Optical device with colored reflector layer
阅读说明:本技术 具有有色的反射体层的光学器件 (Optical device with colored reflector layer ) 是由 雅罗斯拉夫·齐巴 约翰尼斯·P·赛德尔 梁康宁 于 2019-07-01 设计创作,主要内容包括:提供了具有有色的反射体层的光学器件。光学器件包括:有色的反射体层,所述有色的反射体层具有第一表面、与第一表面相对的第二表面、和第三表面;以及选择性光调制剂层,所述选择性光调制剂层在有色的反射体层的第一表面的外部。还公开了制造光学器件的方法。(An optical device having a colored reflector layer is provided. The optical device includes: a colored reflector layer having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface; and a selective light modulator layer outside the first surface of the colored reflector layer. Methods of making the optical device are also disclosed.)
1. An optical device, comprising:
a colored reflector layer having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface; and a third surface; and
a selective light modulator layer outside of the first surface of the colored reflector layer.
2. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a non-ferrous metal, a non-ferrous metal alloy, a non-ferrous metal, and a metal chemically converted to a non-ferrous compound.
3. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the colored reflector layer is a colored metal selected from the group consisting of copper, gold, and bronze.
4. The optical device of claim 2, wherein the metal chemically converted to a colored compound comprises aluminum and stainless steel.
5. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a colored non-metal.
6. The optical device of claim 5, wherein the colored non-metal comprises an organic material.
7. The optical device of claim 6, wherein the organic material comprises polyacetylene.
8. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the colored reflector layer does not comprise aluminum or a white material.
9. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the colored reflector layer is a first color and the selective light modulator layer is a second color different from the first color.
10. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the colored reflector layer is a first color and the selective light modulator layer is a second color that is the same as the first color.
11. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the selective light modulator layer is a first selective light modulator layer; and the optical device further comprises a second selective light modulator layer external to the second surface of the colored reflector layer.
12. A method of manufacturing an optical device, comprising:
depositing a colored reflector layer on a substrate; and
a selective light modulator layer is deposited onto the colored reflector layer using a liquid coating process.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the selective light modulator layer is a first selective light modulator layer, and the method further comprises depositing a second selective light modulator layer between the substrate and the colored reflector layer.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the colored reflector layer is not subjected to passivation.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the colored reflector layer improves color properties of the selective light modulator layer.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the colored reflector layer controls gas treatment.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the colored reflector layer is deposited using a physical vapor deposition process.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a non-ferrous metal, a non-ferrous metal alloy, a non-ferrous metal, and a metal that is chemically converted to a non-ferrous compound.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the colored reflector layer is a colored metal selected from the group consisting of copper, gold, and bronze.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the metal that is chemically converted to a colored compound comprises aluminum and stainless steel.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a colored non-metal comprising an organic material.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the organic material comprises polyacetylene.
Technical Field
The present disclosure generally relates to articles, such as optics, in the form of foils (foils), sheets, and/or foils (flakes). The optical device may include: a colored reflector layer having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface; and a selective light modulator layer (selective light modulator layer) outside the first surface of the colored reflector layer. The optical device may further include: a reflector layer having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, a third surface, and a fourth surface opposite the third surface; and a first selective light modulator layer outside the first surface of the reflector layer; wherein at least one of the third surface and the fourth surface comprises an azimuthal modulator layer. Methods of making the optical device are also disclosed.
Background
The optical properties of the pigment are based on the components present in the pigment. For example, a "white" reflector layer, such as one made from aluminum, will provide limited color space properties for the pigment. In addition, the use of aluminum reflector layers may require the addition of corrosion protection mechanisms, such as passivation, to eliminate the risk of water-induced corrosion of aluminum. Corrosion can lead to loss of reflector function and formation of hydrogen. Both of these problems can be detrimental to the pigment and can limit its use. In addition, the use of "white" reflector layers can limit the ability of the pigment to produce a color flop (color flop) effect and/or a color shifting (coloring) effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In one aspect, an optical device is disclosed, the optical device comprising: a colored reflector layer having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface; and a selective light modulator layer outside the first surface of the colored reflector layer.
