阅读说明：本技术 顶吹炼镍的装置及方法 (Device and method for top-blown nickel smelting ) 是由 陆金忠 李晓霞 刘恺 李海春 吴玲 李建辉 孙晓峰 潘璐 赵永成 吴金财 尉克俭 于 2019-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种顶吹炼镍的装置及方法,该装置包括：炉体,炉体由侧墙、端墙、炉底和炉顶组成,炉顶中部设有伸入炉体内部的隔墙,隔墙将炉体分隔成相连通的熔炼区和贫化区,其中,熔炼区的炉顶上设有熔炼物料入口、喷枪口和熔炼烟气出口,熔炼区的侧墙上部设有二次风口,熔炼区的靠近炉底的端墙上设有低镍锍出口；贫化区的炉顶上设有贫化物料入口、电极孔和贫化烟气出口,贫化区的端墙上部设有贫化渣出口；喷枪,喷枪通过喷枪口伸入至熔炼区内部；电极,电极通过电极孔伸入至贫化区内部。该装置克服了闪速熔炼原料适应性差的问题,解决了现有熔池熔炼工艺流程长的问题,且对事故应变能力强,可以实现连续进料及间断排放,提高熔炼渣的贫化效果。(The invention discloses a top-blown nickel smelting device and a method, wherein the device comprises: the furnace body consists of a side wall, an end wall, a furnace bottom and a furnace top, wherein the middle part of the furnace top is provided with a partition wall extending into the furnace body, and the partition wall divides the furnace body into a smelting area and a depletion area which are communicated with each other; a diluting material inlet, an electrode hole and a diluting flue gas outlet are arranged on the top of the diluting zone, and a diluting slag outlet is arranged at the upper part of the end wall of the diluting zone; the spray gun extends into the smelting zone through a spray gun port; and the electrode extends into the depletion region through the electrode hole. The device overcomes the problem of poor adaptability of flash smelting raw materials, solves the problem of long process of the existing molten pool smelting process, has strong emergency capacity to accidents, can realize continuous feeding and intermittent discharge, and improves the dilution effect of smelting slag.)

1. An apparatus for top blowing nickel, comprising:

the furnace body consists of a side wall, an end wall, a furnace bottom and a furnace top, a partition wall extending into the furnace body is arranged in the middle of the furnace top, the furnace body is divided into a smelting area and a dilution area which are communicated by the partition wall, wherein,

a smelting material inlet, a spray gun port and a smelting smoke outlet are formed in the furnace top of the smelting zone, a secondary air port is formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the smelting zone, and a low-nickel matte outlet is formed in the end wall, close to the furnace bottom, of the smelting zone;

a depleted material inlet, an electrode hole and a depleted flue gas outlet are formed in the furnace top of the depleted zone, and a depleted slag outlet is formed in the upper part of the end wall of the depleted zone; the spray gun extends into the smelting zone through the spray gun port; an electrode extending into the depletion zone interior through the electrode aperture.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a plurality of said lance ports and a plurality of said lances;

optionally, the lance extends into the smelting zone at a distance from the material in the smelting zone;

optionally, a plurality of said lance ports are provided around said smelt inlet.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the lean flue gas outlet is connected to the secondary tuyere.

4. The apparatus for top-blowing nickel according to claim 1, further comprising: the side-blowing spray gun comprises a plurality of side-blowing spray gun ports and a plurality of side-blowing spray guns, wherein the side-blowing spray gun ports are formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the dilution zone, and the side-blowing spray guns extend into the dilution zone through the side-blowing spray gun ports and are buried in materials in the dilution zone.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a plurality of said electrode apertures and a plurality of said electrodes;

optionally, the side walls and the end walls are of a water jacket-refractory brick structure;

optionally, the furnace top is of a water jacket-casting structure;

optionally, the hearth is of a steel plate-refractory brick construction;

optionally, the partition wall and the low-nickel matte outlet are of a copper water jacket structure;

optionally, the impoverishment material inlet is of a molten steel sleeve structure;

optionally, the furnace body is an electric heating square furnace body.

6. A method for top-blowing nickel by using the nickel top-blowing device of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

feeding nickel concentrate, a first reducing agent and a slag former from the smelting material inlet to the smelting zone, feeding first air to the smelting zone through the lance, the first air reacting with the nickel concentrate, the reducing agent and the slag former to obtain a first low nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas;

sending second air to the smelting zone through the secondary air port, wherein the second air reacts with the flue gas so as to obtain smelting flue gas;

the smelting slag enters the depletion area from the lower part of the partition wall, the electrode preserves the temperature of the smelting slag, a second reducing agent is sent to the depletion area through the depletion material inlet, and the smelting slag reacts with the second reducing agent so as to obtain second low nickel matte, depleted flue gas and depleted slag.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the depleted flue gas is returned to the smelting zone as the second air.

8. The process of claim 6 or 7, wherein an agitation gas is injected into the depletion zone through the side-blowing lance or the agitation gas and the second reductant are injected into the depletion zone through the side-blowing lance.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the nickel concentrate comprises: 1-15 wt% of Ni, 0-10 wt% of Cu, 0.001-1 wt% of Co, 20-35 wt% of S and 0-12 wt% of MgO;

optionally, the mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the first reducing agent is 10-35: 1, the mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the slagging constituent is 5-10: 1;

optionally, the smelting temperature of the smelting zone is 1180-1350 ℃;

optionally, the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the first air is 50-90%;

optionally, the content of nickel in the smelting slag is 0.4-0.6 wt%;

optionally, Fe and SiO in the smelting slag₂The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.8-1.3;

optionally, the content of calcium oxide in the smelting slag is 3-5 wt%;

optionally, the temperature of the smelting flue gas is 1300-1350 ℃.

10. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the depletion temperature of the depletion zone is 1300-1450 degrees Celsius;

optionally, the mass ratio of the smelting slag to the second reducing agent is 20-40: 1;

optionally, the temperature of the depleted flue gas is 800-1000 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of nickel smelting, and particularly relates to a top-blown nickel smelting device and method.

Background

The prior nickel smelting process used at home and abroad at present comprises the following steps: flash smelting, top-blown smelting and side-blown smelting. Wherein:

flash smelting belongs to a suspension smelting process, and the process flow comprises the following steps: nickel concentrate and flux batching-drying-furnace top batching-concentrate nozzle spraying into a reaction tower-flash smelting-low nickel matte and waste slag production. The process has strict requirements on the granularity, moisture, components and stability of the materials entering the furnace, if quartz is used as a flux, the quartz needs to be finely ground and then mixed with dry concentrate, and flash smelting requires that the materials entering the furnace need to be dry powder, the requirements on the components and stability of the materials are high, the adaptability to raw materials is poor, especially the requirements on the content of MgO in the materials are strict, the process flow is long, and the operation is complex.

The top-blown smelting (including two top-blown technologies of Ausmelt and ISA) belongs to a molten pool smelting process, and the process flow comprises the following steps: proportioning nickel concentrate, flux and the like, granulating, adding into a furnace by a furnace top movable feeder, top-blowing smelting, diluting by an electric furnace, and producing low-nickel matte and waste slag. The raw materials of the process need to be put into a furnace after being granulated, the granularity of the materials to be put into the furnace is required to be 5-25mm, the requirements on the components and the stability of the materials are wider than that of flash smelting, an electric furnace needs to be arranged outside the furnace for cleaning smelting slag, the process flow is long, and the energy consumption is high; meanwhile, top-blown smelting is single-gun operation, and air is stopped for heat preservation when a spray gun is replaced, so that the smelting operation rate is low, and the single-gun of the smelting spray gun is inserted into a slag layer, so that the service life is short. And the single-gun operation has large blast volume, strong stirring of a molten pool and large splashing, so the required hearth is high, the spray gun is long, the height of a workshop is increased along with the spray gun, and the investment is high.

The side-blown smelting also belongs to a molten bath smelting process, and the process flow comprises the following steps: proportioning nickel concentrate, flux and the like, feeding into a furnace by a furnace top movable feeder, side-blowing smelting, diluting by an electric furnace, and producing low-nickel matte and waste slag. The process requires the granularity of the material to be less than or equal to 25mm, and has wider requirements on the components and the stability of the material than flash smelting. The spray guns on both sides are buried in the slag layer, an accident air supply system is needed, and the spray guns on both sides need to be subjected to rapid plugging operation when an accident stops, so that the labor intensity of workers is high. The smelting slag is depleted by arranging an electric furnace outside the furnace, the process flow is long, and the energy consumption is high; the requirement on the fluctuation of the slag liquid level is high, and slag is generally continuously discharged; the smelting slag flows into the electric furnace through the launder for dilution, the heat dissipation of the launder leads to the increase of energy consumption, and secondary stirring is increased, thus being unfavorable for the settlement of slag and nickel matte.

Therefore, the existing nickel smelting process needs to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for top-blown nickel. The device overcomes the problem of poor adaptability of flash smelting raw materials, solves the problems of long process and high energy consumption of the existing molten pool smelting process, has strong emergency capacity to accidents, can realize continuous feeding and intermittent discharge, prolongs the retention time of smelting slag in a furnace body, and improves the depletion effect of the smelting slag.

In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides an apparatus for top blowing nickel, according to an embodiment of the invention, the apparatus comprising:

the furnace body consists of a side wall, an end wall, a furnace bottom and a furnace top, a partition wall extending into the furnace body is arranged in the middle of the furnace top, the furnace body is divided into a smelting area and a dilution area which are communicated by the partition wall, wherein,

a smelting material inlet, a spray gun port and a smelting smoke outlet are formed in the furnace top of the smelting zone, a secondary air port is formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the smelting zone, and a low-nickel matte outlet is formed in the end wall, close to the furnace bottom, of the smelting zone;

a depleted material inlet, an electrode hole and a depleted flue gas outlet are formed in the furnace top of the depleted zone, and a depleted slag outlet is formed in the upper part of the end wall of the depleted zone;

the spray gun extends into the smelting zone through the spray gun port;

an electrode extending into the depletion zone interior through the electrode aperture.

According to the top-blown nickel smelting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the smelting area and the depletion area are arranged in the furnace body of the device, nickel smelting is carried out by adopting the device, smelting slag generated in the smelting area can enter the depletion area through the partition wall, further reduction is carried out under the action of the second reducing agent, nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag are reduced, and the obtained depletion slag can be directly used as waste slag, namely smelting and slag depletion can be completed in one set of device, an independent electric furnace is not required to be arranged for depletion of the smelting slag, and launder transfer is not required, so that the problem of cooling of the smelting slag in the launder transfer process is avoided, the energy consumption is saved, the investment is reduced, the process flow is shortened, secondary stirring of the slag is also reduced, and the sedimentation separation of nickel matte is facilitated. Furthermore, the spray gun stretches into to the smelting area through the spray gun mouth of furnace roof for the spray gun can go up and down in order to adapt to the change of the internal liquid level of furnace in a flexible way, when production breaks down, only need with the spray gun carry out the furnace body can, do not need the operation of caulking, the simple operation. Therefore, the device not only overcomes the problem of poor adaptability of flash smelting raw materials, but also solves the problems of long process and high energy consumption of the existing molten pool smelting process, has strong emergency capacity to accidents, can realize continuous feeding and discontinuous discharge, prolongs the retention time of the smelting slag in the furnace body, and improves the depletion effect of the smelting slag.

In addition, the top-blown nickel apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:

in some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of said lance ports and a plurality of said lances are included.

In some embodiments of the invention, the lance extends into the smelting zone at a distance from the material within the smelting zone.

