阅读说明：本技术 一种光纤光栅倾角传感器 (Fiber grating tilt angle sensor ) 是由 张华� 胡宾鑫 宋广东 朱峰 刘统玉 王纪强 于 2019-11-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开一种光纤光栅倾角传感器,包括传感器基座、光纤光栅组、铰链组、质量块和计算单元；所述传感器基座固定在被测结构上,所述光纤光栅组设置在传感器基座上,所述传感器基座与所述质量块通过铰链组连接；光纤光栅组包括第一光纤光栅和第二光纤光栅,铰链组包括第一铰链和第二铰链,所述第一铰链对应于所述第一光纤光栅,所述第二铰链对应于所述第二光纤光栅；当被测结构发生倾斜时,所述质量块带动所述第一铰链和所述第二铰链转动,使光纤光栅组的受力发生变化,所述计算单元用于根据第一光纤光栅和第二光纤光栅的波长漂移量,解析所述被测结构倾斜的角度。本申请提供的传感器具有较高的灵敏度和测量精度,适用于恶劣环境中的倾角检测。(The application discloses a fiber bragg grating inclination angle sensor which comprises a sensor base, a fiber bragg grating group, a hinge group, a mass block and a calculation unit; the sensor base is fixed on a structure to be measured, the fiber bragg grating group is arranged on the sensor base, and the sensor base is connected with the mass block through the hinge group; the fiber bragg grating group comprises a first fiber bragg grating and a second fiber bragg grating, the hinge group comprises a first hinge and a second hinge, the first hinge corresponds to the first fiber bragg grating, and the second hinge corresponds to the second fiber bragg grating; when the measured structure inclines, the mass block drives the first hinge and the second hinge to rotate, so that the stress of the fiber grating group changes, and the calculating unit is used for analyzing the inclination angle of the measured structure according to the wavelength drift of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating. The sensor provided by the application has higher sensitivity and measurement accuracy, and is suitable for inclination detection in severe environment.)

1. A fiber bragg grating inclination angle sensor is characterized by comprising a sensor base, a fiber bragg grating group, a hinge group, a mass block and a calculation unit; the sensor base is fixed on a structure to be measured, the fiber bragg grating group is arranged on the sensor base, and the sensor base is connected with the mass block through the hinge group;

the fiber bragg grating group comprises a first fiber bragg grating and a second fiber bragg grating, the hinge group comprises a first hinge and a second hinge, the first hinge is correspondingly connected with the first fiber bragg grating, and the second hinge is correspondingly connected with the second fiber bragg grating;

when the measured structure inclines, the mass block drives the first hinge and the second hinge to rotate, so that the stress of the fiber grating group changes, and the calculating unit is used for analyzing the inclination angle of the measured structure according to the wavelength drift of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating.

2. The fiber grating tilt sensor of claim 1, wherein the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line of the mass block, and the first fiber grating is identical to the second fiber grating.

3. The FBG tilt sensor of claim 1 or 2, wherein the center of the first hinge and the center of the second hinge are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line of the mass, and the first hinge is identical to the second hinge.

4. The fiber grating tilt sensor of claim 3, wherein the computing unit resolves the angle at which the structure under test is tilted according to the following relationship:

in the formula, Δ λ₁Is the wavelength drift amount, Delta lambda, of the first fiber grating₂Is the wavelength drift amount of the second fiber grating, m is the mass of the mass block, and the unit is Kg, g is 9.8N/Kg, d is the distance between the mass center of the mass block and the center of the first hinge, K is the rotation rigidity of the first hinge or the second hinge, theta is the inclination angle of the measured structure, K is the elastic coefficient of the first fiber grating or the second fiber grating, a₁Is the distance between the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating.

5. The fiber grating tilt sensor of claim 4, wherein the rotational stiffness K of the first hinge or the second hinge is:

where E is an elastic modulus of the first hinge or the second hinge, i is an overall thickness of the fiber grating tilt sensor, R is a radius of the first hinge or the second hinge, and s is R/i.

6. The fiber grating tilt sensor of claim 1, wherein the first hinge and the second hinge are flexible hinge structures.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a fiber grating tilt angle sensor.

Background

With the increasing degree of intelligence of coal mining, inclination measurement is widely applied to various aspects of coal mining production, such as measuring the running angle of a coal mining machine body, the swing angle of a rocker arm and the like. The current ways to achieve tilt measurement are: one is indirect measurement through an acceleration sensor, most of the measurement adopts a cantilever beam and metal membrane structure, and the packaging structure is complex, so that the measurement range is narrow, and particularly the sensitivity is lower during medium and high frequency measurement; the other is to adopt an inclination angle sensor, the existing inclination angle sensor generally carries out inclination angle measurement based on the principles of resistance strain type, dielectric liquid type, capacitance type, inductance type, potentiometer type and the like, but when the traditional inclination angle sensor is used in severe environments such as large electromagnetic interference, easy corrosion and the like, the measurement error is larger. Therefore, how to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of tilt measurement and utilize the application in harsh environment is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a fiber grating tilt angle sensor.

