阅读说明：本技术 一种用于裂隙岩体结构的信息多元解译与表征方法 (Information multivariate interpretation and characterization method for fractured rock mass structure ) 是由 贺鹏 王刚 孙尚渠 姜枫 郑程程 于 2019-10-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于裂隙岩体结构的信息多元解译与表征方法。本方法使用的开发环境主要是MATLAB R2015b,MATLAB本身提供的数值计算功能、图形功能、以及交互式操作可很好地实现本系统中涉及到的图像处理算法。本方法充分考虑裂隙岩体图像特征,分别针对规则长大裂隙、特殊地质体(软弱夹层、破碎带及断层等)、细小随机裂隙3种不同几何特征与展布形态的结构面,以霍夫变换、智能剪刀,以及图像形态学结合多参数表征三种算法,对裂隙岩体结构信息进行靶向性特征提取,构建了集裂隙岩体结构信息线性成组提取、磁性追踪提取及形态学边缘检测于一体的多元解译系统。(The invention relates to an information multivariate interpretation and characterization method for a fractured rock mass structure. The development environment used by the method is mainly MATLAB R2015b, and the numerical calculation function, the graphic function and the interactive operation provided by the MATLAB can well realize the image processing algorithm involved in the system. The method fully considers the image characteristics of fractured rock mass, and performs targeted characteristic extraction on the fractured rock mass structure information by using three algorithms of Hough transform, intelligent scissors and image morphology combined with multi-parameter characterization according to 3 different geometric characteristics and structural surfaces of spread forms of regularly-grown fractures, special geologic bodies (soft interlayers, broken zones, faults and the like) and fine random fractures, thereby constructing a multivariate interpretation system integrating fractured rock mass structure information linear group extraction, magnetic tracking extraction and morphological edge detection.)

1. An information multivariate interpretation and characterization method for a fractured rock mass structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: image processing and subsequent feature extraction, and human-computer interaction interface operation is completed through program programming; based on numerical calculation function, graphic function and interactive operation provided by MATLAB, a multi-element interpretation system integrating fracture rock structure information linear group extraction, magnetic tracking extraction and morphological edge detection is constructed, a corresponding rock structure information data integration platform is constructed according to the multi-element interpretation system, and the multi-element interpretation system can be automatically derived in a report form.

2. The information multivariate interpretation and characterization method for the fractured rock mass structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: image processing and subsequent feature extraction, wherein the image processing step needs to be preprocessed in advance to improve the image quality, and if the image quality is good, the image can be automatically adjusted to the proper resolution and brightness by using a one-key optimization function.

3. The method comprises the steps of constructing linear group extraction and magnetic tracking extraction of the fractured rock mass structure information according to claim 1, and carrying out statistics and analysis on the fractured rock mass information by using rock mass structure information characterization indexes and solving algorithms matched with different rock masses.

4. The corresponding integrated platform of rock mass structure information data is constructed according to the method of claim 1, namely, the integrated platform of extracting and statistically analyzing the structural plane information based on the rock mass digital image is established specially for the tunnel and the underground engineering, and a large amount of files with the formats of Xlsx and Xls are supported by outputting and storing the extracted data of the rock mass structure information.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel, rock and soil engineering, in particular to an information multivariate interpretation and characterization method for a fractured rock mass structure.

Technical Field

In the construction of the fractured rock mass tunnel engineering, rock mass structure information is data support of a series of rock mass mechanics and deformation problems of subsequent rock mass quality evaluation, network model construction, fracture evolution rule, surrounding rock discontinuous deformation, dynamic risk assessment and the like, and is also an important guarantee for rapid tunnel construction. However, unlike above-ground projects, while the rapid development of non-contact photogrammetry and computer graphics provides a powerful tool for it, it is not easy to quickly and efficiently acquire sequential tunnel face rock mass images due to the dim, dusty, and humid special environment of the following projects. Meanwhile, the rock mass is used as a chaotic medium, the rock mass structural planes are randomly distributed and have different forms, the combination forms are very different, and although few researches on rock mass image processing and feature extraction are carried out at present, the problem is not solved effectively. Therefore, aiming at the specific environmental conditions of the tunnel, the environmental factor sensitivity of different photogrammetry image acquisition modes and the optimization selection of acquisition equipment are researched, so that the image acquisition quality is improved on an equipment layer, and a defogging enhancement preprocessing algorithm special for the tunnel rock mass image is provided. In addition, starting from the uncertainty of the rock mass structure, a multivariate interpretation system integrating linear group extraction, magnetic tracking extraction and multivariate parameter characterization of fractured rock mass structure information is constructed based on linear detection, intelligent scissors, image morphology, gradient operation and the like, and a corresponding rock mass structure information data integration platform is constructed according to the multivariate interpretation system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to explore the environmental factor sensitivity of different photogrammetry image acquisition modes and the optimization selection of acquisition equipment aiming at the special environmental conditions of a tunnel so as to improve the image acquisition quality on an equipment layer and provide a defogging enhancement preprocessing algorithm specially aiming at tunnel rock mass images. In addition, starting from the uncertainty of the rock mass structure, a multivariate interpretation system integrating linear group extraction, magnetic tracking extraction and multivariate parameter characterization of fractured rock mass structure information is constructed based on linear detection, intelligent scissors, image morphology, gradient operation and the like, and a corresponding rock mass structure information data integration platform is constructed according to the multivariate interpretation system.