In another aspect, a method for fabricating an optical device is disclosed, the method comprising: depositing a colored reflector layer on a substrate; and depositing a selective light modulator layer on the colored reflector layer using a liquid coating process.
The present disclosure also provides the following items:
1) an optical device, comprising:
a colored reflector layer having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface; and a third surface; and
a selective light modulator layer outside of the first surface of the colored reflector layer.
2) The optical device of item 1), wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a colored metal, a colored metal alloy, a colored nonmetal, and a metal chemically converted to a colored compound.
3) The optical device of item 1), wherein the colored reflector layer is a colored metal selected from the group consisting of copper, gold, and bronze.
4) The optical device of item 2), wherein the metal chemically converted to a colored compound comprises aluminum and stainless steel.
5) The optical device of item 1), wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a colored non-metal.
6) The optical device of item 5), wherein the colored non-metal comprises an organic material.
7) The optical device of clause 6), wherein the organic material comprises polyacetylene.
8) The optical device of item 1), wherein the colored reflector layer does not comprise aluminum or a white material.
9) The optical device of item 1), wherein the colored reflector layer is a first color and the selective light modulator layer is a second color different from the first color.
10) The optical device of item 1), wherein the colored reflector layer is a first color and the selective light modulator layer is a second color that is the same as the first color.
11) The optical device of item 1), wherein the selective light modulator layer is a first selective light modulator layer; and the optical device further comprises a second selective light modulator layer external to the second surface of the colored reflector layer.
12) A method of manufacturing an optical device, comprising:
depositing a colored reflector layer on a substrate; and
a selective light modulator layer is deposited onto the colored reflector layer using a liquid coating process.
13) The method of item 12), wherein the selective light modulator layer is a first selective light modulator layer, and the method further comprises depositing a second selective light modulator layer between the substrate and the colored reflector layer.
14) The method of clause 12), wherein the colored reflector layer is not subjected to passivation.
15) The method of item 12), wherein the colored reflector layer improves a color property of the selective light modulator layer.
16) The method of item 12), wherein the colored reflector layer controls gas treatment.
17) The method of item 12), wherein the colored reflector layer is deposited using a physical vapor deposition process.
18) The method of item 12), wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a colored metal, a colored metal alloy, a colored nonmetal, and a metal chemically converted to a colored compound.
19) The method of item 12), wherein the colored reflector layer is a colored metal selected from the group consisting of copper, gold, and bronze.
20) The method of clause 18), wherein the metal that is chemically converted to a colored compound comprises aluminum and stainless steel.
21) The method of item 12), wherein the colored reflector layer comprises a colored non-metal comprising an organic material.
22) The method of clause 21), wherein the organic material comprises polyacetylene.
Additional features and advantages of various embodiments will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of various embodiments. The objectives and other advantages of the various embodiments will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the description herein.
Drawings
The present disclosure, in its several aspects and embodiments, can be more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to aspects of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another aspect of the present disclosure; and
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid coating process showing deposition of a layer, such as an SLML layer, according to an example of the present disclosure.
Like reference numerals identify like elements throughout the specification and drawings.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are intended to provide an explanation of various embodiments of the present teachings. In its wide and varied embodiments, disclosed herein are articles such as optical devices, for example, in the form of foils, sheets, and sheets; and a method of manufacturing an article. In one example, articles including optical devices such as pigments, optical taggants (optical taggants) and optical security devices can be manufactured with simplified construction. The optical devices disclosed herein may exhibit at least one property including, but not limited to, reduced degradation of the reflector layer, reduced hydrogen formation on the reflector layer, and improved color attributes.
As shown in fig. 1, an
In one aspect, the
Although the figures illustrate the
As illustrated in fig. 1, an
The
In one aspect, the
The reactants may be in any state, such as a plasma state, a gas state, a solid state, or a liquid state, or a combination thereof. The reactant may include any chemical or physical factor capable of causing a reaction with at least a portion of the colorless or white metal in a controlled manner. In one example, water and solvent based environments may be used as reactants. In some examples, the conversion process may include the use of various types of chemical reactants, including batch and continuous stirred tank reactants, tubular reactants, tumbling bed reactants, fluidized bed reactants, continuous flow tubes, and batch furnaces.