In some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of the lance ports are provided around the smelt material inlet.

In some embodiments of the invention, the lean flue gas outlet is connected to the overfire air port.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus for top-blowing nickel further comprises: the side-blowing spray gun comprises a plurality of side-blowing spray gun ports and a plurality of side-blowing spray guns, wherein the side-blowing spray gun ports are formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the dilution zone, and the side-blowing spray guns extend into the dilution zone through the side-blowing spray gun ports and are buried in materials in the dilution zone.

In some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of said electrode apertures and a plurality of said electrodes are included.

In some embodiments of the invention, the side walls and the end walls are of a water jacket-refractory brick construction.

In some embodiments of the invention, the furnace roof is a water jacket-cast structure.

In some embodiments of the invention, the hearth is of a steel plate-refractory brick construction.

In some embodiments of the invention, the partition and the low nickel matte outlet are of a copper water jacket structure.

In some embodiments of the invention, the lean material inlet is of a molten steel jacket construction.

In some embodiments of the invention, the furnace body is an electric heating square furnace body.

In still another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for top-blowing nickel using the above apparatus for top-blowing nickel, the method comprising, according to an embodiment of the present invention:

feeding nickel concentrate, a first reducing agent and a slag former from the smelting material inlet to the smelting zone, feeding first air to the smelting zone through the lance, the first air reacting with the nickel concentrate, the reducing agent and the slag former to obtain a first low nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas;

sending second air to the smelting zone through the secondary air port, wherein the second air reacts with the flue gas so as to obtain smelting flue gas;

the smelting slag enters the depletion area from the lower part of the partition wall, the electrode preserves the temperature of the smelting slag, a second reducing agent is sent to the depletion area through the depletion material inlet, and the smelting slag reacts with the second reducing agent so as to obtain second low nickel matte, depleted flue gas and depleted slag.

According to the method for top-blown nickel smelting provided by the embodiment of the invention, the smelting zone and the depletion zone are arranged in the furnace body of the device, nickel smelting is carried out by the device, the smelting slag generated in the smelting zone can enter the depletion zone through the partition wall, further reduction is carried out under the action of the second reducing agent, nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag are reduced, and the obtained depletion slag can be directly used as waste slag, namely smelting and slag depletion can be completed in one device, an independent electric furnace is not required to be arranged for depletion of the smelting slag, and launder transfer is not required, so that the problem of cooling of the smelting slag in a launder transfer process is avoided, energy consumption is saved, investment is reduced, the process flow is shortened, secondary stirring of the slag is also reduced, and sedimentation separation of nickel matte is facilitated. Furthermore, the spray gun stretches into to the smelting area through the spray gun mouth of furnace roof for the spray gun can go up and down in order to adapt to the change of the internal liquid level of furnace in a flexible way, when production breaks down, only need with the spray gun carry out the furnace body can, do not need the operation of caulking, the simple operation. Therefore, the method not only overcomes the problem of poor adaptability of flash smelting raw materials, but also solves the problems of long process flow and high energy consumption of the existing molten pool smelting process, has strong emergency capacity to accidents, can realize continuous feeding and intermittent discharge, prolongs the retention time of the smelting slag in the furnace body, and improves the depletion effect of the smelting slag.

In addition, the method for top-blown nickel according to the above embodiment of the invention may also have the following additional technical features:

in some embodiments of the invention, the depleted flue gas is returned to the smelting zone as the second air.

In some embodiments of the invention, the dilution zone is injected with an agitation gas through the side-blowing lance or the dilution zone is injected with the agitation gas and the second reducing agent through the side-blowing lance.

In some embodiments of the invention, the nickel concentrate comprises 1-15 wt% Ni, 0-10 wt% Cu, 0.001-1 wt% Co, 20-35 wt% S, 0-12 wt% MgO.

In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the first reductant is 10-35: 1, the mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the slagging constituent is 5-10: 1.

in some embodiments of the present invention, the melting temperature of the melting zone is 1180-1350 ℃.

In some embodiments of the invention, the first air has an oxygen concentration of 50-90% by volume.

In some embodiments of the invention, the nickel content of the slag is 0.4-0.6 wt%.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fuseFe and SiO in slag₂The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.8-1.3.

In some embodiments of the invention, the calcium oxide content of the smelting slag is 3-5 wt%.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the smelting flue gas is 1300-.

In some embodiments of the invention, the depletion temperature of the depletion zone is 1300-.

In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the smelting slag to the second reducing agent is 20-40: 1.

