impact point is also improved.
In the fifth aspect, due to the encapsulation effect of the ceramic, the bullet and the ceramic rub and erode each other at the moment of impact, so that the reverse splashing of the surface ceramic to the bullet impact direction is inhibited, the ceramic can be powerfully ensured to keep the original position during the subsequent propulsion of the bullet, and the anti-elastic capacity of the ceramic is greatly improved.
In the sixth aspect, since the bulletproof performance of the ceramic in the present invention is improved, the amount of the ceramic can be reduced in the case where the same protective effect is expected, or the amount of the back sheet can be reduced in the case where the amount of the ceramic is equivalent, thereby reducing the areal density of the bulletproof as a whole in order to achieve the object of light weight.
In the seventh aspect, as the ceramic is encapsulated by the fiber cloth and the glue to isolate the shock wave, once the ceramic is hit by a bullet or a fragment, the damage range is limited, secondary repair can be carried out to realize multiple use of the ceramic armor, and the failure rate of the ceramic plate is improved by 2-3 times (taking a 300mm × 300mm armor plate as an example, the ceramic plate is generally scrapped after being attacked by one or two 54-type 12.7mm armor-piercing combustion bombs, while the ultra-light armor product in the invention can be repaired and reused at least once after being encapsulated by the fiber cloth).
In the invention, the ultra-light armored product is suitable for armored plates for armored vehicles, armored plates for armed helicopters or individual protective chest flashboards. The ultra-light armor product provided by the invention is simple to form, can be formed by a one-step method (only one-step heating, pressurizing and curing is needed), and can be subjected to an automatic production technology; multiple attacks are prevented; through three-dimensional packaging, the independent small ceramic blocks are reconstructed into a whole, the whole structure has high strength, and the ceramic block has very strong mechanical properties such as bending property, shock resistance and collision damage resistance; the bulletproof capability is improved; the ceramic plate can be repaired and used for the second time, and the service efficiency of the ceramic plate is improved.
In the present invention, areal density refers to the weight per unit area, which is equal to the total weight divided by the total area, and is a measure of the lightweighting of an armor product, i.e., the weight of an armor plate that is to be protected to a certain level divided by the area of the plate.
In the invention, the multi-impact resistance refers to the ability of the same armor to resist the impact of a plurality of shots, and the impact can be the impact of the same bullet at the same speed or the impact of different bullets at different speeds.
In the present invention, adiabatic shearing means that a metal material is not deformed in time under a high-speed shearing force, and is melted in a very limited range of a shearing point, resulting in a small shearing absorption power, and generally occurs on a high-hardness high-strength steel plate.
In the present invention, API is an abbreviation for armour-piercing bomb.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a lightweight armor product provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a square ceramic tile encapsulated by a fiber cloth;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of rectangular ceramic small blocks encapsulated by fiber cloth.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The epoxy resin used in the following examples of the present invention is an Andebao brand HJ-3-1 epoxy resin product provided by Shanghai Huayi resin Co., Ltd.
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