In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:

the present invention is based on numerical computing functionality, graphical functionality, and interactive operations provided by MATLAB R2015b, the MATLAB itself. The image characteristics of fractured rock masses are fully considered, targeted characteristic extraction is carried out on fractured rock mass structure information by three algorithms of Hough transformation, intelligent scissors and image morphology combined with multi-parameter representation according to 3 different geometric characteristics and structural surfaces of spreading forms of regularly-grown fractures, special geologic bodies (soft interlayers, broken zones, faults and the like) and small random fractures, a multivariate interpretation system integrating fractured rock mass structure information linear group extraction, magnetic tracking extraction and morphological edge detection is constructed, a corresponding rock mass structure information data integration platform is constructed by the aid of the multivariate interpretation system, automatic derivation can be carried out in a report form, and reliable data support is provided for tunnel construction and subsequent analysis.

An information multivariate interpretation and characterization method for a fractured rock mass structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the core of the tunnel fractured rock mass image processing and structure information multivariate interpretation system is image processing and subsequent characteristic extraction, human-computer interaction interface operation is completed through program programming, and rapid acquisition and fine quantitative characterization of rock mass structure information are realized. The platform interface is shown in fig. 1. The image processing and the feature extraction are arranged on the same interface, so that the structural plane information is interpreted and extracted while the image is processed conveniently, and geologists can clearly know which fracture information when the information is recorded conveniently. In addition, the extracted information records are temporarily stored in the right table to facilitate automatic export of subsequent data. The following description will be made separately from three aspects of image processing, feature interpretation, and information output.

(1) Firstly, opening a tunnel fractured rock image processing and structure information multivariate interpretation system exe, wherein software enters an image preprocessing interface, generally, a field shooting image is influenced by factors such as illumination, dust, water mist and experience of shooting personnel, most of the field shooting images cannot be directly used, and preprocessing is needed in advance to improve the image quality. The upper left of the main interface of the system is provided with 6 buttons which respectively represent 6 operations of the pretreatment process. Except for the functions of image compression, gray level transformation, image denoising, defogging enhancement, edge sharpening and the like. If the image quality is inherently good, the image may be automatically adjusted to the appropriate resolution and brightness using a "one-key optimization" function.

(2) The interpretation method of rock mass structure information in the developed platform is totally 3, namely linear group extraction, magnetic tracking extraction and morphological edge detection, and the use and operation descriptions are introduced below.

A. The linear group extraction method comprises the following steps: a straight line is drawn on the image by a mouse, then a group of straight lines in the direction can be obtained, and the group of extracted detailed information including the trace length, the spacing, the coordinates, the inclination angle and the like can be directly obtained in the table on the right side. Only one ratio is shown here, not an actual number, and therefore engineering scale changes are also required. After the structure information is extracted, the proportion between the image and the actual engineering value in the system is filled, and the length of the bottom of the image is used as the proportion reference of the engineering scale by default.

B. The magnetic tracking extraction method comprises the following steps: the mouse slides near the data to be extracted to generate an automatically attached closed curve, so that the information of the area, the width, the length of the main pixel, the central coordinate, the inclination angle and the like of the enclosed area can be obtained and displayed in the right table. Meanwhile, the platform can realize continuous extraction of information, the extraction result can be displayed in an overlapped mode every time, and the information can be updated in the right table.