in some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the lean flue gas is 800-.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a top-blown nickel plant configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of an apparatus for top-blowing nickel in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the structure of a top-blown nickel apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a process for top blowing nickel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a process for top-blowing nickel in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides an apparatus for top blowing nickel, according to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 1 and 2, comprising: furnace body 100, lance 200 and electrode 300.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the furnace body 100 is composed of side walls 110, end walls 120, a furnace bottom 130 and a furnace top 140, and specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 2, includes front and rear two side walls 110, left and right two end walls 120, a furnace bottom 130 and a furnace top 140, preferably, the furnace body 100 is an electric heating square furnace body, and further preferably, the furnace body 100 is an electric heating square narrow and long furnace body. The inventor finds that the furnace body has few low-temperature dead corners, the bonding of MgO on the furnace wall is reduced, and the furnace body has strong adaptability to high-MgO raw materials. It should be noted that the material structures of the side walls 110, the end walls 120, the bottom 130 and the roof 140 in the furnace body 100 are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the material structures according to the actual needs, for example, the side walls 110 and the end walls 120 can be of a water jacket-refractory brick structure, the bottom 130 can be of a steel plate-refractory brick structure, and the roof 140 can be of a water jacket-casting material structure. The partition wall 11 extending into the furnace body 100 is provided in the middle of the furnace top 140, and the material structure of the partition wall 11 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a copper water jacket structure. The partition wall 11 divides the furnace body 100 into a smelting zone 12 and a depletion zone 13 which are communicated, namely, the smelting zone is composed of a part of the front side wall 110, the partition wall 11, a part of the rear side wall 110, an end wall 120, a part of the furnace bottom 130 and a part of the furnace top 140, and the depletion zone is composed of the rest part of the front side wall 110, the partition wall 11, the rest part of the rear side wall 110, the end wall 120, the rest part of the furnace bottom 130 and the rest part of the furnace top 140. The inventor finds that a smelting area and a depletion area are arranged in a furnace body of the device, the device is used for nickel smelting, smelting slag generated in the smelting area can enter the depletion area through a partition wall, the smelting slag is further reduced under the action of a second reducing agent, nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag are reduced, the obtained depletion slag can be directly used as waste slag, namely smelting and slag depletion can be completed in one set of device, an independent electric furnace is not required to be arranged for depletion of the smelting slag, and a launder is not required to be used for transferring, so that the problem of cooling of the smelting slag in the launder transferring process is avoided, the energy consumption is saved, the investment is reduced, the process flow is shortened, secondary stirring of the slag is reduced, and the sedimentation separation of first low nickel matte and second low nickel matte is facilitated.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a smelting material inlet 141, a lance port 142 and a smelting flue gas outlet 143 are provided in the roof 140 of the smelting zone 12 and are adapted to feed smelting material (including nickel concentrate, first reductant and slag former) into the smelting zone 12 through the smelting material inlet 141, and the lance 200 projects into the interior of the smelting zone 12 through the lance port 142 and smelting flue gas exits the vessel 100 through the smelting flue gas outlet 143. In particular, the smelting material inlet 141 and the lance ports 142 are provided at different locations in the roof 140 of the smelting zone 12, and preferably comprise a plurality of lance ports 142, whereby a furnace body can be provided with a plurality of lances 200. It should be noted that the specific number and specification of the spray guns are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the spray guns according to actual needs, for example, according to the production scale. The inventor finds that the influence on the operation rate of the device when a single spray gun is used for smelting and changing the spray gun can be avoided by adopting multi-spray gun top-blown smelting, and the operation rate of the device is improved; meanwhile, because a plurality of spray guns are adopted for blowing and smelting, the air supply quantity of a single spray gun is small, the splashing phenomenon of a molten pool can be obviously weakened, the height of a furnace body can be further reduced, and the investment is saved; furthermore, each spray gun can be independently controlled, and the air flow can be independently adjusted, so that the best mass and heat transfer effect can be realized, and the damage to the lining of the furnace body is reduced; furthermore, the spray gun stretches into to the smelting area through the spray gun mouth of furnace roof for the spray gun can go up and down in order to adapt to the change of the internal liquid level of furnace in a flexible way, when production breaks down, only need with the spray gun carry out the furnace body can, do not need the operation of caulking, the simple operation. Further, a plurality of smelting material inlets 141 can be included, so that the time for charging materials into the furnace can be saved, and the residence time of the smelting slag in the furnace body can be prolonged. It should be noted that the positional relationship between the plurality of lance ports 142 and the plurality of smelting material inlets 141 is not particularly limited, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, for example, the plurality of lance ports 142 may be arranged around the plurality of smelting material inlets 141 as shown in fig. 1. The inventor finds that the contact area of the material and the first air can be obviously improved by adopting the arrangement, so that the reaction rate of the material and the first air is improved, the nickel smelting efficiency of the device is improved, meanwhile, the smelting material can directly enter the furnace after being proportioned, and the adaptability of the device to the material is obviously improved. Further, the specific location at which lance 200 projects into the interior of melting zone 12 is not particularly limited, for example lance 200 may be spaced from the material in melting zone 12 or may be inserted into the material in melting zone 12.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the secondary air ports 111 are provided at the upper portion of the side wall 110 of the smelting zone 12, and preferably, a plurality of secondary air ports 111 are provided at the upper portion of the side wall 110 of the smelting zone 12. It should be noted that the specific number of the secondary air ports 111 is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the number according to actual needs. The inventor finds that supplying second air, such as air or oxygen-enriched air, to the smelting zone 12 through the secondary air port 111 makes carbon monoxide in the flue gas generated by smelting the nickel concentrate burn to form carbon dioxide, which is beneficial to reducing the treatment difficulty of the smelting flue gas in the subsequent flue gas treatment unit. Further, the amount of the second air supplied to the secondary air port 111 cannot be too high or too low, and too high may cause SO in the flue gas₂Conversion to SO₃Resulting in increased waste acid treatment and too low a level that may result in incomplete combustion of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the end wall 120 of the smelting zone 12 near the furnace bottom 130 is provided with a low nickel matte outlet 121 and is adapted to discharge the first low nickel matte smelted from the nickel concentrate in the smelting zone 12. The inventor finds that after the nickel concentrate is smelted in the smelting zone 12, a first low-nickel matte and smelting slag are obtained, and the first low-nickel matte is layered with the smelting slag, the upper layer is the smelting slag, and the lower layer is the first low-nickel matte, so that the first low-nickel matte can be discharged along the low-nickel matte outlet 121. Further, the first low nickel matte has a total content of Ni and Cu of 25 to 50 wt%, an S content of 20 to 35 wt%, a Co content of 0 to 1.5 wt%, and an Fe content of 28 to 45 wt%. Therefore, the recovery rate of the smelting nickel of the nickel concentrate by adopting the device is up to more than 96%, and the technical effect is obvious. It should be noted that the material structure of the low nickel matte outlet is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the material structure according to actual needs, for example, the material structure may be a copper water jacket structure.