The application provides a fiber bragg grating inclination angle sensor which comprises a sensor base, a fiber bragg grating group, a hinge group, a mass block and a calculation unit; the sensor base is fixed on a structure to be measured, the fiber bragg grating group is arranged on the sensor base, and the sensor base is connected with the mass block through the hinge group;

the fiber bragg grating group comprises a first fiber bragg grating and a second fiber bragg grating, the hinge group comprises a first hinge and a second hinge, the first hinge is correspondingly connected with the first fiber bragg grating, and the second hinge is correspondingly connected with the second fiber bragg grating;

when the measured structure inclines, the mass block drives the first hinge and the second hinge to rotate, so that the stress of the fiber grating group changes, and the calculating unit is used for analyzing the inclination angle of the measured structure according to the wavelength drift of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating.

Optionally, the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are symmetrically distributed on two sides of a center line of the mass block, and the first fiber grating is the same as the second fiber grating.

Optionally, the center of the first hinge and the center of the second hinge are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line of the mass block, and the first hinge is the same as the second hinge.

Optionally, the calculating unit analyzes the inclination angle of the structure to be measured according to the following relationship:

in the formula, Δ λ₁Is the wavelength drift amount, Delta lambda, of the first fiber grating₂Is the wavelength drift amount of the second fiber grating, m is the mass of the mass block, and the unit is Kg, g is 9.8N/Kg, d is the distance between the mass center of the mass block and the center of the first hinge, K is the rotation rigidity of the first hinge or the second hinge, theta is the inclination angle of the measured structure, K is the elastic coefficient of the first fiber grating or the second fiber grating, a₁Is the distance between the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating.

Optionally, the rotational stiffness K of the first hinge or the second hinge is:

where E is an elastic modulus of the first hinge or the second hinge, i is an overall thickness of the fiber grating tilt sensor, R is a radius of the first hinge or the second hinge, and s is R/i.

Optionally, the first hinge and the second hinge are flexible hinge structures.

The beneficial effect that this application possesses as follows: because the sensor base is fixed on the measured structure, when the measured structure inclines, the mass block can drive the hinge group to rotate under the action of the inertia force, so that one grating in the fiber grating group is under tensile stress, the other grating is under compressive stress, and when the stress on the fiber grating changes, the wavelength drift can occur. After the structural size of the sensor is determined, the difference value of the wavelength changes of the double gratings has a good linear relation with the inclination angle change of the measured structure, the sensor has high sensitivity, the fiber grating group comprises two fiber gratings, and the two fiber gratings are in the same temperature field, so that temperature compensation can be realized, and the accuracy of inclination angle measurement is improved. In addition, the fiber grating has the advantages of small volume, high sensitivity, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is more suitable for severe environments such as coal mines and the like.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating tilt angle sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a sensor structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a simplified mechanical model diagram of a sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a fiber grating tilt sensor, which includes a sensor base 1, a mass block 2, a fiber grating group, a hinge group, and a computing unit (not shown in the figure); the sensor base 1 is fixed on the structure 7 to be measured, the fiber bragg grating group is arranged on the sensor base 1, and the sensor base 1 is connected with the mass block 2 through the hinge group.

The fiber grating group comprises a first fiber grating 3 and a second fiber grating 4, the hinge group comprises a first hinge 5 and a second hinge 6, the first hinge 5 is correspondingly connected with the first fiber grating 3, and the second hinge 6 is correspondingly connected with the second fiber grating 4.

Optionally, the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the center line of the mass block 2, and the first fiber grating 3 is the same as the second fiber grating 4, that is, the two fiber gratings have the same structural parameters and optical parameters. The center of the first hinge 5 and the center of the second hinge 6 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the center line of the mass block 2, and the first hinge 5 and the second hinge 6 are the same. The center line of the mass block 2 is specifically shown as C marked in fig. 1, and the design mode enables the hinge group and the fiber bragg grating group in the sensor to be symmetrically distributed, so that the calculation unit can calculate the inclination angle of the measured structure conveniently.

In this application, first hinge 5 and second hinge 6 can adopt flexible hinge structure, and flexible hinge has advantages such as no friction, no wearing and tearing, easily processing, small, motion sensitivity height as the elastic element of a transmission motion, and flexible hinge combines together with the fiber grating device, can improve inclination sensor's performance, realizes high sensitivity, the high accuracy measurement at inclination. The first fiber Grating 3 and the second fiber Grating 4 are structures formed by etching gratings in the optical fiber, and FBG (fiber bragg Grating) and the like can be selected, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

The measuring mechanism of the sensor provided by the application is that, because the sensor base 1 is fixed on the measured structure 7, when the measured structure 7 inclines, the mass block 2 can drive the first hinge 5 and the second hinge 6 to rotate under the action of the inertia force, so that the stress of the fiber grating group changes, and therefore one grating in the fiber grating group is under tensile stress and the other grating is under compressive stress. For example, if the measured structure 7 is inclined in the clockwise direction, the first fiber grating 3 is under compressive stress, and the second fiber grating 4 is under tensile stress; if the tested structure 7 is inclined along the counterclockwise direction, the first fiber grating 3 is under tension stress, and the second fiber grating 4 is under compression stress.

