阅读说明：本技术 发射保护装置和用于运行负载的方法 (Launch protection device and method for operating a load ) 是由 J.胡贝 M.库巴克 P.克拉利切克 于 2018-03-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种发射保护装置(20a、20b),该发射保护装置具有：信号产生机构(20a),所述信号产生机构被设计用于为至少一个通过至少一根导体(30)传递给负载(22)的电信号-借助于所述电信号能够接通所述负载(22)并且/或者能够给其通电-产生至少一个电输出信号,所述至少一个电输出信号与所述至少一个电信号相比相移了180°；以及发送结构(20b),所述发送结构如此与所述信号产生机构(20a)相连接,使得所述发送结构(20b)能够借助于所述至少一个电输出信号来激励,以用于发出电磁场。同样,本发明涉及一种用于负载的桥式驱动器、一种用于负载的控制机构以及一种负载。此外,本发明涉及一种用于通过以下步骤来运行负载的方法,所述步骤是：借助于至少一个电信号来接通负载(22)并且/或者给其通电；产生至少一个电输出信号；并且用所述至少一个电输出信号来激励所述发送结构(20b),以用于发出电磁场。(The invention relates to an emission protection device (20 a, 20 b) comprising: a signal generating means (20 a) which is designed to generate at least one electrical output signal for at least one electrical signal which is transmitted to a load (22) via at least one conductor (30), by means of which the load (22) can be switched on and/or can be supplied with current, the at least one electrical output signal being phase-shifted by 180 ° compared to the at least one electrical signal; and a transmitting structure (20 b) which is connected to the signal generating means (20 a) in such a way that the transmitting structure (20 b) can be excited by means of the at least one electrical output signal for emitting an electromagnetic field. The invention also relates to a bridge driver for a load, to a control mechanism for a load and to a load. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a load by the following steps: -switching on and/or switching on a load (22) by means of at least one electrical signal; generating at least one electrical output signal; and exciting the transmitting structure (20 b) with the at least one electrical output signal for emitting an electromagnetic field.)

1. An emission protection device (20 a, 20 b) comprises:

a signal generating means (20 a) which is designed to generate at least one electrical output signal for at least one electrical signal which is transmitted to a load (22) via at least one conductor (30), wherein the load (22) can be switched on and/or energized by means of the electrical signal, the at least one electrical output signal being phase-shifted by 180 ° compared to the at least one electrical signal; and

a transmitting structure (20 b) which is connected to the signal generating means (20 a) in such a way that the transmitting structure (20 b) can be excited by means of the at least one electrical output signal for emitting an electromagnetic field.

2. The emission protection device (20 a, 20 b) according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnetic interference field emitted by at least one metallic surface of the load (22) and/or an electronic component (26, 28, 30) connected to the load (22) or adjacent to the load (22) due to excitation of the at least one metallic surface by means of the at least one electrical signal can be at least partially attenuated or eliminated by means of an electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting structure (20 b).

3. The emission protection device (20 a, 20 b) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal generating means (20 a) each have, for at least one conductor (30), a high-side MOSFET (34) and a low-side MOSFET (36) which are each arranged on the assigned conductor (30) in such a way that at least one electrical signal which is transmitted via the at least one conductor (30) to the load (22) generates at least one electrical output signal which is phase-shifted by 180 ° relative thereto.

4. The transmission protection device (20 a, 20B) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal generating means (20 a) has a B6 bridge, to which three phase lines (U, V, W) are respectively connected as the at least one conductor (30) such that the at least one electrical signal transmitted to the load (22) via the three phase lines (U, V, W) generates at least one electrical output signal phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect thereto.

5. The emission protection device (20 a, 20 b) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal generating means (20 a) each have a high-side MOSFET (34) and a diode for the at least one conductor (30), which are each connected to the assigned conductor (30) in such a way that the at least one electrical signal transmitted to the load (22) via the at least one conductor (30) generates at least one electrical output signal phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect thereto.