Specifically, in the smelting zone, nickel concentrate, a first reducing agent and a slag former are sent to the smelting zone 12 from a smelting material inlet 141, first air is sent to the smelting zone 12 through a spray gun 200, the first air reacts with the nickel concentrate, the reducing agent and the slag former to obtain first low-nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas, and the first low-nickel matte is discharged from a low-nickel matte outlet 121; the second air is sent to the smelting zone 12 through the secondary air port 111, the second air reacts with the flue gas, carbon monoxide in the flue gas is combusted and changed into carbon dioxide, smelting flue gas is obtained, and the smelting flue gas is discharged through a smelting flue gas outlet 143. It should be noted that, because the production is continuous, the feeding and discharging of the above materials are not in a strict sequence in the actual production process, and those skilled in the art can select the materials according to actual needs.

According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the specific composition of the nickel concentrate is not particularly limited and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and may include, for example, 1-15 wt% Ni, 0-10 wt% Cu, 0.001-1 wt% Co, 20-35 wt% S, 0-12 wt% MgO. The specific category of the first reducing agent is also not particularly limited, and may be at least one of lump coal, blue coal, anthracite, and coke, for example. The specific type of the slag former is also not particularly limited, and may be at least one of quartz stone and limestone, for example. The mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the first reducing agent and the slagging agent is not particularly limited, and for example, the mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the first reducing agent may be 10 to 35: specifically, for example, 10/15/20/25/30/35: 1, the mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the slagging agent can be 5-10: 1, for example, 5/6/7/8/9/10: 1. the inventors have found that if the ratio of nickel concentrate to first reductant is too high, the operating temperature is not sufficient and the slag contains high nickel; if the ratio of the nickel concentrate to the first reducing agent is too low, the coal blending amount is large, the flue gas temperature is high, and the energy consumption is high; too high or too low a mass ratio of nickel concentrate to slag former will result in deviation of slag form, resulting in increased operating temperature and increased nickel content in the slag. The melting temperature of the melting zone is also not particularly limited, and may be 1180-1350 ℃. The inventor finds that the smelting temperature is too low, the slag viscosity is increased, the discharge is difficult, and the nickel content in the slag is increased; the smelting temperature is too high, the energy consumption is high, and the service life of the furnace body is short. The volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the first air is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 50 to 90%. The inventor finds that if the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the first air is too low, the flue gas amount is large, a subsequent flue gas treatment system is large, the investment is high, the heat brought out by the flue gas is large, and the energy consumption is high; and if the volume percentage concentration of the oxygen in the first air is too high, the difficulty of production operation control is increased, and the service life of the spray gun is short. Further, the temperature of the smelting flue gas is 1300-1350 ℃.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the top 140 of the depletion zone 13 is provided with a depletion material inlet 144, an electrode aperture 145 and a depletion flue gas outlet 146, and is adapted to feed a second reducing agent into the depletion zone through said depletion material inlet 144, insert an electrode 300 into the depletion zone 13 through the electrode aperture 145, and discharge the depletion flue gas produced in the depletion zone 13 from the depletion flue gas outlet 146. It should be noted that the specific type of the electrode is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a graphite electrode. The specific material structure of the lean material inlet is not particularly limited, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, for example, a molten steel jacket structure. Further, a plurality of lean material inlets 144 and a plurality of electrode apertures 145 are included, with the plurality of lean material inlets 144 and the plurality of electrode apertures 145 being spaced apart, as shown in fig. 1. It should be noted that the specific number and size of the electrodes are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the electrodes according to actual needs, for example, according to the production scale. The inventor finds that the second reducing agent fed into the depletion region 13 from the plurality of depletion material inlets 144 and the smelting slag entering the depletion region 13 from the lower part of the partition wall 11 undergo a reduction reaction in the depletion region 13, the second reducing agent reduces nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag, the electrode 300 is inserted into the depletion region 13 from the electrode hole 145 to preserve the temperature of the smelting slag, and the temperature of the depletion region 13 is further maintained to be stable in a range, and by arranging the plurality of depletion material inlets 144 and the plurality of electrode holes 145, and arranging the plurality of depletion material inlets 144 and the plurality of electrode holes 145 at intervals, the effects of preserving the temperature of the electrode 300 on the smelting slag are enhanced, the temperature of the depletion region 13 is further stabilized, the contact area of the second reducing agent and the smelting slag is increased, and the reduction reaction rate of the second reducing agent and the smelting slag is further increased. Further, the lean flue gas outlet 146 may be connected to the secondary tuyere 111 to send the lean flue gas generated in the lean zone 13 to the smelting zone 12 to remove carbon monoxide in the lean flue gas, so that the flue gas generated by the whole top-blown nickel smelting device is substantially free of toxic gas carbon monoxide, thereby simplifying subsequent treatment processes of the flue gas. It should be noted that the lean flue gas may also be directly sent out to a subsequent flue gas treatment process.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the end wall 120 of the depletion zone 13 is provided with a depleted slag outlet 122 at an upper portion thereof and is adapted to discharge depleted slag from the depleted slag outlet 122. The inventors have found that the smelting slag in the upper layer flows from the lower part of the partition wall 11 to the depletion zone 13 and is further reduced in the depletion zone 13 to obtain depleted slag and a second low nickel matte, and that the depleted slag is similarly layered with the second low nickel matte, the depleted slag is in the upper layer and can be discharged from a depleted slag outlet 122 arranged in the upper part of the end wall 120, and the second low nickel matte is in the lower layer and can flow from the lower part of the partition wall 11 to the smelting zone 12 and can be discharged from a low nickel matte outlet 121.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the above apparatus for top-blowing nickel further comprises: a plurality of side-blow ports 112 and a plurality of side-blow lances (not shown), the plurality of side-blow ports 112 being provided in an upper portion of the side wall 110 of the depletion zone 13, and the side-blow lances extending through the side-blow ports 112 into the interior of the depletion zone 13 and being embedded in the material in the depletion zone 13 and being adapted to inject the blending gas into the depletion zone 13 through the side-blow lances or to inject the blending gas and the second reductant into the depletion zone 13 through the side-blow lances. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the slag in the depletion zone can be further improved.