The chemical bath composition used herein may include inorganic compounds or organic compounds. Examples of the inorganic compound may include at least one of the following: sulfur, sulfides, sulfates, oxides, hydroxides, isocyanates, thiocyanates, molybdates, chromates, permanganates, carbonates, thiosulfates, colloidal metals, inorganic salts, and mixtures thereof. Examples of the organic compound may include: sulfur-containing organic compounds such as thiols, thioamines, oxythioamines (oxythioamines), thioureas, thiocyanates; organic compounds containing nitrogen such as amines and isocyanates; an organic compound comprising oxygen; organic compounds containing silicon, such as silanes; or a combination thereof. Additionally, the chemical bath may include at least one of: inorganic or organic salts of metals, or metal organic compounds of metals. In yet another aspect, the chemical bath may include an oxidizing agent, a surface modifying agent, and/or an inhibitor.
In one aspect, the colorless or white metal present in the
In one aspect, the
In one example, the material for the
The thickness of the
Depending on the composition of the
As shown in the figures, e.g., fig. 1, at least two surfaces/sides of the
In one aspect, an
In another aspect, an
An
As shown in fig. 3-6, the
The first selective
The
As shown in fig. 3, the
As shown in fig. 4, the
As shown in fig. 5, the
As shown in fig. 6, the
With respect to fig. 3-6, the
The
The SLML14 (and/or the material within the SLML 14) may selectively modulate light. For example, the SLML14 may control the amount of transmission in a particular wavelength. In some instances, SLML14 may selectively absorb energy at specific wavelengths (e.g., in the visible range and/or non-visible range). For example, SLML14 can be a "colored layer" and/or a "wavelength selective absorbing layer. In some instances, the particular wavelength of absorption may cause the
In some examples, some or all of the particular wavelengths absorbed may be in the visible range (e.g., SLML14 may be absorptive throughout visible light, but transparent in the infrared). The resulting
In some instances, in addition to or as an alternative to SLML14 selectively absorbing specific wavelengths of energy and/or specific wavelengths of visible light, SLML14 of
The performance of the SLML14 may be determined based on the selection of materials present in the
The first SLML14 (and optionally the second SLML14, third SLML14, fourth SLML14, etc.) can each independently include a host material alone, or in combination with a Selective Light Modulator System (SLMS). In one aspect, at least one of the
The composition of SLML14 may have a solids content ranging from about 0.01% to about 100%, such as ranging from about 0.05% to about 80%, and as further examples ranging from about 1% to about 30%. In certain aspects, the solids content can be greater than 3%. In certain aspects, the composition of SLML14 can have a solids content ranging from about 3% to about 100%, such as ranging from about 4% to 50%.
The host material of the first SLML14 may independently be a film-forming material that is applied as a coating liquid and used for optical and structural purposes. The host material may be used as a host (matrix) for introducing (if necessary) a guest system such as a selective photo modulator system (SLMS) for providing additional photo modulator properties to the
The host material may be a dielectric material. Additionally or alternatively, the host material may be at least one of an organic polymer, an inorganic polymer, and a composite material. Non-limiting examples of organic polymers include thermoplastics such as polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyimides, polyurethanes, acrylics, acrylates, polyvinyl esters, polyethers, polymercaptans, silicones, fluorocarbons (fluorochlorocarbons), and various copolymers thereof; thermosetting materials such as epoxy resins, polyurethanes, acrylates, melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde resins (urea formaldehyde) and phenol formaldehyde resins; and energy curable materials such as acrylates, epoxies, vinyls, vinyl esters, styrene, and silanes. Non-limiting examples of inorganic polymers include silanes, siloxanes, titanates, zirconates, aluminates, silicates, phosphazenes (phosphonanes), polyborazoles (polyborazoles), and polysulphides (polythiazyls).