6. Bridge driver (28) for a load (22) with an emission protection device (20 a, 20 b) according to any of the preceding claims.

7. Control means (28) for a load (22) having a launch protection device (20 a, 20 b) according to any of claims 1 to 5.

8. Load (22) having an emission protection device (20 a, 20 b) according to any of claims 1 to 5.

9. The load (22) according to claim 8, wherein the load (22) is a motor (22), a valve, a lighting mechanism and/or an electronic device.

10. The load (22) according to claim 8, wherein the load (22) is mountable or mounted on a vehicle.

11. The load (22) of claim 9, wherein the load (22) is an electric brake booster motor, a pump motor, or a brake system valve.

12. Method for operating a load (22), comprising the following steps:

switching on and/or energizing (S1) the load (22) by means of at least one electrical signal transmitted to the load (22) via the at least one conductor (30);

generating at least one electrical output signal that is phase-shifted by 180 ° compared to the at least one electrical signal (S2); and is

-exciting the transmitting structure (20 b) with the at least one electrical output signal for emitting an electromagnetic field (S3).

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one electrical output signal is generated having an output signal amplitude that is the same as the signal amplitude of the assigned at least one electrical signal.

14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein an electromagnetic interference field emitted by at least one metallic surface of the load (22) and/or an electronic component (26, 28, 30) connected to the load (22) or adjacent to the load (22) as a result of excitation of the at least one metallic surface by means of the at least one electrical signal can be at least partially attenuated or eliminated by means of an electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting structure (20 b).

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the transmitting structure (20 b) is excited for emitting an electromagnetic field having a compensating strength which is the same as the strength of the electromagnetic interference field.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a launch protection device. The invention also relates to a bridge driver for a load, a control mechanism for a load and a load. The invention further relates to a method for operating a load.

Background

Fig. 1a to 1c show schematic diagrams of a conventional load and a coordinate system for explaining the manner of processing according to the standard for operating a load according to the prior art.

A conventional load 10, which is schematically illustrated in fig. 1a, is operated by means of a control mechanism 14 arranged on a circuit board 12. To this end, the load 10 is connected to the control mechanism 14 via three phase lines U, V and W. The electrical signal S is plotted in the coordinate system of FIG. 1b_u、S_vAnd S_wElectrical signals are transmitted to load 10 via phase lines U, V and W and switch on and/or energize load 10 by means of the electrical signals, wherein the abscissa is time axis t and the ordinate is voltage U (in volts). (e.g., an electric signal S)_u、S_vAnd S_wCan be 12 volts. )

However, the electrical signal S_u、S_vAnd S_wThe manipulation, switching on and/or energization of the load 10 may generate undesirable electromagnetic interference fields. For example, assemblies 10 to 14 and/or phase lines U, V and W toAt least one of the metal surfaces may be excited for emitting an electromagnetic interference field. (this fact is known to the applicant as internal prior art). As is schematically illustrated in fig. 1a, the receiving antenna 16 may be excited by an electromagnetic interference field which is triggered in an undesirable manner by the operation of the load 10. In fig. 1a, "coupling capacitance" C between phase lines U, V and W and receiving antenna 16_u、C_vAnd C_wThe excitation for the receive antenna is shown. Interference signal S received by receiving antenna 16_mistakeIs plotted into the coordinate system of fig. 1C, wherein the abscissa of the coordinate system shows the time axis t and the ordinate thereof shows the voltage U (in volts).

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a fire protection device having the features of claim 1, a bridge driver for a load having the features of claim 6, a control mechanism for a load having the features of claim 7, a load having the features of claim 8 and a method for operating a load having the features of claim 12.