Specifically, the upper layer of smelting slag flows into the depletion area 13 from the lower part of the partition wall 11, the electrodes 300 preserve the temperature of the smelting slag in the depletion area 13 while assisting the depletion area to maintain the temperature in the depletion area 13 stable, the second reducing agent enters the depletion area 13 from the depletion material inlet 144, the smelting slag and the second reducing agent undergo a reduction reaction in the depletion area 13, and if necessary, stirring gas can be injected from a side-blowing spray gun, or the second reducing agent and the stirring gas can be injected from the side-blowing spray gun to accelerate the reaction rate of the smelting slag and the second reducing agent, so that the depleted slag, the second nickel matte and the depleted flue gas are obtained. Wherein the lean slag and the second low-nickel matte are layered, the upper layer is the lean slag, and the lower layer is the second low-nickel matte. The depleted slag is discharged from the depleted slag outlet 122; the lean flue gas is discharged from the lean flue gas outlet 146 and enters a subsequent flue gas treatment process, or the lean flue gas can be firstly used as second air to be sent to the smelting zone 12 for removing carbon monoxide and then discharged from the smelting flue gas outlet 143; the second low nickel matte flows from the lower part of the partition wall 11 to the smelting zone and is discharged from the low nickel matte outlet 121.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the content of nickel in the slag is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.4 to 0.6 wt%, and may be, for example, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%. The inventor finds that if the smelting slag contains low nickel, a large amount of first reducing agent needs to be added into a smelting zone, and a strong reducing atmosphere is kept, so that sulfide is not oxidized, and the first low-nickel matte grade is low; if the nickel content of the smelting slag is higher, more second reducing agents are needed to be added into the depletion area for reduction, and the nickel content of the depletion slag is higher. Further, Fe and SiO in the smelting slag₂The mass ratio of (b) is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.8 to 1.3, and may be, for example, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3. The inventors found that Fe and SiO₂The mass ratio of (a) is related to the content of CaO and MgO in the raw materials, and the final purpose of the value is to ensure that the melting point of the smelting slag is controlled within a relatively wide and low temperature range. If the contents of CaO and MgO in the smelting slag are high, Fe/SiO₂Low content of CaO and MgO in the smelting slag, Fe/SiO₂Higher. Further, meltingThe content of calcium oxide in the slag is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 3 to 5 wt%, for example, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5 wt%. The inventors have found that the CaO content has an influence on the melting point of the slag, and that too high or too low results in an increase of the melting point of the slag. Further, the depletion temperature of the depletion zone is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 1300-. The inventor finds that the depletion temperature influences the nickel content of the depletion slag, the depletion temperature is high, the nickel content of the depletion slag is reduced, but the depletion temperature is too high, and the energy consumption is high; the depletion temperature is too low, and the nickel content in the slag is higher. Further, the specific type of the second reducing agent is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, coke or semi coke. Further, the mass ratio of the melting slag to the second reducing agent is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 20 to 40: 1, for example, 20/25/30/35/40: 1. the inventor finds that the ratio is too high, the addition amount of the reducing agent is low, nickel oxide and magnetic iron in the smelting slag cannot be effectively reduced, and the nickel content of depleted slag is high; the ratio is too low, a large amount of reducing agent is added, the utilization rate of the reducing agent is low, the concentration of CO in the flue gas is high, a large amount of air needs to be blown in for secondary combustion, the flue gas quantity is high, and the investment of a flue gas treatment system is increased. Further, the specific type of the stirring gas is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, nitrogen or natural gas. Further, the temperature of the lean flue gas may be 800-1000 degrees celsius. Further, the second low nickel matte has a total content of Ni and Cu of 25 to 50 wt%, an S content of 20 to 35 wt%, a Co content of 0 to 1.5 wt%, and an Fe content of 28 to 45 wt%. Therefore, the recovery rate of the smelting nickel of the nickel concentrate by adopting the device is up to more than 96 percent, and the effect is remarkable. Furthermore, the content of nickel in the depleted slag is 0.2-0.3 wt%. That is, by further reducing and diluting the slag, nickel in the slag can be further recovered, and the recovery rate of nickel can be improved.

According to the top-blown nickel smelting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the smelting area and the depletion area are arranged in the furnace body of the device, nickel smelting is carried out by adopting the device, smelting slag generated in the smelting area can enter the depletion area through the partition wall, further reduction is carried out under the action of the second reducing agent, nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag are reduced, and the obtained depletion slag can be directly used as waste slag, namely smelting and slag depletion can be completed in one set of device, an independent electric furnace is not required to be arranged for depletion of the smelting slag, and launder transfer is not required, so that the problem of cooling of the smelting slag in the launder transfer process is avoided, the energy consumption is saved, the investment is reduced, the process flow is shortened, secondary stirring of the slag is also reduced, and the sedimentation separation of nickel matte is facilitated. Furthermore, the spray gun stretches into to the smelting area through the spray gun mouth of furnace roof for the spray gun can go up and down in order to adapt to the change of the internal liquid level of furnace in a flexible way, when production breaks down, only need with the spray gun carry out the furnace body can, do not need the operation of caulking, the simple operation. Therefore, the device not only overcomes the problem of poor adaptability of flash smelting raw materials, but also solves the problems of long process and high energy consumption of the existing molten pool smelting process, has strong emergency capacity to accidents, can realize continuous feeding and discontinuous discharge, prolongs the retention time of the smelting slag in the furnace body, and improves the depletion effect of the smelting slag.