C. Morphological edge detection method: based on the multi-scale multi-structure morphology edge detection algorithm, aiming at small, poor-continuity and randomly-distributed secondary joints, cracks and the like, an edge detection processing image can be obtained by clicking the conventional algorithm for extraction, and then the quantitative characterization can be carried out by clicking the rock mass crack rate or the fractal dimension.

(3) Information input, data output and statistical verification. The extracted information is stored in the right table column in real time, the information of the rock mass structure with poor extraction effect or not conforming to the reality can be deleted through operation, the 'information derivation' is clicked, the stored data can be finally exported to an Excel file and output according to a specified format, meanwhile, the engineering information including the 'tunnel name', 'start and stop pile number', 'image acquisition mileage', the 'excavation construction method' and 'design surrounding rock grade' and the like can be compiled for the processed image group, and the interface of information input, geological recording and statistical analysis is shown in figure 2. The geological personnel can conveniently manage and store correspondingly, and the geological logging of rock mass structure information can be carried out simultaneously.

It should be noted that the above description is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are merely examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. And such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily make changes or variations within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed, and such changes or variations should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fracture rock mass structure image processing and information feature extraction execution interface;

FIG. 2 shows the interface between the entry of engineering background information into the software and geological logging and statistical analysis of fractured rock mass structure;

FIG. 3 shows the effect of the Retinex algorithm applied to image processing;

FIG. 4 illustrates the results of the linear block extraction algorithm interpretation proposed for the block structured surface of rules in the software developed;

FIG. 5 is the interpretation of the magnetic tracking extraction algorithm proposed in the developed software for large irregular special bodies;

FIG. 6 shows the interpreted results of the crack morphological edge detection algorithm proposed for small, random cracks in the developed software;

FIG. 7 is a probability distribution model effect diagram of fractured rock mass structure information obtained after interpretation by a software algorithm;

and fig. 8 shows an execution flow of the information multivariate interpretation and characterization method of the developed software fractured rock mass structure.

Detailed Description

Based on the developed tunnel fractured rock mass image processing and structure information multivariate interpretation system, the geometric information of rock mass joints, fractures, faults, weak fracture zones and the like can be automatically acquired, and the refined automatic acquisition and quantitative characterization of rock mass structure information are realized. Taking a certain tunnel as an example, image acquisition is carried out in each blasting cycle, and a plurality of original images are obtained through continuous tracking shooting; after further image processing and feature interpretation, acquiring a large amount of geometrical information of the rock mass structural plane; and after the Excel file is derived through the engineering information, carrying out information statistical analysis.

(1) Fractured rock mass image enhancement treatment

The histograms before and after processing based on the Retinex algorithm are shown in FIG. 3, and the Retinex image enhancement can maintain the local characteristics of the original image to a certain extent, so that the processing effect is smooth and the defogging effect is good.

(2) Interpretation of rock mass structure information

The interpretation method of rock mass structure information in the developed platform is 3, namely linear group extraction, magnetic tracking extraction and morphological edge detection, the basic operation description of which is described in the above section, and only the processing effect is shown here (as shown in fig. 4 ~ 6).

(3) Statistical analysis of rock mass structure information

In a certain mileage section of the tunnel, the probability distribution functions of visible trace length, crack rate, spacing and structural surface density of the rock mass structural surface are shown in FIG. 7.

Advantageous effects

1. The method fully considers the differences of the spreading and the space forms of different rock mass structures, and can preferentially select a reasonable corresponding feature extraction algorithm according to the self features of the rock mass structures so as to obtain reliable and directly applicable rock mass structure data.

2. The method extracts the obtained data aiming at different rock mass structure characteristics, correspondingly adds rock mass structure information characterization indexes matched with the data and a solving algorithm, and can meet various requirements of users on statistics and analysis of fractured rock mass information.

3. The integrated platform design of the method is that the structure plane information extraction and statistical analysis integrated platform based on rock mass digital images special for tunnels and underground engineering is established, high integration and automation of rock mass structure information extraction and analysis in the tunnel and underground rock mass excavation process can be realized, manual operation is not needed, and the efficiency of geological logging and information acquisition is greatly improved.

4. The method has good coupling with Excel file formats, and supports searching for files with any extension names of xlsx and xls formats in a computer. The output, storage and statistical analysis of a large amount of rock mass structure information extraction data are simpler and more convenient, report files of a support format can be automatically output, and the post-processing module is friendly in manual interface.