阅读说明：本技术 一种纵向隔离步进式连续产出对虾的立体养殖车间及养殖方法 (Vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional breeding workshop for continuously producing prawns and breeding method ) 是由 孙建明 邱天龙 周利 杜以帅 吴斌 陈福迪 于 2019-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种纵向隔离步进式连续产出对虾的立体养殖车间及养殖方法。该养殖车间为立体多层设计,自上而下养殖从小至大不同规格范围的虾苗,每层为独立的循环水养殖系统；该方法将对虾养殖全过程分成多个阶段,每个养殖阶段相互独立并进行病原隔离,建立各阶段严格的疾病检测和管控流程,切断病原的纵向传播,使对虾全过程的养殖风险控制在每个相对独立的养殖阶段中,根据分段多少的划分,每隔一定时间进苗,同时将各阶段养殖对虾转移至下一阶段,实现步进式的连续养殖,在末段养殖中实现对虾连续产出。(The invention provides a vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional breeding workshop for continuously producing prawns and a breeding method. The cultivation workshop is designed in a three-dimensional multi-layer manner, shrimp fries in different specification ranges from small to large are cultivated from top to bottom, and each layer is an independent circulating water cultivation system; the method divides the whole process of prawn cultivation into a plurality of stages, each cultivation stage is mutually independent and carries out pathogen isolation, strict disease detection and control flows of each stage are established, the longitudinal propagation of pathogens is cut off, the cultivation risk of the whole process of prawns is controlled in each relatively independent cultivation stage, seedlings are fed at regular intervals according to the division of the number of the stages, meanwhile, the prawns cultivated in each stage are transferred to the next stage, the stepping continuous cultivation is realized, and the continuous output of the prawns is realized in the last stage of cultivation.)

1. A vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop for continuously producing prawns and a cultivation method are characterized in that:

the culture workshop is a multilayer indoor workshop and is in a three-dimensional multilayer layout from top to bottom, the shrimps with different specification ranges from small to large are respectively cultured in each layer from top to bottom, a culture stage is arranged in the same specification range, each layer is a culture stage, and each layer is an independent recirculating aquaculture system;

the pipeline that has the transfer shrimp seedling between adjacent two-layer links to each other, is equipped with the valve more than 2 on the pipeline, forms the transition district between the adjacent valve, and the transition district is equipped with pipeline formula ultraviolet sterilizer for exterminateing all kinds of pathogenes in the residual water in the pipeline of shrimp seedling transfer in-process, cut off upstream and downstream pathogen propagation, the water proportion distribution principle of top-down each layer does: setting the water volume required by the shrimp larvae culture density at different culture stages according to the same number of the shrimp larvae;

the breeding workshop adopts a circulating water breeding process mode to breed, the breeding process from prawn seedlings to product shrimps is divided into a plurality of (preferably 3-5) independent breeding stages, the breeding systems of the breeding stages are mutually independent, breeding water bodies are mutually isolated, the longitudinal spread of pathogeny is cut off, the pathogeny detection is carried out on the prawn seedlings entering and leaving the breeding stages, the prawn seedlings without pathogeny detection can enter the breeding system of the next stage, the prawn seedlings without pathogeny detection can not be transferred to the next stage, damage-stopping treatment is carried out, and the breeding system of the stage is thoroughly disinfected.

2. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional cultivation workshop comprises: the breeding stages are divided into three stages to five stages, the prawns are bred in the next stage after the breeding of each stage is finished, newly-fed seedlings enter the vacated first-stage breeding pond, namely, the breeding process is propelled in a stepping mode, and the breeding stages are divided into three stages to five stages.

3. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the three-dimensional cultivation workshop comprises:

the multi-group stepping type cultivation workshop can realize continuous prawn production of the last-stage cultivation system by arranging production time in a staggered manner.

4. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and the cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1,

the division of the culture stage is generally carried out according to the same culture time, the water volume proportion of each layer from top to bottom is gradually increased, and the distribution principle is as follows: such as three layers 1:3:10, or five layers of formula 1: 2: 4: 8: 12; other hierarchical approaches may be analogized accordingly.

5. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and the cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1 or 4,

the cultivation stages are divided into:

three-stage: taking 30 days as a section, the length of the shrimp larvae is about P5-3cm, 3cm-6cm and 6cm-10cm respectively, the volume ratio of the culture water bodies of each layer from top to bottom is 1:3:10, and the culture density is about 10000 tails/m respectively³3000-3500 tail/m³800-1000 tail/m³；

A five-section formula: taking 20 days as a section, the length of the shrimp larvae is respectively about P5-2cm, 2cm-4cm, 4cm-6cm, 6cm-9cm and 9cm-11cm, and the volume ratio of the culture water bodies of all layers from top to bottom is 1: 2: 4: 8: 12, the culture density is about 14000-³6000-8000 tail/m³2500 + 3500 tail/m³1200-1700 tail/m³800-1000 tail/m³。

6. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional cultivation workshop comprises: the independent culture stages are carried out in independent culture systems, pathogen isolation is carried out on the water body of each independent culture system and the water bodies of the culture systems in other stages, and pathogen detection is carried out when shrimp larvae enter and exit the culture systems to block the longitudinal spread of pathogens among the stages.

7. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional cultivation workshop comprises: when the shrimp larvae are transferred from the previous section to the next section of the culture system, the shrimp larvae can automatically flow under the action of water head difference through the connecting pipeline.

8. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional cultivation workshop comprises:

each layer of cultivation stage is provided with 1 or more than 2 cultivation grooves with the same capacity, and the number of the cultivation grooves of two adjacent layers is the same or the number of the cultivation grooves of the upper layer is larger than that of the cultivation grooves of the lower layer;

except the lowest layer, the culture tanks of other layers are respectively provided with pipelines for transferring shrimp seeds, which are connected with the culture tanks of the adjacent lower layer culture stage.

9. The vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional cultivation workshop and cultivation method for continuously producing prawns according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional cultivation workshop comprises:

1 or more than 2 culture tanks of each layer are an independent circulating water system.

Background

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and provides a vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional aquaculture workshop for continuously producing prawns and a aquaculture method, in particular to circulating water aquaculture of litopenaeus vannamei. Litopenaeus vannamei, also known as Penaeus vannamei.

Patent techniques conceptually related to the present invention but having different substantial contents are exemplified and analyzed as follows: the patent CN201410338286.4 discloses a sectional type pond culture method, which utilizes pond potential difference to realize three-stage culture from high position to low position, belongs to a traditional extensive type pond culture mode and method, and provides a sectional type culture concept, but the process technologies adopted in aspects of pathogen prevention and control, risk avoidance, culture density, water quality regulation and the like are different; the patent CN201510350035.2 discloses a segmented breeding method for penaeus vannamei based on the age of the penaeus vannamei, the method is characterized in that the penaeus vannamei is bred in four stepped and sequentially descending shrimp ponds according to the age of the penaeus vannamei, and the penaeus vannamei and crab seedlings are bred in a mixed batch mode in the shrimp ponds, and belongs to a traditional extensive pond breeding mode and a traditional extensive breeding method.

The existing industrial shrimp culture method has the advantages that the prawns are put into the culture system in an industrial mode and then are cultured from the offspring seeds to the product shrimps, four batches of prawns can be cultured under the condition that production is not stopped all the year round, the prawns are concentrated in the later culture period, and the culture risk runs through the whole culture period. The cultivation load of the circulating water shrimp cultivation system is designed according to the maximum biomass at the later cultivation stage, and the actual biomass of the cultivation pond is far lower than the bearing capacity of the system at the earlier cultivation stage, so that the one-section cultivation mode causes the waste of the productivity of equipment, the cultivation risk period is long, and the future industrial requirements of planned production and continuous shrimp production cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a three-dimensional cultivation workshop and a cultivation method for continuously producing prawns in a longitudinal isolation stepping manner, which aims to fully utilize the cultivation load of a circulating water cultivation system, improve the production efficiency, reduce the pathogen propagation risk, the climate disaster risk, the water quality abnormal risk and the like in the cultivation process, break the whole risk of the whole cultivation process into parts, and realize a series of aims of continuously producing prawns and the like.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional breeding workshop for continuously producing prawns and a breeding method are disclosed, the breeding workshop is a multilayer indoor workshop and is in a three-dimensional multilayer layout from top to bottom, the layers from top to bottom are respectively used for breeding prawns with different specification ranges from small to large, a breeding stage is arranged in the same specification range, each layer is a breeding stage, and each layer is an independent recirculating aquaculture system;

the pipeline that has the transfer shrimp seedling between adjacent two-layer links to each other, is equipped with the valve more than 2 on the pipeline, forms the transition district between the adjacent valve, and the transition district is equipped with pipeline formula ultraviolet sterilizer for exterminateing all kinds of pathogenes in the residual water in the pipeline of shrimp seedling transfer in-process, cut off upstream and downstream pathogen propagation, the water proportion distribution principle of top-down each layer does: setting the water volume required by the shrimp larvae culture density at different culture stages according to the same number of the shrimp larvae;

the breeding workshop adopts a circulating water breeding process mode to breed, the breeding process from prawn seedlings to product shrimps is divided into a plurality of (preferably 3-5) independent breeding stages, the breeding systems of the breeding stages are mutually independent, breeding water bodies are mutually isolated, the longitudinal spread of pathogeny is cut off, the pathogeny detection is carried out on the prawn seedlings entering and leaving the breeding stages, the prawn seedlings without pathogeny detection can enter the breeding system of the next stage, the prawn seedlings without pathogeny detection can not be transferred to the next stage, damage-stopping treatment is carried out, and the breeding system of the stage is thoroughly disinfected.