In a further aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for top-blowing nickel by using the above apparatus for top-blowing nickel, which comprises the following steps according to an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to fig. 4:

s100: nickel concentrate, a first reducing agent and a slag former are sent to a smelting zone from a smelting material inlet, and first air is sent to the smelting zone through a spray gun

In the step, nickel concentrate, a first reducing agent and a slagging agent are sent to a smelting zone from a smelting material inlet, first air is sent to the smelting zone through a spray gun, the first air reacts with the nickel concentrate, the reducing agent and the slagging agent to obtain first low-nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas, and the first low-nickel matte is discharged from a low-nickel matte outlet. The inventors have found that during smelting reactions such as decomposition of nickel concentrate, oxidation of sulphides, slagging, reduction occur, e.g. 4CuFeS₂＝2Cu₂S+4FeS+S₂(g)，2FeS₂＝2FeS+S₂(g)，2FeO+SiO₂＝2FeO·SiO₂，Fe₃O₄+ C is 3FeO + CO (g).

Furthermore, because the method has less low-temperature dead angles in the furnace body, the bonding of MgO on the furnace wall can be reduced, and the furnace body adopting the type has strong adaptability to high-MgO raw materials. Furthermore, the method comprises two steps of smelting and dilution, and the nickel smelting is carried out by adopting the method, the smelting slag can be directly diluted, namely, the smelting slag is further reduced under the action of a second reducing agent, nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag are reduced, the obtained diluted slag can be directly used as waste slag, namely, the smelting and the dilution of the slag can be finished in one set of device, a separate electric furnace is not required to be arranged for dilution of the smelting slag, and launder transfer is not required, so that the problem of cooling the smelting slag in the launder transfer process is avoided, the energy consumption is saved, the investment is reduced, the process flow is shortened, the secondary stirring of the slag is also reduced, and the sedimentation separation of the first low nickel matte and the second low nickel matte is facilitated.

Furthermore, the method is obtained by adopting the top-blown smelting of multiple spray guns, so that the influence on the operation rate of the device when the spray guns are changed by smelting of a single spray gun can be avoided, and the operation rate of the device is improved; meanwhile, because a plurality of spray guns are adopted for blowing and smelting, the air supply quantity of a single spray gun is small, the splashing phenomenon of a molten pool can be obviously weakened, the height of a furnace body can be further reduced, and the investment is saved; furthermore, each spray gun can be independently controlled, and the air flow can be independently adjusted, so that the best mass and heat transfer effect can be realized, and the damage to the lining of the furnace body is reduced; furthermore, the spray gun stretches into to the smelting area through the spray gun mouth of furnace roof for the spray gun can go up and down in order to adapt to the change of the internal liquid level of furnace in a flexible way, when production breaks down, only need with the spray gun carry out the furnace body can, do not need the operation of caulking, the simple operation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the specific composition of the nickel concentrate is not particularly limited, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and may include, for example, 1-15 wt% Ni, 0-10 wt% Cu, 0.001-1 wt% Co, 20-35 wt% S, 0-12 wt% MgO. The specific category of the first reducing agent is also not particularly limited, and may be at least one of lump coal, anthracite, semi-coke, and coke, for example. The specific type of the slag former is also not particularly limited, and may be at least one of quartz stone and limestone, for example. Mass ratio of nickel concentrate to first reducing agent and slagging agentAlso not particularly limited, for example, the mass ratio of nickel concentrate to first reducing agent may be 10 to 35: specifically, for example, 10/15/20/25/30/35: 1, the mass ratio of the nickel concentrate to the slagging agent can be 5-10: 1, for example, 5/6/7/8/9/10: 1. the inventors have found that if the ratio of nickel concentrate to first reductant is too high, the operating temperature is not sufficient and the slag contains high nickel; if the ratio of the nickel concentrate to the first reducing agent is too low, the coal blending amount is large, the flue gas temperature is high, and the energy consumption is high; too high or too low a mass ratio of nickel concentrate to slag former will result in deviation of slag form, resulting in increased operating temperature and increased nickel content in the slag. The melting temperature of the melting zone is also not particularly limited, and may be 1180-1350 ℃. The inventor finds that the smelting temperature is too low, the slag viscosity is increased, the discharge is difficult, and the nickel content in the slag is increased; the smelting temperature is too high, the energy consumption is high, and the service life of the furnace body is short. The volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the first air is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 50 to 90%. The inventor finds that if the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the first air is too low, the flue gas amount is large, a subsequent flue gas treatment system is large, the investment is high, the heat brought out by the flue gas is large, and the energy consumption is high; and if the volume percentage concentration of the oxygen in the first air is too high, the difficulty of production operation control is increased, and the service life of the spray gun is short. Further, the first low nickel matte has a total content of Ni and Cu of 25 to 50 wt%, an S content of 20 to 35 wt%, a Co content of 0 to 1.5 wt%, and an Fe content of 28 to 45 wt%. Therefore, the recovery rate of the smelting nickel of the nickel concentrate by adopting the method is up to more than 96%, and the technical effect is obvious. Further, the content of nickel in the slag is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.4 to 0.6 wt%, and may be, for example, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%. The inventor finds that if the smelting slag contains low nickel, a large amount of first reducing agent needs to be added into a smelting zone, and a strong reducing atmosphere is kept, so that sulfide is not oxidized, and the first low-nickel matte grade is low; if the nickel content of the smelting slag is higher, more second reducing agents are needed to be added into the depletion area for reduction, and the nickel content of the depletion slag is higher. Further, Fe and SiO in the smelting slag₂The mass ratio of (b) is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.8 to 1.3, and may be, for example, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3. The inventors found that Fe and SiO₂Mass ratio ofThe content of CaO and MgO in the raw materials is related, and the final purpose of the value is to ensure that the melting point of the smelting slag is controlled within a relatively wide range with low temperature. If the contents of CaO and MgO in the smelting slag are high, Fe/SiO₂Low content of CaO and MgO in the smelting slag, Fe/SiO₂Higher. Further, the content of calcium oxide in the slag is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 3 to 5 wt%, and may be, for example, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5 wt%. The inventors have found that the CaO content has an influence on the melting point of the slag, and that too high or too low results in an increase of the melting point of the slag.