The invention provides a possibility for generating an electromagnetic field which can at least partially attenuate/cancel the electromagnetic interference field as a counter field to the electromagnetic interference field generated in an undesirable manner when operating a load. This can also be described as an at least partial compensation of the electromagnetic interference field emitted in an undesired manner by means of the electromagnetic field induced according to the invention as a counter field. Thus, undesirable consequences of electromagnetic interference fields resulting from the operation of the load, such as the reception of interference signals, for example, by means of a receiving antenna, do not have to be tolerated when using the invention. The invention thus contributes to an improved protection/emission protection against electromagnetic interference fields.

It is explicitly pointed out that the present invention achieves its advantageous protective action/emission protection without a metallic shield/protective shield. Thus, the conventional disadvantages of using metallic shields/protective shields are eliminated when applying the present invention. In addition, the invention enables advantageous emission protection even if large/large-area metal surfaces are excited for emitting electromagnetic interference fields by means of at least one electrical signal for controlling, switching on and/or energizing the load. The need for reducing at least one metal surface emitting an interference field is thus eliminated. Since the invention also achieves its advantages when using more electrical signals and/or at least one electrical signal with a higher signal amplitude for controlling, switching on and/or energizing a load, it is also not necessary to reduce the motor control when using the invention.

In an advantageous embodiment of the emission protection device, an electromagnetic interference field emitted by the load and/or at least one metal surface of an electronic component connected to or adjacent to the load as a result of excitation of the at least one metal surface by means of at least one electrical signal can be at least partially reduced or eliminated by means of an electromagnetic field emitted by the transmission structure. "at least partially attenuating an electromagnetic interference field emitted in an undesired manner by means of an electromagnetic field (as a counter field)" can also mean at least partial cancellation of the electromagnetic interference field or at least partial "negative interference" of the electromagnetic interference field. The consequences of an electromagnetic interference field emitted in an undesirable manner are therefore not to be tolerated/hardly tolerated.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the emission protection device, the signal generating means for the at least one conductor each have a high-side MOSFET and a low-side MOSFET, which are each connected to the associated conductor in such a way that at least one electrical signal transmitted to the load via the at least one conductor generates at least one electrical output signal phase-shifted by 180 ° relative thereto. Thus, also passive signal generation can be used to generate at least one output signal. In addition, relatively inexpensive components can be used for passive signal generation. Further design possibilities for the signal generating means are the design of their MOSFETs with or without freewheeling diodes (high-side MOSFET/low-side MOSFET) only and the design with active or passive freewheeling means (Freilauf).

For example, the signal generating means can also have a B6 bridge, to which three phase lines are connected as at least one conductor in each case in such a way that at least one electrical signal transmitted to the load via the three phase lines generates an electrical output signal that is phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect thereto. In addition to the advantage of passive signal generation by means of at least one cost-effective component, the signal generating means in the embodiment of the transmission protection device described here can also be provided with a smaller installation space requirement.

Alternatively, the signal generating means for at least one conductor each have a high-side MOSFET and a diode, which are each connected to the associated conductor in such a way that at least one electrical signal transmitted to the load via the at least one conductor generates at least one electrical output signal phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect thereto. Such an alternative embodiment of the transmission protection device is also suitable for passive signal generation and can be designed relatively cost-effectively.

The advantages described above are also achieved in a bridge driver for a load or in a control mechanism for a load with such an emission protection device.

Likewise, a load with a corresponding launch protection device also achieves the advantages explained above. The load can be, for example, a motor, a valve, a lighting device and/or an electronic device. It is also advantageous that the load can be mounted or mounted on the vehicle. For example, the load can be an electric brake booster motor, a pump motor or a brake system valve. It is to be noted, however, that the embodiments listed here for the load should only be construed exemplarily.

In addition, the corresponding implementation of the method for operating a load also offers the advantages already described above. It is explicitly pointed out that the method can be improved according to the above-described embodiments of the launch protection device, the bridge driver for the load, the control mechanism for the load and/or the load.