The first SLML14 may include from about 0.001% to about 100% by weight of the host material. In one aspect, the host material may be present in the SLML14 in an amount in a range from about 0.01% to about 95% by weight of the SLML14, such as in a range from about 0.1% to about 90%, and as further examples, in a range from about 1% to about 87% by weight of the
SLMS for use in SLML14 with a host material may each independently include Selective Light Modulator Particles (SLMP), Selective Light Modulator Molecules (SLMM), additives, or combinations thereof. SLMS may also include other materials. SLMS can provide modulation (by absorption, reflectance, fluorescence, etc.) of the amplitude of electromagnetic radiation in selective regions or over the entire spectral range of interest (0.2 μm to 20 μm).
The
Examples of SLMMs include, but are not limited to: organic dyes, inorganic dyes, micelles, and other molecular systems containing chromophores.
In certain aspects, the SLMS of the first SLML14 may include at least one additive, such as a curing agent and a coating aid (coating aid).
The curing agent may be a compound or material that can initiate hardening, vitrification, crosslinking, or polymerization of the host material. Non-limiting examples of curing agents include solvents, free radical generators (by energy or chemicals), acid generators (by energy or chemicals), condensation initiators, and acid/base catalysts.
Non-limiting examples of coating aids include leveling agents (leveling agents), wetting agents, defoaming agents, adhesion promoters, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, curing inhibition mitigating agents (curing inhibition imparting agents), stain resists, corrosion inhibitors, photosensitizers, secondary cross-linking agents (secondary cross-linkers), and infrared absorbers for enhanced infrared drying. In one aspect, antioxidants can be present in the composition of SLML14 in an amount in the range of from about 25ppm to about 5% by weight.
The first SLML14 can each independently comprise a solvent. Non-limiting examples of the solvent may include acetates such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and butyl acetate; acetone; water; ketones such as dimethyl ketone (DMK), Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), sec-butyl methyl ketone (SBMK), tert-butyl methyl ketone (TBMK), cyclopentanone, and anisole; glycols and glycol derivatives such as propylene glycol methyl ether (propylene glycol methyl ether) and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (propylene glycol methyl ether acetate); alcohols such as isopropanol and diacetone alcohol; esters, such as malonic esters; heterocyclic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone; hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; coalescing solvents, such as glycol ethers; and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the solvent may be present in the first SLML14 in an amount in the range of from about 0% to about 99.9% by weight, for example in the range of from about 0.005% to about 99% by weight, and as further examples in the range of from about 0.05% to about 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the
In certain examples, the first SLML14 can include a composition having at least one of: (i) a photoinitiator, (ii) an oxygen inhibition mitigation composition, (iii) a leveling agent, and (iv) a defoaming agent.
The oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may be used to mitigate oxygen inhibition of the free-radical material. Molecular oxygen can quench the triplet state of the photoinitiator sensitizer, or it can scavenge free radicals that result in reduced coating properties and/or uncured liquid surfaces. The oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may reduce oxygen inhibition or may improve curing of any
The oxygen inhibiting composition may comprise more than one compound. The oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may comprise at least one acrylate, such as at least one acrylate monomer and at least one acrylate oligomer. In one aspect, the oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may comprise at least one acrylate monomer and two acrylate oligomers. Non-limiting examples of acrylates for use in the oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may include acrylates; a methacrylate ester; epoxy acrylates, such as modified epoxy acrylates; polyester acrylates, such as acid functional polyester acrylates, tetra functional polyester acrylates, modified polyester acrylates and polyester acrylates of biological origin; polyether acrylates, such as amine-modified polyether acrylates, including amine-functional acrylate co-initiators and tertiary amine co-initiators; urethane acrylates such as aromatic urethane acrylates, modified aliphatic urethane acrylates, and aliphatic allophanate-based urethane acrylates; and monomers and oligomers thereof. In one aspect, the oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may comprise at least one acrylate oligomer, such as two oligomers. The at least one acrylate oligomer may be selected from (selectfrom)/from (choosefrom) polyester acrylates and polyether acrylates, for example mercapto-modified polyester acrylates and amine-modified polyether tetraacrylates. The oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may also comprise at least one monomer, such as 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate. The oxygen inhibition mitigating composition may be present in the first SLML14 in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 95% by weight, such as ranging from about 10% to about 90% by weight, and as further examples ranging from about 15% to about 85% by weight, relative to the total weight of the
In certain examples, the host material of SLML14 may use a non-radical cure system, such as a cationic system. Cationic systems are less sensitive to mitigation of oxygen inhibition by free radical processes and therefore oxygen inhibition mitigation compositions may not be required. In one example, the use of the monomer 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane does not require an oxygen mitigating composition.