The first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4 can generate wavelength drift when the stress on the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4 changes, and the inclination angle of the measured structure 7 can be analyzed by detecting the wavelength drift of the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4, so that the measurement of the inclination angle is completed, and therefore the calculation unit is used for analyzing the inclination angle of the measured structure 7 according to the wavelength drift of the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, when the measured structure 7 is inclined, an inclination angle θ is generated, which can be obtained according to a moment balance equation:

mgd sinθ-Kθ-kΔl·a₁＝0

where m is the mass of the mass 2, and is Kg, g is 9.8N/Kg, d is the distance between the center of mass of the mass 2 and the center of the first hinge 5 (or the second hinge 6), K is the rotational stiffness of the first hinge or the second hinge, K is the elastic coefficient of the first fiber grating 3 or the second fiber grating 4, a₁The distance between the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4 is Δ l, which is the variation of the fiber length of the first fiber grating 3 (or the second fiber grating 4).

Wherein, the elastic coefficient k of the first fiber grating 3 or the second fiber grating 4 is:

A_fis a first fiber grating3 (or second fiber grating 4) cross-sectional area of the optical fiber, E_fIs the elastic modulus of the first fiber grating 3 (or the second fiber grating 4), and l is the fiber length of the first fiber grating 3 (or the second fiber grating 4).

In the formula, the rotational stiffness K of the first hinge 5 or the second hinge 6 is:

e is the elastic modulus of the first hinge 5 (or the second hinge 6), i is the overall thickness of the fiber grating tilt sensor, R is the radius of the first hinge 5 (or the second hinge 6), and s ═ R/i.

Since the tilt angle θ is relatively small, approximately sin θ ═ θ, which can be obtained from the moment balance equation:

in consideration of the cross sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating to strain and temperature, the fiber bragg grating group comprises two fiber bragg gratings, namely the fiber bragg gratings are respectively adhered to the two sides of the hinge group and the mass block 2 through adhesives. For the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4 which have the same temperature and strain sensing sensitivity coefficient, the central wavelength of the first fiber grating 3 is set as lambda₁The center wavelength of the second fiber grating 4 is lambda₂Without considering the coupling effect of strain and temperature, i.e. considering that the change of the central wavelength caused by the temperature and the strain is strictly linear and independent, the central wavelength change of the two fiber gratings can be expressed as:

Δλ₁＝α_εε₁+α_TΔT₁

Δλ₂＝α_εε₂+α_TΔT₂

wherein, Δ λ₁Is the wavelength drift amount, Delta lambda, of the first fiber grating 3₂Is the amount of wavelength drift, ε, of the second fiber grating 4₁Is the axial stress variation, epsilon, of the first fiber grating 3₂Is the axial stress variation, Δ T, of the second fiber grating 4₁Is the temperature change, Δ T, of the first fiber grating 3₂Is the temperature change, alpha, of the second fiber grating 4_εIs the strain sensitivity coefficient, alpha, of the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4_TThe temperature sensitivity coefficients of the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4.

When the measured structure 7 is inclined, one fiber grating is in tension stress, the other fiber grating is in compression stress, and the tensile stress is equal to the compression stress, namely, the condition that epsilon is met₁＝-ε₂Since the first fiber grating 3 and the second fiber grating 4 are in the same temperature field, the temperature variation is the same, i.e. Δ T is satisfied₁＝ΔT₂Therefore, temperature compensation is realized, and the relation of the change of the central wavelength of the double fiber bragg gratings after the temperature compensation is considered as follows:

Δλ₁-Δλ₂＝2α_εε₁

in summary, the relationship between the wavelength variation and the tilt angle variation of the double grating is:

the sensitivity S of the fiber grating tilt angle sensor is as follows:

the application provides an among the fiber grating inclination sensor based on flexible hinge, because sensor base 1 fixes on being surveyed structure 7, when being surveyed structure 7 and taking place the slope, quality piece 2 can drive the hinge group under the effect of inertial force and take place to rotate, thereby make a grating tensile stress in the fiber grating group, another grating compressive stress, fiber grating is when the stress that receives changes, the wavelength drift can take place, the wavelength drift through first fiber grating 3 and second fiber grating 4 measures, can resolve the angle of being surveyed structure 7 slope, thereby accomplish the measurement at inclination. After the structural size of the sensor is determined, the difference value of the wavelength changes of the double gratings has a good linear relation with the inclination angle change of the measured structure, the sensor has high sensitivity, the fiber grating group comprises two fiber gratings, and the two fiber gratings are in the same temperature field, so that temperature compensation can be realized, and the accuracy of inclination angle measurement is improved. In addition, the fiber grating has the advantages of small volume, high sensitivity, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is more suitable for severe environments such as coal mines and the like.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.