Drawings

Further features and advantages of the invention are explained below with the aid of the figures. Wherein:

fig. 1a to 1c show schematic diagrams of a conventional load and a coordinate system for explaining the manner of processing according to the standard for operating a load according to the prior art;

fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of an emission protection device;

fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of the launch protection device;

fig. 4a and 4b show schematic partial representations of a third embodiment of an emission protection device; and is

Fig. 5 shows a flow chart for explaining an embodiment of a method for operating a load.

Detailed Description

Fig. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of the emission protection device.

The firing protectors 20a and 20b, which are schematically shown in fig. 2, are configured to cooperate with a motor 22 as a load 22. The motor 22 is illustratively a Brushless Direct current motor 22 (BLDC), particularly a Brushless three-phase motor 22 designed for timed motor operation. However, it is noted that the availability of the launch protection devices 20a and 20b explained below is not limited to the design of the load 22 as a motor 22. For example, the emission protection devices 20a and 20b can also be used for loads 22, which are valves, lighting devices (for example, devices having at least one light-emitting diode) and/or electronic devices, such as, in particular, household appliances, material processing devices (for example, electric saws) and/or high-power devices. The emission protection devices 20a and 20b can therefore be used in many ways. It is further noted that the examples listed herein for constructing the load 22 should be construed merely as exemplary.

It is particularly advantageous to use the launch protection devices 20a and 20b for loads 22 mounted on the vehicle/motor vehicle. Just when the load 22 is used on/in a vehicle/motor vehicle, it is often advantageous that at least one vehicle component 24 which reacts sensitively to electromagnetic interference fields, such as, for example, the receiving antenna 24 shown in fig. 2, can be used without disadvantages in a position relatively close to the load 22 due to the advantageous use of the transmission protection means 20a and 20b for at least partially eliminating electromagnetic interference fields. The load 22 is therefore advantageously an electric brake booster motor, a pump motor or a brake system valve, for example. However, it is noted that the usability of the emission protection devices 20a and 20b is not limited to the loads 22 that can be mounted/installed in/on the vehicle/automobile.

In the embodiment of fig. 2, the load 22 is operated by a control mechanism 28 disposed on a circuit board 26. For example, the control mechanism 28 can be a bridge driver 28. To this end, the load 22 is connected to the control unit 28 via at least one conductor 30, such as, for example, at least one metal conductor 30. The load 22 of fig. 2 is connected to the control mechanism 28 by way of example only via three phase lines U, V and W as at least one conductor 30. At least one electrical signal is transmitted via at least one conductor 30 to the load 22, by means of which electrical signal the load 22 can be switched on/switched on and/or can be switched on/switched on.

However, the use of the circuit board 26 should only be construed exemplarily. As an alternative to the circuit board 26, for example, a punched grid or the like can also be used. Likewise, the arrangement of the control device 28 on such components can also be dispensed with.

The transmission protection devices 20a and 20b have a signal generating means 20a which is designed to: for at least one electrical signal which is transmitted to the load 22 via at least one conductor 30, by means of which the load 22 is switched on and/or energized, at least one electrical output signal is generated which is phase-shifted by 180 ° compared to the at least one electrical signal. The at least one output signal can also be described as at least one compensation signal for at least one electrical signal delivered to the load 22 via the at least one conductor 30. The signal generating means 20a is designed to generate the at least one output signal/compensation signal in such a way that the "addition" of the at least one electrical signal for actuating, switching on and/or energizing the load 22 to the at least one output signal/compensation signal (phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect to the aforementioned electrical signal) causes at least a reduction/partial suppression of the at least one electrical signal. Preferably, the at least one output signal/compensation signal can be generated/generated by means of the signal generating means 20a in such a way that the "addition" of the at least one electrical signal for actuating, switching on and/or energizing the load 22 to the at least one output signal/compensation signal (phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect to the aforementioned electrical signal) results in a "zero signal" (having a maximum signal amplitude of almost zero). The at least one output signal/compensation signal can thus have an output signal amplitude which is equal to the signal amplitude of the assigned at least one electrical signal (the transport signal/compensation signal is phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect to the electrical signal). The "addition" of at least one electrical signal for controlling, switching on and/or energizing the load 22 to at least one output signal/compensation signal (phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect to the aforementioned electrical signal) leads in this case to a "cancellation" or a "complete compensation" of the at least one electrical signal.

