阅读说明：本技术 一种微带环行器、隔离器及t/r组件 (Microstrip circulator, isolator and T/R assembly ) 是由 张如 谭斯克 何晨阳 满吉令 梁超 于 2019-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种微带环行器,可应用于隔离器以及微波通信中,尤其在T/R组件中使用量巨大,该微带环行器通过增加一块基板,且该基板的上表面设置有第一接地金属层和多个信号端,该基板的下表面设置有多个分别与第一接地金属层、各个信号端相对应呈电性连接的焊接区域；而且,微带环行器的中心导体的多个连接部分别与旋磁层的下表面设置的多个连接端一一对应且呈电性连接；将旋磁层设置在基板之上,使旋磁层的下表面与基板的上表面呈面对面设置,同时,第一接地金属层与第二接地金属层呈电性连接,连接端与信号端一一对应且呈电性连接。因此,本发明不仅能够通过基板实现与外部电路的表面贴装,还能通过该基板减小外力对旋磁体的冲击。(The invention discloses a micro-strip circulator which can be applied to isolators and microwave communication, and particularly has huge use amount in a T/R assembly, the micro-strip circulator is formed by adding a substrate, the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a first grounding metal layer and a plurality of signal ends, and the lower surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of welding areas which are respectively and electrically connected with the first grounding metal layer and each signal end correspondingly; moreover, a plurality of connecting parts of the central conductor of the microstrip circulator are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of connecting ends arranged on the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer and are electrically connected; the gyromagnetic layer is arranged on the substrate, the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer and the upper surface of the substrate are arranged face to face, meanwhile, the first grounding metal layer is electrically connected with the second grounding metal layer, and the connecting ends are in one-to-one correspondence with the signal ends and are electrically connected. Therefore, the present invention can not only realize surface mounting with an external circuit through the substrate, but also reduce the impact of external force on the gyromagnetic body through the substrate.)

1. A microstrip circulator comprises a gyromagnetic layer, a central conductor and a permanent magnet, wherein the central conductor is arranged on the upper surface of the gyromagnetic layer and provided with a plurality of connecting parts;

the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a first grounding metal layer and a plurality of signal ends which are insulated and isolated from the first grounding metal layer, and the lower surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of welding areas which are respectively and electrically connected with the first grounding metal layer and the signal ends correspondingly;

the lower surface of the magnetic rotating layer is provided with a second grounding metal layer and a plurality of connecting ends which correspond to the connecting parts one by one; the first grounding metal layer is insulated and isolated from the connecting end, and the corresponding connecting part is electrically connected with the connecting end;

the rotating magnetic layer is arranged on the substrate, and the lower surface of the rotating magnetic layer and the upper surface of the substrate are arranged in a face-to-face mode; and the first grounding metal layer is electrically connected with the second grounding metal layer, and the connecting ends are in one-to-one correspondence with the signal ends and are electrically connected with the signal ends.

2. The microstrip circulator of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a PCB or ceramic board.

3. The microstrip circulator of claim 1 wherein the gyromagnetic layer is provided with a plurality of metallized vias, the connecting portions being electrically connected to the corresponding connecting ends through the metallized vias.

4. The microstrip circulator of claim 1 wherein a side of the gyromagnetic layer is provided with a plurality of metalized grooves or metal connecting lines; each connecting part extends to the edge of the upper surface of the gyromagnetic layer and is electrically connected with the corresponding connecting end through the metallization groove or the metal connecting wire.

5. The microstrip circulator of any one of claims 1 to 4 further comprising a flux leveler; and the even magnetic sheet is arranged in a mounting hole formed on the upper surface of the substrate.

6. The microstrip circulator of claim 5 further comprising a dielectric slab; also, the dielectric sheet is disposed between the center conductor and the permanent magnet.

7. The microstrip circulator of claim 6 further comprising a temperature compensation plate; also, the temperature compensation sheet is disposed between the dielectric sheet and the permanent magnet.

8. The microstrip circulator of claim 5 wherein a magnetic shield is disposed on the permanent magnet.

9. An isolator comprising a microstrip circulator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and a load connected to one or more signal terminals of the microstrip circulator.

10. A T/R component, characterized in that, it comprises a microstrip circulator as claimed in claims 1-8, and a transceiver circuit connected to one or more signal terminals of the microstrip circulator.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of design and manufacture of circulators, and particularly relates to a microstrip circulator, an isolator and a T/R component using the microstrip circulator.