In one aspect, the
The photoinitiator may be a phosphine oxide. Phosphine oxides may include, but are not limited to, monoacylphosphine oxides and bisacylphosphine oxides. The monoacylphosphine oxide can be diphenyl (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide. The bisacylphosphine oxide may be bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide. In one aspect, at least one phosphine oxide may be present in the composition of
A sensitizer may be present in the composition of SLML14 and may act as a sensitizer for the type I photoinitiator and/or the type II photoinitiator. The sensitizer may also act as a type II photoinitiator. In one aspect, the sensitizer may be present in the composition of SLML14 in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10%, for example ranging from about 0.1% to about 7%, and as further examples ranging from about 1% to about 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of
In one aspect, SLML14 may contain a leveling agent. The leveling agent may be a polyacrylate. Leveling agents can eliminate cratering (crating) of the SLML14 composition. The leveling agent may be present in the composition of SLML14 in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10%, for example ranging from about 1% to about 7%, and as further examples ranging from about 2% to about 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of
The first SLML14 may also include a defoaming agent. Defoaming agents can reduce surface tension. The defoamer may be a silicone-free liquid organic polymer. The defoamer can be present in the composition of SLML14 in an amount in the range of from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, such as in the range of from about 0.2% to about 4% by weight, and as further examples in the range of from about 0.4% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition of
The
The first SLML14 may have a thickness in a range from about 1nm to about 10000nm, about 10nm to about 1000nm, about 20nm to about 500nm, about 1nm to about 100nm, about 10nm to about 1000nm, about 1nm to about 5000 nm. In one aspect, the
However, one of the benefits of the
In one aspect, the
Additionally or alternatively, the
The
A method for manufacturing an
The
In another aspect, a method of manufacturing an
In the method, the substrate may include a release layer. In the disclosed method, the
The substrate may be made of a flexible material. The substrate may be any suitable material that can receive the deposited layer. Non-limiting examples of suitable substrate materials include polymeric webs such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glass foils, glass sheets, polymeric foils, polymeric sheets, metal foils, metal sheets, ceramic foils, ceramic sheets, ionic liquids, paper, silicon wafers, and the like. The substrate may vary in thickness, but may range, for example, from about 2 μm to about 100 μm, and as further examples, from about 10 μm to about 50 μm.
The first SLML14 and/or the second SLML 14' may be deposited by a liquid coating process, such as a slot die process. Liquid coating processes may include, but are not limited to: slot-bead coating processes, slide-bead coating processes, slot curtain coating processes, slide curtain coating processes, tensioned web slot coating processes, gravure coating processes, roll coating processes, and other liquid coating and printing processes that apply a liquid onto a substrate or previously deposited layer to form a liquid layer or film that is subsequently dried and/or cured.
The substrate may then be released from the deposited layer to produce the
In another aspect, the deposited layer may be transferred from the substrate to another surface. The deposited layer may be stamped or cut to produce large sheets of well-defined size and shape.
The liquid coating process may allow the composition of SLML14, 14' to be transferred at a faster rate than other deposition techniques, such as vapor deposition. In addition, the liquid coating process may allow a wider range of materials to be used in SLML14, 14' with a simple equipment setup. It is believed that SLML14, 14' formed using the disclosed liquid coating process may exhibit improved optical performance.