Furthermore, the transmission protection devices 20a and 20b have a transmission structure 20b, which is connected to the signal generating means 20a in such a way that the transmission structure 20b can be excited by means of at least one electrical output signal for emitting an electromagnetic field. The signal generating means 20a is preferably connected to the transmitting structure 20b in such a way that at least one electrical output signal phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect to the at least one electrical signal can be supplied/can be output to the transmitting structure 20 b.

The electromagnetic interference field emitted by at least one metal surface as a result of the excitation of said at least one surface by means of at least one electrical signal is also schematically illustrated in fig. 2 by means of "coupling capacitances" Cu, Cv and Cw. At least one metallic surface emitting an electromagnetic interference field can be connected to the load 22 and/or to an electronic component 26 to 30 (such as, for example, a circuit board 26, a control mechanism 28, and/or at least one metallic conductor 30) connected to the load 22 or adjacent to the load 22. Likewise, the electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting structure 20b is assisted by the "compensation-coupling capacitance" C_compAre shown schematically. The electromagnetic interference field can be at least partially attenuated by means of the electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting structure 20 b. Thus, with the aid of the emission protection means 20a and 20b, it is possible to implement a cost-effective manner and alsoSpurious emissions are reliably attenuated (St ö transmission), preferably the electromagnetic interference field can be (almost) cancelled by means of the electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting structure 20b, the electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting structure 20b is usually phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect to the electromagnetic interference field and therefore acts as a counter field with the electromagnetic interference field.

In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 2, signal-generating means 20a is integrated into control means 28, while transmitting structure 20b is formed, for example, directly on printed circuit board 26, signal-generating means 20a being connected to transmitting structure 20b via output signal conductor 32. However, the separate configurations of the signal generating means 20a and the emitting means 20b, which are shown in fig. 2, should only be explained exemplarily.

The at least one output signal/compensation signal can be generated by at least one passive component of the signal generating means 20a and/or at least one active component of the signal generating means 20a with a phase shift of 180 ° compared to the at least one electrical signal. Advantageous possibilities for forming the signal generating means 20a are also discussed below.

As the transmission structure 20b, for example, a simple metal surface can be used. A structure formed of at least one conductive material that is not uniform can also be used for the transmitting structure 20 b. For example, a cooling device (already present) can be used as the transmitting structure 20 b. The transmitting structure 20b can therefore be configured as a transmitting antenna, but is not necessary.

Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic partial illustration of a second embodiment of an emission protection device.

In the transmission protection devices 20a and 20b, which are partially schematically illustrated in fig. 3, the signal generating means 20a has a high-side MOSFET 34 and a low-side MOSFET 36 for at least one conductor 30, respectively. The MOSFETs 34 and 36 of the signal generating means 20a are each connected to the associated conductor 30 in such a way that at least one electrical signal transmitted via the at least one conductor 30 to the load 22 (not shown) generates (automatically) (together) at least one electrical output signal phase-shifted by 180 ° relative thereto. The high side steering signal is output to the gate G of the high side MOSFET 34 via conductor 38. Accordingly, the low side steering signal is output to the gate G of the low side MOSFET 36 via conductor 40. Between the drain D of the high-side MOSFET 34 and the source S of the adjacent low-side MOSFET 36, an electrical signal can be tapped.

The signal generating means 20a of fig. 3 is designed for "passive signal generation". For this purpose, the following are used: the low-side steering signal of the respective low-side MOSFET 36 is automatically phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect to the respective electrical signal. The electrical output signals are "summed" into an overall output signal, "scaled" and passed to the transmit structure 20b through the nodes between the resistors R1-R3 and the other resistor R4.

