阅读说明：本技术 一种氢同位素低温精馏低滞留再沸器 (Hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification low-retention reboiler ) 是由 陈超 王鑫 王和义 彭述明 钱达志 黄洪文 肖成建 李佳懋 侯京伟 赵林杰 岳磊 于 2021-07-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种氢同位素低温精馏低滞留再沸器,包括稳定液氢液位的竖直设置的中心管、液氢气化部件和气液分离管；所述中心管直径10-50mm,中心管上端头设有作为再沸器与低温精馏柱的接口的法兰；中心管上下两端均设有用于测量再沸器内的液氢液位微压差的液位计接口；液氢气化部件包括液气转换腔室和加热器,液氢气化部件上端与中心管上端通过气液分离管连通,液氢气化部件下部与中心管下部通过液氢导管连通；中心管下端设有液氢采出管。该再沸器在使用过程中,小直径中心管内无气流扰动,液位平稳便于测量和控制,该再沸器内液氢滞留量显著减少,可提高氢同位素低温精馏技术的操作安全性,在氚工厂生产中有利于氚自持。(The invention provides a hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification low-retention reboiler which comprises a central pipe, a liquid hydrogen gasification part and a gas-liquid separation pipe, wherein the central pipe is vertically arranged and used for stabilizing the liquid level of liquid hydrogen; the diameter of the central pipe is 10-50mm, and the upper end of the central pipe is provided with a flange which is used as an interface of a reboiler and the low-temperature rectifying column; the upper end and the lower end of the central pipe are respectively provided with a liquid level meter interface for measuring the liquid hydrogen liquid level micro-pressure difference in the reboiler; the liquid hydrogen gasification component comprises a liquid-gas conversion chamber and a heater, the upper end of the liquid hydrogen gasification component is communicated with the upper end of the central pipe through a gas-liquid separation pipe, and the lower part of the liquid hydrogen gasification component is communicated with the lower part of the central pipe through a liquid hydrogen guide pipe; the lower end of the central tube is provided with a liquid hydrogen extraction tube. The reboiler is in the use, and no air current disturbance in the minor diameter center tube, the liquid level is steady and is convenient for measure and control, and the liquid hydrogen hold up in the reboiler is showing and is reducing, can improve the operational safety of hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification technique, is favorable to tritium self-sustaining in tritium factory production.)

1. A hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification low-retention reboiler is characterized in that: the device comprises a central pipe (1) which is vertically arranged and used for stabilizing the liquid level of liquid hydrogen, a liquid hydrogen gasification component (2) and a gas-liquid separation pipe (3); the diameter of the central pipe is 10-50mm, and the upper end of the central pipe (1) is provided with a flange (4) which is used as a connector of a reboiler and a low-temperature rectifying column; the upper end and the lower end of the central pipe (1) are respectively provided with a liquid level meter interface (5) for measuring the liquid hydrogen liquid level micro-pressure difference in the reboiler; the liquid hydrogen gasification component (2) comprises a liquid-gas conversion chamber and a heater (8), the upper end of the liquid hydrogen gasification component (2) is communicated with the upper end of the central pipe (1) through a gas-liquid separation pipe (3), and the lower part of the liquid hydrogen gasification component (2) is communicated with the lower part of the central pipe (1) through a liquid hydrogen guide pipe (7); the lower end of the central tube (1) is provided with a liquid hydrogen production tube (6).

2. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low-residence reboiler in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid hydrogen gasification component (2) is annular and is sleeved outside the central pipe (1).

3. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low-residence reboiler in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the liquid hydrogen gasification part (2) is 50-200mm, and the distance between the inner surface and the outer surface of the ring is 10-30 mm.

4. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low-residence reboiler in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that: the four gas-liquid separation pipes (3) are uniformly distributed on the central pipe (1) in a surrounding manner.

5. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low-residence reboiler in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: and the reboiler is wrapped with a plurality of layers of punching aluminized polyester films.

6. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low-residence reboiler in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the heater (8) is an electric heater with programmable control power.

7. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low-residence reboiler in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: and a low-temperature sensor is arranged on the heater (8).

8. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low-residence reboiler in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that: the heating surface of the heater (8) is made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient.

9. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low residence reboiler in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the liquid hydrogen gasification component (2) is composed of the heating surface of the heater (8).