Background

The circulator is a non-reversible device with a plurality of ends, comprises a gyromagnetic body made of gyromagnetic materials, and the gyromagnetic materials generate gyromagnetic characteristics under the combined action of an external microwave magnetic field and a constant direct-current magnetic field, so that electromagnetic waves propagating in the gyromagnetic body are polarized and rotated, and the unidirectional transmission of high-frequency signal energy is realized, and the circulator is widely applied to the field of microwave communication. With the development of communication technology, the requirements for the circulator are higher and higher, for example, the circulator is required to be small in size and simple in process, and meanwhile, the circulator can meet the requirement for high integration.

At present, when the traditional circulator is applied, a manual welding or gold wire bonding mode is usually adopted to electrically connect the pins with the circuit on the PCB, so that the efficiency is low, and the requirement of high integration cannot be met. Although the prior circulator has been designed by Surface Mount Technology (SMT), in practice, when the circulator is subjected to strong external force and strong temperature impact, such as assembly, reflow soldering, and high-frequency energy transmission heating, the gyromagnetic body in the circulator is likely to crack if the gyromagnetic body is stressed unevenly or has a large difference in expansion coefficient from the PCB.

Therefore, there is a need to provide a microstrip circulator with a lower failure rate in a surface mount scenario.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to: the micro-strip circulator with a low failure rate in a surface mounting scene is provided, and the impact of external force on a gyromagnetic body is reduced by improving the structure of the existing surface-mounted circulator.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a microstrip circulator comprises a gyromagnetic layer, a central conductor and a permanent magnet, wherein the central conductor is arranged on the upper surface of the gyromagnetic layer and is provided with a plurality of connecting parts;

the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a first grounding metal layer and a plurality of signal ends which are insulated and isolated from the first grounding metal layer, and the lower surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of welding areas which are respectively and electrically connected with the first grounding metal layer and the signal ends correspondingly;

the lower surface of the magnetic rotating layer is provided with a second grounding metal layer and a plurality of connecting ends which correspond to the connecting parts one by one; the first grounding metal layer is insulated and isolated from the connecting end, and the corresponding connecting part is electrically connected with the connecting end;

the rotating magnetic layer is arranged on the substrate, and the lower surface of the rotating magnetic layer and the upper surface of the substrate are arranged in a face-to-face mode; and the first grounding metal layer is electrically connected with the second grounding metal layer, and the connecting ends are in one-to-one correspondence with the signal ends and are electrically connected with the signal ends.

The micro-strip circulator can play a role in buffering external force by adding the substrate, and reduce the impact of the external force on the rotating magnet.

Further objects of the invention are: the probability of gyromagnetic fracture of the circulator under strong temperature impact is reduced.

In the microstrip circulator of the present invention, preferably, the substrate is a PCB board or a ceramic board. When the external PCB generates strong temperature impact on the microstrip circulator, the deformation quantity is small because the thermal expansion coefficient of the base plate material is between the external circuit board and the gyromagnetic material, so that the internal stress under the strong temperature impact can be buffered, and the probability of gyromagnetic fracture of the circulator is reduced.

According to a specific embodiment, in the microstrip circulator of the present invention, the gyromagnetic layer is provided with a plurality of metalized vias, and the connection portions are electrically connected to the corresponding connection ends through the metalized vias.

According to a specific embodiment, in the microstrip circulator, a plurality of metalized grooves or metal connecting lines are arranged on the side edge of the gyromagnetic layer; each connecting part extends to the edge of the upper surface of the gyromagnetic layer and is electrically connected with the corresponding connecting end through the metallization groove or the metal connecting wire.

According to a specific embodiment, the microstrip circulator of the invention further comprises a magnetic homogenizing sheet; and the even magnetic sheet is arranged in a mounting hole formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The uniform magnetic sheet is arranged in the mounting hole of the substrate, which not only can improve the optimized magnetic circuit, but also can realize the miniaturization of the microstrip circulator.

According to a specific embodiment, the microstrip circulator of the invention further comprises a dielectric plate and a temperature compensation plate; the medium sheet is arranged between the central conductor and the permanent magnet, and the temperature compensation sheet is arranged between the medium sheet and the permanent magnet. A medium sheet is arranged between the central conductor and the permanent magnet, so that the gap between the central conductor and the permanent magnet can be adjusted, and a magnetic circuit is optimized; and a temperature compensation sheet is arranged between the central conductor and the permanent magnet, so that the temperature characteristic of the circulator is improved.

According to a specific embodiment, in the microstrip circulator of the invention, the permanent magnet is provided with a magnetic shield. The magnetic shielding cover is arranged on the permanent magnet, so that the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet is denser, and the interference of a leakage magnetic field to surrounding components is reduced.

The invention also provides an isolator which comprises the microstrip circulator and a load connected to one or more signal ends of the microstrip circulator.