The breeding stages are divided into three stages to five stages, the prawns are bred in the next stage after the breeding of each stage is finished, newly-fed seedlings enter the vacated first-stage breeding pond, namely, the breeding process is propelled in a stepping mode, and the breeding stages are divided into three stages to five stages.

The multi-group stepping type cultivation workshop can realize continuous prawn production of the last-stage cultivation system by arranging production time in a staggered manner.

The division of the culture stage is generally carried out according to the same culture time, the water volume proportion of each layer from top to bottom is gradually increased, and the distribution principle is as follows: three-layer type 1:3:10, five layers of formula 1: 2: 4: 8: 12; other hierarchical approaches may be analogized accordingly.

The cultivation stages are divided into:

three-stage: taking 30 days as a section, the length of the shrimp larvae is about P5-3cm, 3cm-6cm and 6cm-10cm respectively, the volume ratio of the culture water body is 1:3:10, and the culture density is about 10000 tails/m respectively³3000-3500 tail/m³800-1000 tail/m³；

A five-section formula: taking 20 days as a section, the length of the shrimp larvae is respectively about P5-2cm, 2cm-4cm, 4cm-6cm, 6cm-9cm and 9cm-11cm, and the volume ratio of the aquaculture water is 1: 2: 4: 8: 12, the culture density is about 14000-³6000-8000 tail/m³2500 + 3500 tail/m³1200-1700 tail/m³800-1000 tail/m³。

The independent culture stages are carried out in independent culture systems, pathogen isolation is carried out on the water body of each independent culture system and the water bodies of the culture systems in other stages, and pathogen detection is carried out when shrimp larvae enter and exit the culture systems to block the longitudinal spread of pathogens among the stages.

When the shrimp larvae are transferred from the previous section to the next section of the culture system, the shrimp larvae can automatically flow under the action of water head difference through the connecting pipeline.

Each layer of cultivation stage is provided with 1 or more than 2 cultivation grooves with the same capacity, and the number of the cultivation grooves of two adjacent layers is the same or the number of the cultivation grooves of the upper layer is larger than that of the cultivation grooves of the lower layer;

except the lowest layer, the culture tanks of other layers are respectively provided with pipelines for transferring shrimp seeds, which are connected with the culture tanks of the adjacent lower layer culture stage.

1 or more than 2 culture tanks of each layer are an independent circulating water system.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

1. the three-dimensional design of the breeding workshop saves the land area, and the development of shrimp culture in big cities and suburbs of cities becomes possible.

2. The layered and staggered design of the culture pond is convenient for the connection of different culture stages and the lossless and rapid transfer of shrimp larvae.

3. The cultivation process is divided into multiple sections, each cultivation stage is independent, and the cultivation risk is totally divided into zero.

4. In the culture process, the shrimp larvae enter and leave each culture stage to carry out pathogen monitoring, namely, the longitudinal isolation of pathogens is realized.

5. The continuous shrimp production is realized by arranging production and stepping multi-section culture at different time.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical isolation step-type three-dimensional cultivation workshop for continuously producing prawns according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second schematic view of a vertical isolation step-type three-dimensional cultivation workshop for continuously producing prawns according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vertical isolation step-by-step type three-dimensional cultivation workshop for continuously producing prawns and a cultivation method.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a vertical isolation stepping type three-dimensional breeding workshop for continuously producing prawns and a breeding method. The method divides the whole process of prawn cultivation into a plurality of stages, each cultivation stage is mutually independent and carries out pathogen isolation, strict disease detection and control flows of each stage are established, the longitudinal propagation of pathogens is cut off, the cultivation risk of the whole process of prawns is controlled in each relatively independent cultivation stage, seedlings are fed at regular intervals according to the division of the number of the stages, meanwhile, the prawns cultivated in each stage are transferred to the next stage, the stepping continuous cultivation is realized, and the continuous output of the prawns is realized in the last stage of cultivation.