10. A hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification low residence reboiler in accordance with claim 9 further characterized by: the heating surface of the heater (8) is made of red copper, and the reboiler body is made of 316L stainless steel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification low-retention reboiler, and belongs to the field of hydrogen low-temperature rectification reboiler equipment.

Background

The hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification technology has the advantages of large separation factor, large treatment capacity, relatively small energy consumption, negligible tritium permeation at low temperature and the like, and is known as one of the most effective methods for separating hydrogen isotopes in the field of fusion reactor deuterium-tritium fuel circulation. Because hydrogen isotopes are flammable and explosive and tritium has radioactivity, the retention amount of the hydrogen isotopes in a cryogenic rectification system needs to be reduced as much as possible in order to improve the safety of a cryogenic rectification technology of the hydrogen isotopes. The key to the continued operation of a fusion reactor is the self-sustaining presence of tritium. Reducing the tritium retention during the recycling of deuterium-tritium fuels is an important task in achieving tritium self-sustaining. When the hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification technology is used for producing fuel-grade tritium, a large amount of high-purity liquid tritium is retained in a reboiler of a tower kettle of the hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification technology. The reduction of the retention of the tower kettle of the cryogenic rectification device has important significance for reducing tritium retention.

Because the hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification treatment capacity is much smaller than that of other rectification processes, and liquid hydrogen is difficult to convey, common external reboilers, such as forced circulation reboilers, thermosiphon reboilers, falling film reboilers and the like, are difficult to apply to the hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification process. The reboiler used in the hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification process at present is mainly an electrically heated kettle reboiler. The conventional kettle reboiler is usually large in capacity in order to ensure a sufficient gas-liquid separation space and maintain a stable liquid level. This results in a large liquid hydrogen hold-up and tritium hold-up in the cryogenic rectification system, which is detrimental to operational safety and tritium self-sustaining.

The existing industrial reboiler is provided with a reboiler aiming at protium deuterium tritium low-temperature rectification, which cannot adapt to the use scene of protium deuterium tritium low-temperature rectification, and a hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification reboiler is needed to be provided aiming at continuously breaking through the nuclear fusion technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a hydrogen isotope low temperature rectification low retention reboiler for solving the problems, which aims to: the reboiler separates the small-diameter central tube and the liquid-gas conversion chamber into independent working parts, so that no air flow disturbance exists in the small-diameter central tube, a small amount of liquid hydrogen in the reboiler can ensure normal operation, the operation safety of hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification is greatly improved, the hydrogen isotope retention is remarkably reduced, and the reboiler is favorable for self-sustaining of fusion reactor deuterium-tritium fuel circulation tritium.

The invention provides a hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification low-retention reboiler for achieving the purpose, which comprises a central pipe, a liquid hydrogen gasification part and a gas-liquid separation pipe, wherein the central pipe is vertically arranged for stabilizing the liquid level of liquid hydrogen; the diameter of the central pipe is 10-50mm, and the upper end of the central pipe is provided with a flange which is used as an interface of a reboiler and the low-temperature rectifying column; the upper end and the lower end of the central pipe are respectively provided with a liquid level meter interface for measuring the liquid hydrogen liquid level micro-pressure difference in the reboiler; the liquid hydrogen gasification component comprises a liquid-gas conversion chamber and a heater, the upper end of the liquid hydrogen gasification component is communicated with the upper end of the central pipe through a gas-liquid separation pipe, and the lower part of the liquid hydrogen gasification component is communicated with the lower part of the central pipe through a liquid hydrogen guide pipe; the lower end of the central pipe is provided with a liquid hydrogen production pipe; the small-diameter central tube collects a small amount of liquid hydrogen from the bottom of the low-temperature rectifying column to form a high stable liquid level, so that accurate measurement is facilitated, and according to the principle of a communicating vessel, the liquid level in the liquid hydrogen gasification part is always consistent with the liquid level in the small-diameter central tube.

Furthermore, in order to make the design of the reboiler more compact and occupy less space, the liquid hydrogen gasification part is annular and is sleeved outside the central pipe.