Fig. 7 illustrates forming a layer using a liquid coating process. The composition of the layer, e.g. SLML14 (liquid coating composition), can be inserted into a slot die (slot die)320 and deposited on a
The liquid coating process may include adjusting at least one of a coating speed and a groove gap G to achieve a wet film having a predetermined thickness D. The liquid coating composition can be deposited to have a wet film thickness D in the range of from about 0.1 μm to about 500 μm, for example, in the range of from about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. A liquid coating composition formed with a wet film thickness D within the disclosed ranges can produce a stable SLML layer, such as a dielectric layer, i.e., without fractures or defects, such as ribbing or streaking. In one aspect, for a stable wet film using a slot die bead mode (slot die bead mode) with a coating speed up to about 100m/min, the wet film may have a thickness of about 10 μm. In another aspect, for a stable wet film using a slot die curl mode (slot die curl mode) with a coating speed up to about 1200m/min, the wet film can have a thickness of about 6-7 μm.
The liquid coating process can include a ratio of the trough gap G to the wet film thickness D of about 1 to about 100 at a speed of from about 0.1m/min to about 1000 m/min. In one aspect, the ratio is about 9 at a coating speed of about 100 m/min. In one aspect, the ratio may be about 20 at a coating speed of about 50 m/min. The liquid coating process may have a slot gap G in the range from about 0 μm to about 1000 μm. A smaller slot gap G may allow for a reduced wet film thickness. In the grooved bead mode, higher coating speeds can be achieved with wet film thicknesses greater than 10 μm.
The liquid coating process may have a coating speed in the range of from about 0.1m/min to about 1000m/min, such as in the range of from about 25m/min to about 950m/min, such as in the range of from about 100m/min to about 900m/min and as a further example in the range of from about 200m/min to about 850 m/min. In one aspect, the coating speed is greater than about 150m/min, and in further examples greater than about 500 m/min.
In one aspect, the coating speed for the bead mode liquid coating process may be in the range of from about 0.1m/min to about 600m/min, and for example, from about 50m/min to about 150 m/min. In another aspect, the coating speed for the curtain mode liquid coating process can be in the range of from about 200m/min to about 1500m/min, and for example, in the range of from about 300m/min to about 1200 m/min.
As shown in fig. 7, the solvent may be evaporated from the wet film, for example, before the wet film is cured. In one aspect, about 100%, for example about 99.9%, and as a further example about 99.8% of the solvent may be evaporated from the liquid coating composition prior to curing the liquid coating composition. In further aspects, trace amounts of solvent may be present in the cured/dried liquid coating composition. In one aspect, wet films with a greater raw weight percentage of solvent can produce dry films with reduced film thickness H. In particular, wet films having a high weight percentage of solvent and deposited at a high wet film thickness D can result in liquid coating compositions, such as SLML14, having a low dry film thickness H. It is important to note that the wet film remains liquid after the solvent is evaporated, thereby avoiding problems such as skinning and island formation during subsequent curing steps in the liquid coating process.
The dynamic viscosity of the wet film may range from about 0.5cP to about 50cP, such as from about 1cP to about 45cP, and as a further example from about 2cP to about 40 cP. The viscosity measurement temperature was 25 ℃, rheology was measured with an Anton Paar MCR 101 rheometer equipped with a solvent trap (solventtrap) using 40mm diameter cones/plates with 0.3 ° angle set at 0.025mm gap.
In one aspect, the liquid coating composition and solvent may be selected such that the wet film exhibits newtonian behavior (newtonian behavior) for precision coating (precision coating) of the liquid coating composition using a liquid coating process. Wet films may exhibit up to 10,000s-1And higher newtonian behavior shear rates. In one aspect, the shear rate for a liquid coating process may be 1000s for coating speeds up to 25m/min-1For example, for coating speeds up to 100m/min, the shear rate may be 3900s-1And as a further example, the shear rate may be 7900s for coating speeds up to 200m/min-1. It will be appreciated that the maximum shear rate can occur on very thin wet films, for example 1 μm thick wet films.