The high-side MOSFET 34 and the low-side MOSFET 36 can be configured, for example, as a B6 bridge. In this case, three phase lines U, V and W (as at least one conductor 30) are connected in the B6 bridge in such a way that at least one electrical signal transmitted to load 22 via three phase lines U, V and W produces at least one electrical output signal phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect thereto.

Fig. 4a and 4b show schematic partial representations of a third embodiment of an emission protection device.

The signal generating means 20a shown in fig. 4a has an electronic unit 42 (in addition to a high-side driver, not shown, and a low-side driver, not shown) which is integrated into the control means 28, which is formed as a bridge driver 28. The block diagram shown in fig. 4b shows the integrated electronics unit 42. The logic signals of the low-side U-phase, low-side V-phase and low-side W-phase are supplied to a component 44 for delay adjustment, a component 46 for rise/fall time adjustment, an adder 48 and a signal strength converter 50 for amplification/attenuation (with a supply voltage of, for example, 12V, 24V or 48V), thereby obtaining an overall output signal. The parameters of the B6 bridge or of the integrated electronics unit 42 can be set via the communication bus in such a way that they are adapted to the current application and cause at least a partial reduction of the electromagnetic interference field (possibly complete elimination/cancellation of the electromagnetic interference field).

In an alternative embodiment of the transmission protection devices 20a and 20b, the signal generating means 20a each have a high-side MOSFET 34 and a diode for at least one conductor 30, which are each connected to the associated conductor 30 in such a way that at least one electrical signal transmitted via the at least one conductor 30 to the load 22 generates at least one electrical output signal that is phase-shifted by 180 ° with respect thereto. Thus, at least one diode can also be used instead of the at least one low-side MOSFET 36. Further design possibilities for the signal generating means are the design of their MOSFETs with or without freewheeling diodes (high-side MOSFET/low-side MOSFET) only and the design with active or passive freewheeling means (Freilauf).

The " emission protection devices 20a and 20b described above" can also be emission abatement devices, respectively. The above-described advantages of the protective devices 20a and 20b are also ensured in the control unit 28 (e.g., bridge driver 28) thus formed and in the load 22 thus equipped. Advantageous embodiments for load 22 have been listed above.

Fig. 5 shows a flow chart for explaining an embodiment of a method for operating a load.

In a method step S1, the load is switched on and/or energized by means of at least one electrical signal which is transmitted to the load via at least one conductor. Method step S1 can be repeated at any frequency during the operation of the load.

Method steps S2 and S3 are also always carried out together with method step S1. In method step S2, at least one electrical output signal is generated, which is phase-shifted by 180 ° compared to the at least one electrical signal. Preferably, the generated at least one electrical output signal has the same output signal amplitude (and corresponding "scaling") as the signal amplitude of the assigned at least one electrical signal.

In a method step S3, the transmitting structure is excited with at least one electrical output signal for emitting an electromagnetic field. As soon as the motor phase is transmitted in method step S1 by means of at least one electrical signal, the sensor arrangement is excited/controlled in the opposite direction with respect to the motor phase.

It is taken into account by the execution of method steps S2 and S3 that the execution of method step S1 generally emits an electromagnetic interference field from at least one metallic surface of the load and/or from an electronic component connected to the load or adjacent to the load (as a result of the excitation of the at least one metallic surface by means of at least one electrical signal). However, by the execution of method steps S2 and S3, the electromagnetic interference field is at least partially attenuated or eliminated by means of the electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting structure.

The method described above works well for eliminating transmission problems (especially in the lower frequency range). Above, advantageous embodiments for a load suitable for performing the method have been listed.

In method step S3, the transmitting structure is preferably excited for emitting an electromagnetic field with a compensation intensity that is the same as the intensity of the electromagnetic interference field. This results in a complete cancellation of the electromagnetic interference field.