The invention also provides a T/R component which comprises the microstrip circulator and a transceiver circuit connected to one or more signal ends of the microstrip circulator.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the micro-strip circulator is characterized in that a substrate is additionally arranged, the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a first grounding metal layer and a plurality of signal ends, and the lower surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of welding areas which are respectively and electrically connected with the first grounding metal layer and each signal end correspondingly; moreover, a plurality of connecting parts of the central conductor of the microstrip circulator are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of connecting ends arranged on the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer and are electrically connected; the gyromagnetic layer is arranged on the substrate, the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer and the upper surface of the substrate are arranged face to face, meanwhile, the first grounding metal layer is electrically connected with the second grounding metal layer, and the connecting ends are in one-to-one correspondence with the signal ends and are electrically connected. Therefore, the present invention can not only realize surface mounting with an external circuit through the substrate, but also reduce the impact of external force on the gyromagnetic body through the substrate.

2. In the micro-strip circulator, the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material is between the external circuit board and the gyromagnetic material, and if a PCB or a ceramic board is adopted, the internal stress under strong temperature impact can be buffered, so that the probability of gyromagnetic body fracture of the circulator is reduced.

3. In the micro-strip circulator, the substrate is also provided with the uniform magnetic sheet, and the uniform magnetic sheet is arranged in the mounting hole of the substrate, so that the optimized magnetic circuit can be improved, and the miniaturization of the micro-strip circulator can be realized. Meanwhile, through simulation experiments, the electrical performance index of the insertion loss of the microstrip circulator is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a microstrip circulator of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer of the microstrip circulator of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dielectric sheet for a microstrip circulator of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the microstrip circulator of the present invention with the additional magnetic homogenizing sheet;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the microstrip circulator of the present invention with the addition of a magnetic shielding shell.

List of reference numerals

10-substrate, 11 a-first signal terminal, 11 b-second signal terminal, 11 c-third signal terminal, 12-first grounding metal layer, mounting hole 13, 20-gyromagnetic layer, 21 a-first connecting terminal, 21 b-second connecting terminal, 21 c-third connecting terminal, 22-second grounding metal layer, 30-central conductor, 30 a-first connecting part, 30 b-second connecting part, 30 c-third connecting part, 40-permanent magnet, 50-medium sheet, 60-uniform magnetic sheet and 70-magnetic shield.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the microstrip circulator of the present invention includes a gyromagnetic layer 20, a central conductor 30 disposed on an upper surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20, and a permanent magnet 40 disposed above the central conductor 30. Meanwhile, a substrate 10 is also included.

The upper surface of the substrate 10 is provided with a first ground metal layer 12, a first signal terminal 11a, a second signal terminal 11b and a third signal terminal 11c, and the lower surface of the substrate 10 is provided with soldering regions corresponding to the first ground metal layer 12, the first signal terminal 11a, the second signal terminal 11b and the third signal terminal 11c, respectively. The first ground metal layer 12 is insulated and isolated from the first signal terminal 11a, the second signal terminal 11b and the third signal terminal 11c, and the first ground metal layer 12, the first signal terminal 11a, the second signal terminal 11b and the third signal terminal 11c are electrically connected to the corresponding soldering regions.

The central conductor 30 disposed on the upper surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20 includes a first connection portion 30a, a second connection portion 30b, and a third connection portion 30c, and the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20 includes a second ground metal layer 22 and a first connection end 21a, a second connection end 21b, and a third connection end 21c corresponding to the first connection portion 30a, the second connection portion 30b, and the third connection portion 30 c. The second ground metal layer 22 is insulated and isolated from the first connection end 21a, the second connection end 21b and the third connection end 21c, the corresponding first connection end 21a is electrically connected with the first connection portion 30a, the second connection end 21b is electrically connected with the second connection portion 30b, and the third connection end 21c is electrically connected with the third connection portion 30 c.

The gyromagnetic layer 20 is disposed on the substrate 10, the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20 and the upper surface of the substrate 10 are disposed in a face-to-face manner, the second ground metal layer 22 of the gyromagnetic layer 20 is electrically connected to the first ground metal layer 12 of the substrate 10, and the first connection end 21a, the second connection end 21b and the third connection end 21c are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with and electrically connected to the first signal end 11a, the second signal end 11b and the third signal end 11 c.

Specifically, in the present invention, the connection end of the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20 is electrically connected to the connection portion of the central conductor 30 disposed on the upper surface thereof, and the following methods can be adopted: the gyromagnetic layer 20 is provided with a corresponding number of metalized through holes, and the connecting parts are electrically connected with the corresponding connecting ends on the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20 through the metalized through holes. Or, a plurality of metallized grooves or metal connecting lines are arranged on the side of the gyromagnetic layer 20; moreover, each connection portion extends to the edge of the upper surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20 and is electrically connected with the corresponding connection end of the lower surface of the gyromagnetic layer 20 through a metalized groove or a metal connection line.