As the wet film thickness increases, a decrease in shear rate can be expected, for example, a 15% decrease for a 10 μm wet film, and as another example, a 30% decrease for a 20 μm wet film.
Evaporation of the solvent from the wet film may cause the viscosity behavior to change to pseudoplastic, which may be beneficial for achieving a
In one aspect, the method may include evaporating the solvent present in the wet film using known techniques. The amount of time required to evaporate the solvent may depend on the speed of the web/substrate and the dryer capacity. In one aspect, the temperature of the dryer (not shown) may be less than about 120 ℃, such as less than about 100 ℃, and as a further example, less than about 80 ℃.
Wet films deposited using liquid coating processes may be cured using known techniques. In one aspect, the wet film may be cured using at least one of ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared, or electron beams using a curing agent. Curing may be carried out in an inert or ambient atmosphere. In one aspect, the curing step utilizes an ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of about 395 nm. The ultraviolet light source may be at from about 200mJ/cm2To about 1000mJ/cm2In the range of, for example, from about 250mJ/cm2To about 900mJ/cm2And as a further example from about 300mJ/cm2To about 850mJ/cm2Is applied to the wet film.
The wet film may be crosslinked by known techniques. Non-limiting examples include light-induced polymerization, such as free radical polymerization, spectrally sensitized light-induced free radical polymerization, light-induced cationic polymerization, spectrally sensitized light-induced cationic polymerization, and light-induced cycloaddition; electron beam induced polymerization, such as electron beam induced free radical polymerization, electron beam induced cationic polymerization, and electron beam induced cycloaddition; and thermally induced polymerization, such as thermally induced cationic polymerization.
SLML14, 14' formed using a liquid coating process can exhibit improved optical performance, i.e., is a precision SLML. In certain examples, a precision SLML14, 14' may be understood to mean an SLML having less than about a 3% optical thickness variation, about a 5% optical thickness variation, or about a 7% optical thickness variation across the layer.
In one aspect, the liquid coating process may include adjusting at least one of: a speed of from about 5m/min to about 100m/min and a coating gap of from about 50 μm to about 100 μm to deposit a wet film of from about 2 μm to 10 μm of a selective light modulator layer having a predetermined thickness of from about 500nm to about 1500 nm. In further aspects, the process can include a speed of 30m/min, a 75 μm gap, a 10 μm wet film, a 1.25 μm dry film thickness.
In one example, SLML includes an aliphatic epoxy host using a solvent dye as SLMM, and the reflector includes aluminum.
In one example, SLML includes a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin host using a diketopyrrolopyrrole (diketopyrrolopyrrole) insoluble red dye as SLMP, and the reflector includes aluminum.
In one example, SLML includes the use of a white pigment (titanium dioxide) as the acrylate oligomer resin host for SLMP.
In one example, SLML includes an acrylate oligomer resin host using a black IR transparent pigment as SLMP, with the reflector including aluminum.
Those skilled in the art can now appreciate from the foregoing description that the present teachings can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while these teachings have been described in connection with specific embodiments and examples thereof, the true scope of the present teachings should not be so limited. Various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the teachings herein.
The disclosure of this scope is to be interpreted broadly. It is intended that the present disclosure discloses equivalents, apparatus, systems, and methods that result in the devices, activities, and mechanical actions disclosed herein. For each device, article, method, apparatus, mechanical element, or mechanism disclosed, it is intended that the disclosure also cover the disclosure thereof and teach equivalents, apparatus, systems, and methods for practicing many aspects, mechanisms, and devices disclosed herein. In addition, the present disclosure relates to coatings and many aspects, features and elements thereof. Such devices may be dynamic in their use and operation, and the present disclosure is intended to cover equivalents, apparatus, systems, and methods of use and/or manufacture of optical devices, as well as many aspects thereof, consistent with the description and spirit of the operation and function disclosed herein. The claims of this application are to be construed broadly as well. The description of the invention herein is merely exemplary in nature in its many embodiments and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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