阅读说明：本技术 一种利用固体废渣制备人造砂子、石子、砂粉料的方法 (Method for preparing artificial sand, gravel and sand powder from solid waste residues ) 是由 杜世永 杜兴宇 于 2019-11-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种利用固体废渣制备人造砂子、石子、砂粉料的方法,其应用工业废渣、激发剂、促进剂、高分子聚合物材料和水制成无机胶凝材料,再将无机胶凝材料制成砖块坯体,再进粉碎、筛分等后续加工制成人造砂子、石子、砂粉料。本发明生产过程无需煅烧,成本低廉,所得产品性能好,可替代天然砂子用来配制抹面、砌筑等干粉砂浆。有利于实现建筑废渣建材化,从而大幅度提高固体废渣大宗利用企业经济效益和社会效益。(The invention provides a method for preparing artificial sand, pebbles and sand powder materials by utilizing solid waste residues, which is characterized in that industrial waste residues, an excitant, an accelerant, a high polymer material and water are applied to prepare an inorganic cementing material, the inorganic cementing material is prepared into a brick blank body, and the brick blank body is subjected to subsequent processing such as crushing, screening and the like to prepare the artificial sand, the pebbles and the sand powder materials. The production process of the invention does not need calcination, has low cost, and the obtained product has good performance, and can replace natural sand to be used for preparing dry powder mortar for plastering, masonry and the like. The method is favorable for realizing the building material of the building waste residue, thereby greatly improving the economic benefit and social benefit of a large-volume utilization enterprise of the solid waste residue.)

1. A method for preparing artificial sand, gravel and sand powder by using solid waste residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. preparation of inorganic cementing material:

a-1, mixing an exciting agent and water according to a weight ratio of 12: 80-95, stirring for 4-8 minutes to obtain exciting agent liquid, starting an activating machine, conveying industrial waste residues into the activating machine, then adding the exciting agent liquid into the activating machine in a mist form through an additive adding machine, and discharging after activating for 4-10 minutes to obtain a component A; wherein the weight ratio of the industrial waste residue to the exciting agent liquid is 90: 1-5;

a-2, mixing an accelerator, a high polymer material and water according to the weight ratio of 2: 1-12: 88-94, and stirring for 4-10 minutes to obtain a component B;

a-3, crushing and grinding the industrial waste residue into powder with the fineness of 200-300 meshes to obtain a component C;

a-4, conveying 60-80 parts by weight of the component A and 18-38 parts by weight of the component C into running mixing equipment by using a conveyor, then adding the component B into the mixing equipment in a mist form by using an additive adding machine according to 0.6-4.5 parts by weight, and forcibly mixing for 3-6 minutes to obtain the inorganic cementing material;

b. preparing a brick blank:

placing the inorganic cementing material in vibration, hydraulic or extrusion molding equipment to prepare a brick blank, and naturally placing the molded brick blank in a curing room or outdoors for 4-18 hours; then, maintaining the blank after standing under natural conditions, solar energy or saturated steam conditions; wherein the natural condition or solar energy curing time is 18-28 days; the saturated steam curing time is 16-24 hours, the steam temperature is 95-100 ℃, and the surface pressure is zero; the steam pressure curing time of saturated steam is 10-16 hours, the steam temperature is 174-183 ℃, and the surface pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa;

c. and (3) preparing a finished product:

c-1, artificial sand finished product: feeding the maintained brick body blank into a crusher for crushing and screening, wherein the screened material with the particle size of 0.2-5 mm is the finished artificial sand; screening material artificial sand powder semi-finished product with the particle size of less than 0.2 mm; the screened material with the particle size of more than 5 mm and less than 25 mm is a semi-finished product of the artificial stone;

c-2, artificial sand powder finished product: feeding the semi-finished product of the artificial sand powder into a grinding device and grinding into fine powder with the particle size of 0.061-0.088 mm to obtain a finished product of the artificial sand powder;

c-3, artificial stone finished product: adding 80-95 parts by weight of the artificial stone semi-finished product into a film coating machine, then adding 1-5 parts by weight of the component B into the film coating machine in a mist form through an additive adding machine, then adding 4-18 parts by weight of the component C into the film coating machine for coating, wherein the coating time is 4-8 minutes, and conveying the coated artificial stone semi-finished product into a storage bin through a conveyor for natural curing for 3-7 days to obtain an artificial stone finished product.

2. The method for preparing artificial sand, cobblestone and sand powder from solid waste residue according to claim 1, wherein the industrial waste residue is one or more of fly ash, steel slag, phosphorus slag, burning coal gangue, phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum, construction waste, coal slag, manganese slag, carbide slag, mud flat sludge, sludge incineration residue of municipal sewage treatment plants, waste stone powder mud, red mud, copper tailings, iron tailings, gold tailings, magnesium tailings or aluminum tailings, the sum of the contents of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide in the industrial waste residue is more than 60% of the total weight, the silicon-calcium ratio is 0.7-1.2%, and the loss on ignition is less than 5-7%.