S200: sending the second air to the smelting zone through a secondary air port, and reacting the second air with the flue gas

In the step, second air is sent to a smelting zone through a secondary air port, the second air reacts with the flue gas so as to obtain smelting flue gas, and the smelting flue gas is discharged through a smelting flue gas outlet. The inventor finds that the method supplies second air, such as air or oxygen-enriched air, to the smelting zone through the secondary air port, so that carbon monoxide in the smoke generated by smelting the nickel concentrate is combusted to form carbon dioxide, and the treatment difficulty of the smelting smoke in a subsequent smoke treatment unit is favorably reduced. Furthermore, the air quantity of the secondary air sent to the secondary air inlet cannot be too high or too low, the too high air quantity can cause splashing of a molten pool, and the too low air quantity can cause incomplete combustion of carbon monoxide in the flue gas. Further, the temperature of the smelting flue gas can be 1300-1400 ℃.

S300: the smelting slag enters a depletion area from the lower part of the partition wall, the electrode preserves the temperature of the smelting slag, a second reducing agent is sent to the depletion area through a depletion material inlet, and the smelting slag reacts with the second reducing agent

In the step, the smelting slag enters a dilution zone from the lower part of the partition wall, the electrode preserves the temperature of the smelting slag, a second reducing agent is sent to the dilution zone through a dilution material inlet, the smelting slag reacts with the second reducing agent to obtain second low-nickel matte, dilution flue gas and dilution slag, the dilution slag is discharged through a dilution slag outlet, the dilution flue gas is discharged through a dilution flue gas outlet, and the second low-nickel matte is discharged through a low-nickel matte outlet. The inventors have found that nickel oxide, iron oxide and magnet during the depletion processReduction reactions between iron species, e.g. NiO + C-Ni + CO (g), FeO + C-Fe + CO (g), Fe₃O₄+ C ═ 3FeO + co (g). Furthermore, a second reducing agent and the smelting slag are subjected to reduction reaction in the depletion area, the second reducing agent reduces nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag, and the electrodes can preserve the temperature of the smelting slag and further maintain the temperature of the depletion area to be stable in a range.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the lean flue gas can be used as the second air of the smelting zone to remove carbon monoxide in the lean flue gas, so that the flue gas produced by the whole method is substantially free of toxic gas carbon monoxide, and the subsequent treatment process of the flue gas is simplified. It should be noted that the lean flue gas may also be directly sent out to a subsequent flue gas treatment process.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the depletion temperature of the depletion zone is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 1300-1450 degrees celsius, such as 1300 degrees celsius, 1350 degrees celsius, 1400 degrees celsius, 1450 degrees celsius. The inventor finds that the depletion temperature influences the nickel content of the depletion slag, the depletion temperature is high, the nickel content of the depletion slag is reduced, but the depletion temperature is too high, and the energy consumption is high; the depletion temperature is too low, and the nickel content in the slag is higher. Further, the specific type of the second reducing agent is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, coke or semi coke. Further, the mass ratio of the melting slag to the second reducing agent is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 20 to 40: 1, for example, 20/25/30/35/40: 1. the inventor finds that the ratio is too high, the addition amount of the reducing agent is low, nickel oxide and magnetic iron in the smelting slag cannot be effectively reduced, and the nickel content of depleted slag is high; the ratio is too low, a large amount of reducing agent is added, the utilization rate of the reducing agent is low, the concentration of CO in the flue gas is high, a large amount of air needs to be blown in for secondary combustion, the flue gas quantity is high, and the investment of a flue gas treatment system is increased. Further, the specific type of the stirring gas is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, nitrogen or natural gas. Further, the temperature of the lean flue gas may be 800-1000 degrees celsius. Further, the second matte includes a second matte in which the total content of Ni and Cu is 25 to 50 wt%, the content of S is 20 to 35 wt%, the content of Co is 0 to 1.5 wt%, and the content of Fe is 28 to 45 wt%. Therefore, the recovery rate of the smelting nickel of the nickel concentrate by adopting the device is up to more than 96 percent, and the effect is obvious.

Note that the above reference numerals S100, S200, and S300 do not necessarily represent the order of the method.

According to the method for top-blown nickel smelting provided by the embodiment of the invention, the smelting zone and the depletion zone are arranged in the furnace body of the device, nickel smelting is carried out by the device, the smelting slag generated in the smelting zone can enter the depletion zone through the partition wall, further reduction is carried out under the action of the second reducing agent, nickel oxide and part of magnetic iron in the smelting slag are reduced, and the obtained depletion slag can be directly used as waste slag, namely smelting and slag depletion can be completed in one device, an independent electric furnace is not required to be arranged for depletion of the smelting slag, and launder transfer is not required, so that the problem of cooling of the smelting slag in a launder transfer process is avoided, energy consumption is saved, investment is reduced, the process flow is shortened, secondary stirring of the slag is also reduced, and sedimentation separation of nickel matte is facilitated. Furthermore, the spray gun stretches into to the smelting area through the spray gun mouth of furnace roof for the spray gun can go up and down in order to adapt to the change of the internal liquid level of furnace in a flexible way, when production breaks down, only need with the spray gun carry out the furnace body can, do not need the operation of caulking, the simple operation. Therefore, the method not only overcomes the problem of poor adaptability of flash smelting raw materials, but also solves the problems of long process flow and high energy consumption of the existing molten pool smelting process, has strong emergency capacity to accidents, can realize continuous feeding and intermittent discharge, prolongs the retention time of the smelting slag in the furnace body, and improves the depletion effect of the smelting slag.

It should be noted that the characteristics and advantages of the above-mentioned top-blown nickel apparatus are also applicable to the method, and are not described again.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.