Furthermore, in order to meet production requirements and adapt to the low-temperature rectification production environment of the liquid hydrogen isotope, the outer diameter of the liquid hydrogen gasification part is 50-200mm, and the distance between the inner surface and the outer surface of the ring is 10-30 mm.

Furthermore, in order to make the gas-phase hydrogen isotopes easier to flow out of the liquid hydrogen gasification component, the four gas-liquid separation pipes are uniformly distributed on the central pipe in a surrounding mode.

Furthermore, in order to reduce heat leakage of the heater, the reboiler is wrapped with a plurality of layers of punching aluminized polyester films.

Furthermore, in order to control the power of the heater in real time and control the liquid hydrogen gasification process to be stable, the heater is an electric heater with programmable control power.

Furthermore, in order to know the temperature change condition of the heater and better control the power of the heater, and achieve the purpose of ideal liquid hydrogen gasification, a low-temperature sensor is arranged on the heating surface of the heater.

Further, in order to make the heater conduct the heating heat of the liquid hydrogen more quickly, the heating surface of the heater is made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient.

Further, in order to make the heating position more favorable for directly heating the liquid hydrogen and make the liquid hydrogen airtight more easily, the bottom surface of the liquid hydrogen gasification component is composed of the heating surface of the heater.

Furthermore, in order to enable the heater to conduct the heating heat of the liquid hydrogen more quickly and to be more beneficial to controlling the gasification process in the liquid hydrogen gasification part by adjusting the power of the heater, the heating surface of the heater is made of red copper, the main body of the reboiler is made of 316L stainless steel, and the heating surface of the heater and the stainless steel part are sealed by electron beam welding.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the reboiler separates the small-diameter central tube and the liquid-gas conversion chamber into independent working parts, the small-diameter central tube collects a small amount of liquid hydrogen from the bottom of the low-temperature rectification column to form a high stable liquid level for accurate measurement, the liquid level in the liquid-hydrogen gasification part is always consistent with the liquid level in the small-diameter central tube according to the principle of a communicating vessel, no flow disturbance exists in the small-diameter central tube of the reboiler in the use process, the liquid level is stable and convenient to measure and control, the liquid hydrogen retention is obviously reduced compared with the liquid hydrogen retention of the traditional design, and the operation safety of the hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification technology can be improved.

2. The liquid hydrogen gasification part is annular and is sleeved outside the central pipe, so that the design of the reboiler is more compact and the occupied space is small.

3. The outer diameter of the liquid hydrogen gasification part is 50-200mm, and the distance between the inside and the outside of the ring is 10-30mm, so that the production requirement is met, and the liquid hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification production environment is adapted.

4. The four gas-liquid separation pipes are uniformly distributed on the central pipe in a surrounding manner, so that gas-phase hydrogen isotopes can flow out of the liquid hydrogen gasification component more easily.

5. And the reboiler is wrapped with a plurality of layers of punching aluminized polyester films, so that heat leakage of the heater is reduced.

6. The heater is an electric heater with programmable control power, the power of the heater can be controlled in real time, and the gasification process of the liquid hydrogen is controlled to be stable.

7. The low-temperature sensor is arranged on the heating surface of the heater, so that the temperature change condition of the heater can be known, the power of the heater can be better controlled, and the purpose of ideal liquid hydrogen gasification is achieved.

8. The heating surface of the heater is made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient, so that the heater can conduct the heating heat of the liquid hydrogen more quickly.

9. The bottom surface of the liquid hydrogen gasification part consists of the heating surface of the heater, so that the heating position is more favorable for directly heating the liquid hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen is more easily airtight.

10. The heater heating surface is red copper material, the reboiler main part is 316L stainless steel, makes the heater heat conduction more rapid to liquid hydrogen heating, is favorable to more controlling the gasification process in the liquid hydrogen gasification part through adjusting heater power.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention 1/4.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention 1/4.