3. The method for preparing artificial sand, gravel and sand powder by using the solid waste residue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the exciting agent is one or more of sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

4. The method for preparing artificial sand, gravel and sand powder by using the solid waste residue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the accelerator is one or more of triethanolamine, calcium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin.

5. The method for preparing artificial sand, gravel and sand powder by using solid waste residue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high polymer material is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, sodium methyl silanol and polyacrylamide.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of artificial sand and stone sand powder, in particular to a method for preparing artificial sand, stone and sand powder by using solid waste residues.

Background

With the rapid development of the building industry in China, the demands of sand and stone materials are continuously increased. However, the existing sand and stone materials mainly depend on natural sand and stone, the production area is mainly concentrated on the main flow and branch flow areas of Yangtze river and yellow river, the river sand in partial areas is exhausted, the supply is insufficient, the price is increased, the profit is high, the most common sand and stone are turned into 'soft gold' to stimulate the prosperity of the sand mining industry. Under the drive of high profit, the illegal sand dredger runs transversely all around, and the illegal operation accounts for nearly 50%. Excessive development not only reduces the amount of river sand, but also makes the damage to river ecology, flood control, channel safety and the like more frightening.

With the development of economic construction and electric power industry in China, the annual emission of the fly ash exceeds 5.35 hundred million tons. The accumulated stockpiling amount of industrial byproduct gypsum exceeds 3 million tons, wherein the amount of desulfurized gypsum is more than 5000 million tons, and the amount of phosphogypsum is more than 2 million tons. The annual construction waste produced in China is as high as 4000 million cubic meters, and solid wastes such as various tailings, waste stone powder mud, mud flat sludge, sludge incineration residue of municipal sewage treatment plants, construction waste soil, carbide slag, manganese slag, phosphorus slag, red mud, coal gangue and the like are accumulated like a mountain. The solid wastes piled up like mountains every year accumulate in a month, and become a heavy burden for enterprises and society. A method of burying and stacking or allowing the farmland to flow into rivers, seas and the like is adopted, so that the fertile farmland is destroyed, water resources are seriously polluted, human survival is endangered, the method is also an expedient and cannot solve the fundamental problem, and therefore, the method is the only feasible and effective way for effectively and comprehensively utilizing industrial solid waste residues and changing waste into valuable.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing artificial sand, gravel and sand powder by using solid waste residues, so as to solve the problems of insufficient supply of the conventional building gravel materials, serious accumulation of solid waste and lack of an effective utilization method.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for preparing artificial sand, gravel and sand powder by using solid waste residues comprises the following steps:

a. preparation of inorganic cementing material:

a-1, mixing an exciting agent and water according to a weight ratio of 12: 80-95, stirring for 4-8 minutes to obtain exciting agent liquid, starting an activating machine, conveying industrial waste residues into the activating machine, then adding the exciting agent liquid into the activating machine in a mist form through an additive adding machine, and discharging after activating for 4-10 minutes to obtain a component A; wherein the weight ratio of the industrial waste residue to the exciting agent liquid is 90: 1-5;

a-2, mixing an accelerator, a high polymer material and water according to the weight ratio of 2: 1-12: 88-94, and stirring for 4-10 minutes to obtain a component B;

a-3, crushing and grinding the industrial waste residue into powder with the fineness of 200-300 meshes to obtain a component C;

a-4, conveying 60-80 parts by weight of the component A and 18-38 parts by weight of the component C into running mixing equipment by using a conveyor, then adding the component B into the mixing equipment in a mist form by using an additive adding machine according to 0.6-4.5 parts by weight, and forcibly mixing for 3-6 minutes to obtain the inorganic cementing material;

b. preparing a brick blank:

placing the inorganic cementing material in vibration, hydraulic or extrusion molding equipment to prepare a brick blank, and naturally placing the molded brick blank in a curing room or outdoors for 4-18 hours; then, maintaining the blank after standing under natural conditions, solar energy or saturated steam conditions; wherein the natural condition or solar energy curing time is 18-28 days; the saturated steam curing time is 16-24 hours, the steam temperature is 95-100 ℃, and the surface pressure is zero; the steam pressure curing time of saturated steam is 10-16 hours, the steam temperature is 174-183 ℃, and the surface pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa;

c. and (3) preparing a finished product:

c-1, artificial sand finished product: feeding the maintained brick body blank into a crusher for crushing and screening, wherein the screened material with the particle size of 0.2-5 mm is the finished artificial sand; screening material artificial sand powder semi-finished product with the particle size of less than 0.2 mm; the screened material with the particle size of more than 5 mm and less than 25 mm is a semi-finished product of the artificial stone;

c-2, artificial sand powder finished product: feeding the semi-finished product of the artificial sand powder into a grinding device and grinding into fine powder with the particle size of 0.061-0.088 mm to obtain a finished product of the artificial sand powder;

c-3, artificial stone finished product: adding 80-95 parts by weight of the artificial stone semi-finished product into a film coating machine, then adding 1-5 parts by weight of the component B into the film coating machine in a mist form through an additive adding machine, then adding 4-18 parts by weight of the component C into the film coating machine for coating, wherein the coating time is 4-8 minutes, and conveying the coated artificial stone semi-finished product into a storage bin through a conveyor for natural curing for 3-7 days to obtain an artificial stone finished product.