In the present invention, the first ground metal layer 12, the first signal terminal 11a, the second signal terminal 11b, the third signal terminal 11c and the corresponding soldering regions on the substrate 10 can be electrically connected through the metalized via holes on the substrate, or can be electrically connected through the metalized grooves or metal connecting wires on the side of the substrate 10.

When the micro-strip circulator is manufactured, the rotating magnetic layer and the grounding metal layer and the port on the substrate are printed with silver paste into corresponding patterns by adopting a printing process, and then the silver paste is sintered. The combination mode of the gyromagnetic layer and the substrate is that a layer of soldering paste is brushed on the surface of the gyromagnetic layer, then the gyromagnetic layer and the substrate are aligned, and then the gyromagnetic layer and the substrate are placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace or a reflow soldering machine for sintering.

Meanwhile, as will be known to those skilled in the art, the number of ports of the circulator depends on the shape design of the central conductor, i.e., the central conductor has a plurality of connecting portions, generally speaking, the number of ports of the circulator is three or more, and the specific number of ports depends on the actual product requirements.

In order to reduce the chance of gyromagnetic cracking of the circulator under strong temperature shock. In the microstrip circulator of the present invention, the substrate 10 is a PCB or ceramic board. Because the thermal expansion coefficient of the base plate material is between the external circuit board and the gyromagnetic material, the internal stress under strong temperature impact can be buffered, and the probability of gyromagnetic body fracture of the circulator is reduced.

As shown in fig. 3, the microstrip circulator of the present invention may further include a dielectric sheet 50 disposed between the central conductor 30 and the permanent magnet 40, so as to adjust the gap between the central conductor and the permanent magnet and optimize the magnetic circuit. Further, in order to improve the temperature characteristic of the circulator, the microstrip circulator of the present invention may further include a temperature compensation plate between the dielectric plate 50 and the permanent magnet 40, thereby improving the temperature characteristic of the circulator. In the invention, the medium sheet and the temperature compensation sheet are fixed in a bonding mode.

As shown in fig. 4, the microstrip circulator of the present invention further includes a shim 60. Specifically, the base plate 10 is provided with a mounting hole 13 for mounting the uniform magnetic sheet 60, the uniform magnetic sheet 60 is arranged in the mounting hole 13, the thickness of the uniform magnetic sheet 60 is matched with the depth of the mounting hole 13, and the mounting hole 13 is a blind hole. The installation hole 13 is arranged right opposite to the central conductor 30, and when the micro-strip circulator is assembled, the center of the medium sheet 50, the center of the permanent magnet 40 and the center of the uniform magnetic sheet 60 are ensured to have better contact ratio, so that the optimized magnetic circuit is improved, meanwhile, the increase of the thickness of the circulator is avoided, and the miniaturization of the micro-strip circulator is realized.

In this embodiment, corresponding plated through holes are respectively disposed at the positions of the first ground metal layer 12, the first signal terminal 11a, the second signal terminal 11b and the third signal terminal 11c on the substrate 10, and the first ground metal layer 12, the first signal terminal 11a, the second signal terminal 11b and the third signal terminal 11c are electrically connected to their corresponding soldering regions through the corresponding plated through holes, where the plated through holes disposed at the position of the first ground metal layer 12 are not shown in fig. 4. In addition, the material of the even magnetic sheet in the invention can adopt iron or other strong magnetic materials. Furthermore, the even magnetic sheet is fixed in the mounting hole of the substrate in an adhesion mode.

The performance of the invention was tested by simulation experiments with frequency range, insertion loss, reverse isolation and voltage standing wave ratio.

	Increase even magnetic sheet	Non-increasing uniform magnetic sheet
			Frequency of	3.3～3.9GHz	3.35～3.7GHz
Insertion loss	0.27dB	0.36dB
			Reverse isolation	24.1dB	22.5dB
Voltage standing wave ratio	1.15	1.18

Further, in order to further improve the magnetization characteristic of the circulator, as shown in fig. 5, a magnetic shield 70 is provided on the permanent magnet 40. Therefore, the magnetic circuit diffusion of the permanent magnet is avoided, the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet is more densely concentrated in the circulator, and meanwhile, the interference of a leakage magnetic field to surrounding components is reduced.

In addition, the invention also provides an isolator which comprises the microstrip circulator and a load electrically connected with one or more signal ends of the microstrip circulator. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a T/R component which comprises the microstrip circulator and a transceiver circuit electrically connected with one or more signal ends of the microstrip circulator.

Those skilled in the art can use the microstrip circulator of the present invention in combination with corresponding components and circuit modules to form products for specific applications, such as isolators and T/R assemblies, which are not described herein again.