Fig. 4 is a heater layout diagram of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a central tube; 2. a liquid hydrogen gasification part; 3. a gas-liquid separation pipe; 4. a flange; 5. a liquid level meter interface; 6. a liquid hydrogen production pipe; 7. a liquid hydrogen conduit; 8. a heater; 9. a planar non-inductive power resistor; 10. a low temperature sensor.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A hydrogen isotope low-temperature rectification low-retention reboiler shown in fig. 1-4, which comprises a central pipe 1, a liquid hydrogen gasification part 2 and a gas-liquid separation pipe 3 which are vertically arranged and used for stabilizing the liquid hydrogen level; the diameter of the central tube is 30mm, the length of the central tube is 334mm, and the upper end of the central tube 1 is provided with a flange 4 serving as an interface of a reboiler and a low-temperature rectification column; the upper end and the lower end of the central pipe 1 are respectively provided with a liquid level meter interface 5 for measuring the liquid hydrogen liquid level micro-pressure difference in the reboiler, and the size of the liquid level meter interface 5 is 1/4 inches; the liquid hydrogen gasification component 2 comprises a liquid-gas conversion chamber and a heater 8, the upper end of the liquid hydrogen gasification component 2 is communicated with the upper end of the central tube 1 through a gas-liquid separation tube 3, the lower part of the liquid hydrogen gasification component 2 is communicated with the lower part of the central tube 1 through a liquid hydrogen guide tube 7, and the gas-liquid separation tube 3 and the liquid hydrogen guide tube 7 are 1/2 inch tubes; the lower end of the central pipe 1 is provided with a liquid hydrogen production pipe 6, and the liquid hydrogen production pipe is 1/8 inches.

Based on the above embodiment, the liquid hydrogen gasification component 2 is annular and is sleeved outside the central tube 1.

Based on the above embodiment, the liquid hydrogen gasification member 2 has an outer diameter of 115mm, an inner and outer surface distance of 25mm and a height of 80 mm.

Based on the above embodiment, the gas-liquid separation tubes 3 are arranged in four and uniformly distributed around the central tube 1.

Based on the above embodiment, the reboiler is wrapped with a plurality of layers of punched aluminized polyester films.

Based on the above embodiment, the heater 8 is an electric heater with programmable control power, the heater power is 200W at most, the voltage range is 0-100V, the current range is 0-2A, the heating power can be adjusted steplessly, and the deviation between the power output set value and the measured value is less than ± 5%.

Based on the above embodiment, two low temperature sensors 10 are provided at intervals on the heating surface of the heater 8, and are fixed by M3 bolts.

Based on the above embodiment, the bottom surface of the liquid hydrogen vaporization member 2 is composed of the heating surface of the heater 8.

Based on the above embodiment, the heating surface of the heater 8 is made of a material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, the material with the high thermal conductivity coefficient is made of red copper, the reboiler main body is 316L stainless steel, the heating surface of the heater 8 and the stainless steel component are sealed by electron beam welding, 6 planar non-inductive power resistors 9 are uniformly arranged on the heating ring surface of the heater 8 and fixed by using M3 bolts, the planar non-inductive power resistors 9 are selected from a blue bottom plate power resistor, and the central temperature of the bottom plate is less than or equal to 25 ℃ and the rated power of the bottom plate is 35W.

The small-diameter central tube 1 collects a small amount of liquid hydrogen from the bottom of the cryogenic rectification column to form a high stable liquid level, so that accurate measurement is facilitated, according to the principle of a communicating vessel, the liquid level in the liquid hydrogen gasification component 2 is always consistent with the liquid level in the small-diameter central tube 1, the heating power of the heater 8 is controlled by a liquid level signal and the low-temperature sensor 10, stable and controllable liquid hydrogen boiling is ensured, the small-diameter central tube has no air flow disturbance in the use process of the reboiler, the operation safety of hydrogen isotope cryogenic rectification is greatly improved, the hydrogen isotope retention is remarkably reduced, and the self-sustaining of fusion reactor deuterium-tritium fuel cycle tritium is facilitated.

Reference is made to Cryogenicdistinguonextemperalstands for hydrogen isotransmission (fusion engineering and design146(2019) 1998) 2001 and to Distillationofhydrogenesis for polarized HDtargets (Nuclear instruments and methods for molecular research 664(2012)347 352).

Through laboratory tests, the reboiler in the first reference and the second reference has more liquid hydrogen retention, which is not beneficial to the self-sustaining of fusion reactor deuterium-tritium fuel cycle tritium.

The liquid hydrogen hold-up of the reboiler in this embodiment is reduced by 71.4% compared to that in reference one.

The liquid hydrogen hold-up of the reboiler in this embodiment is reduced by 73% compared to that in reference one.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.