The industrial waste residue is one or a mixture of more than one of fly ash, steel slag, phosphorus slag, combustion coal gangue, phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum, construction waste, coal residue, manganese residue, carbide slag, mud flat sludge, sludge incineration residue of municipal sewage treatment plants, waste stone powder sludge, red mud, copper tailings, iron tailings, gold tailings, magnesium tailings or aluminum tailings, the sum of the contents of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide in the industrial waste residue is more than 60 percent of the total weight, the silicon-calcium ratio is 0.7-1.2 percent, and the loss on ignition is less than 5-7 percent.

The exciting agent is one or more of sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

The accelerant is one or a mixture of more than one of triethanolamine, calcium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin.

The high molecular polymer material is one or a mixture of more than one of polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, sodium methylsiliconate and polyacrylamide.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the production process of the artificial sand, the pebble and the sand powder does not need to be calcined, the solid waste residue is utilized in a large amount, the environment is not polluted, and the cost is low. The method is favorable for realizing large-scale industrial production, the compressive strength of the waste residue artificial stone cylinder can reach 12.2MPa through detection of an authoritative department, and the compressive strength of a test block which is trial-produced can reach 34.3 MPa through detection of the authoritative department.

2. The waste residue artificial sand can replace natural sand to prepare dry powder mortar for plastering, masonry and the like. The waste residue artificial sand and the cement matrix or fly ash slag cementing material both belong to silicate raw materials, and after certain conditions, the waste residue artificial sand and the cement matrix or the fly ash slag cementing material react to form a whole, so that the waste residue artificial sand and the cement matrix or the fly ash slag cementing material have very strong binding force. The product has excellent durability such as crack resistance, permeability resistance, frost resistance and the like, and when other sands are used, the sands are only wrapped by a cement matrix or a fly ash cementing material, and no reaction occurs between the sands and a cementing material.

3. The waste residue artificial sand powder is used as a raw material to produce concrete and products thereof, and cement can be saved by 20-40%. The artificial sand powder belongs to a new universal material, almost all cement-based building materials can use artificial sand powder admixture, and light concrete, foam concrete, aerated concrete, heat-insulating concrete, plastering mortar, cement-based lath plates, building blocks, floor tiles, roadbed materials, municipal engineering materials and other non-structural load-bearing concrete and products thereof have the blending rate of 60 percent or more, thereby being beneficial to realizing building and building of building residues and greatly improving the economic benefit and social benefit of a large-volume utilization enterprise of solid residues.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of the resulting sand powder of example 6.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of sand obtained in example 6.

FIG. 3 is a picture of the stone obtained in example 6.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

All the solid waste residues in the invention can be purchased from thermal power plants, chemical plants, phosphorization plants, coal mines, aluminum plants, acetylene gas plants, polyvinyl chloride plants, steel plants, aluminum ore plants, manganese ore plants, phosphorus ore plants, construction sites and the like, and other raw materials are also commercially available products.

The phosphorous slag used in the embodiment of the invention is solid waste slag discharged by yellow phosphorus chemical enterprises, and can be replaced by steel slag, blast furnace water-quenched slag, manganese slag or low-temperature calcined kaolin. Phosphogypsum is a solid waste residue discharged from a phosphating plant. Desulfurized gypsum and other waste gypsum can be used instead. The construction waste powder is fine powder which is obtained by crushing and grinding solid waste residues of buildings discharged from construction sites or factories into about 180 meshes. Can be replaced by spontaneous combustion or low-temperature calcined coal gangue, waste residue after aluminum separation in an aluminum ore plant, red mud and aluminum residue. The sludge incineration slag of the municipal sewage plant is incineration waste remained after municipal sewage treatment, and can be replaced by building waste soil, mud flat sludge, and waste stone powder and mud discharged from quarries and stone processing plants. The fly ash is waste ash slag discharged from coal-fired boiler, and can be replaced by iron tailings, gold tailings and copper tailings. The carbide slag is milk white waste slag discharged from acetylene gas plants or polyvinyl chloride plants, and can be replaced by lime powder. The cement clinker can be replaced by cement.