阅读说明：本技术 一种茄子育苗专用缓释基质及其制备方法 (Special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling culture and preparation method thereof ) 是由 郭延乐 梁演扬 乔涵驰 高洪宇 王磊 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种茄子育苗专用缓释基质及其制备方法,将草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩按照一定比例混配后,再按照一定的比例混合加入脲甲醛、聚磷酸铵、腐殖酸,并辅以少量速效肥料,混合后均匀润湿基质,水分不宜过多,并添加常用杀菌剂等物质,充分混合后得到养分全面均衡的茄子育苗专用缓释基质,可保证茄子苗期(80～100天)的养分均衡且持续供给。同时,亦可通过机械挤压,制备茄子育苗专用缓释基质模块,具有良好的保水保肥能力,适宜茄子幼苗生长。(The invention discloses a special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling raising and a preparation method thereof, wherein turf, vermiculite and perlite are mixed according to a certain proportion, urea formaldehyde, ammonium polyphosphate and humic acid are mixed according to a certain proportion, a small amount of quick-acting fertilizer is supplemented, the matrix is uniformly wetted after mixing, the moisture is not excessive, substances such as common bactericides and the like are added, the special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling raising with comprehensive and balanced nutrients is obtained after full mixing, and balanced and continuous supply of the nutrients in the eggplant seedling stage (80-100 days) can be ensured. Meanwhile, the special slow-release matrix module for eggplant seedling culture can be prepared by mechanical extrusion, has good water and fertilizer retention capacity, and is suitable for eggplant seedling growth.)

1. The special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling culture is characterized by comprising the following components:

a base matrix formed by mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of (1-2) to (1-2);

urea formaldehyde accounting for 1-5% of the mass of the basic matrix;

ammonium polyphosphate accounting for 1-5% of the mass of the basic matrix;

humic acid accounting for 1-6% of the mass of the basic matrix;

a quick-acting compound fertilizer accounting for 0.3-0.8% of the mass of the basic matrix;

water accounting for 3-5% of the mass of the basic matrix;

and 25-200 g of bactericide is sprayed on the base matrix per cubic meter.

2. The slow-release matrix special for eggplant seedling cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fast-acting compound fertilizer is a Sanan compound fertilizer of Standly agricultural group, Inc. or a fast-acting compound fertilizer of Jinzheng Dai group.

3. The special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide is any one of a formaldehyde solution, a chlorothalonil solution, a zineb solution and a thiram solution.

4. The preparation method of the special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling raising as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a proportion to obtain a mixed basic matrix;

(2) adding urea formaldehyde, ammonium polyphosphate and humic acid into the base matrix mixed in the step (1) in sequence, and adding a quick-acting compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing;

(3) and (3) after mixing, adding water to uniformly wet the substrate, preparing the bactericide into a solution, and uniformly spraying the solution on the surface of the substrate to obtain the bactericide.

5. The preparation method of the special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling culture according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the urea formaldehyde, the ammonium polyphosphate and the humic acid are powder with a particle fineness of 10-60 meshes.

6. The preparation method of the special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling raising according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the bactericide is diluted into a bactericide solution by using water with the volume of 40-80 times.

7. The preparation method of the special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling culture as claimed in claim 4, further comprising the step (4) of mechanically extruding the mixed matrix obtained in the step (3) to obtain a dense slow-release matrix block with certain strength.

8. The preparation method of the special eggplant seedling-raising slow-release matrix according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical extrusion is performed under a pressure of 0.2-1 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling raising and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Eggplant is one of common and well-liked vegetables, and has rich protein, fat, vitamins, carbohydrates, phosphorus, iron, calcium and other nutrient components.

When the eggplants are cultivated in early spring, most of the seedlings need 80-100 days in age regardless of the protected area or open-air production; meanwhile, when the seeds are placed in a seedling culture substrate for culture, sufficient and comprehensive nutrients are needed for crop growth. According to the law of plant nutrition, the critical period of crop nutrition refers to the period when certain nutrient is deficient, too much or improper in proportion, and the most influences are exerted on crops; most of the period of time appears in the early stage of crop growth, and the same is true for eggplant seedling culture, so that the key point is how to prepare a substrate which is suitable for the growth of the eggplant seedling stage and has balanced and continuous nutrient supply. However, when the common quick-acting fertilizer is applied to a substrate, the nutrient validity period of the fertilizer is generally short and easy to run off along with water, the nutrient supply in the later period of a seedling raising period of 80-100 days cannot be continuously met, and the problems of time and labor waste and the like exist in the later period of topdressing.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling raising, which can ensure balanced and continuous supply of nutrients in the eggplant seedling stage and produce strong eggplant seedlings with good physiological shape.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling culture comprises the following components:

a base matrix formed by mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of (1-2) to (1-2);

urea formaldehyde accounting for 1-5% of the mass of the basic matrix;

ammonium polyphosphate accounting for 1-5% of the mass of the basic matrix;

humic acid accounting for 1-6% of the mass of the basic matrix;

a quick-acting compound fertilizer accounting for 0.3-0.8% of the mass of the basic matrix;

water accounting for 3-5% of the mass of the basic matrix;

and 25-200 g of bactericide is sprayed on the base matrix per cubic meter.

The urea formaldehyde has the functions of providing good bonding effect and providing slow-release nitrogen elements necessary for the growth of crops; the ammonium polyphosphate has the functions of providing a good bonding effect and providing slow-release nitrogen and phosphorus elements necessary for the growth of crops; the humic acid has the functions of providing good bonding effect, providing organic matters necessary for the growth of crops, chelating elements and improving the soil fertility by the synergistic action of the humic acid and the potash fertilizer so as to promote the growth of the crops. .

Preferably, the addition amount of the urea formaldehyde is 3-5 wt%; the addition amount of ammonium polyphosphate is 2-4 wt%; the addition amount of humic acid is 2-5 wt%.

Specifically, the quick-acting compound fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, Sanan compound fertilizer (total nutrient: 54% 18-18-18) of Standby agricultural group, Inc., or quick-acting compound fertilizer (total nutrient: 51% 17-17-17) of Jinzheng Dai group. The quick-acting compound fertilizer supplies mineral nutrition necessary for the growth prophase of crops.

The bactericide is any one of formaldehyde solution, chlorothalonil solution, zineb solution or thiram solution. The bactericide has the functions of eliminating harmful bacteria, worm eggs and the like in the raw materials and reducing the possibility of occurrence of soil-borne diseases during seedling raising.

Further, the invention provides a preparation method of the special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling culture, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a proportion to obtain a mixed basic matrix;

(2) adding urea formaldehyde, ammonium polyphosphate and humic acid into the base matrix mixed in the step (1) in sequence, and adding a quick-acting compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing;

(3) and (3) after mixing, adding water to uniformly wet the substrate, preparing the bactericide into a solution, and uniformly spraying the solution on the surface of the substrate to obtain the bactericide.

Preferably, in the step (2), the ureaformaldehyde, the ammonium polyphosphate and the humic acid are powder, and the particle fineness is 10-60 meshes.

Preferably, in the step (3), the bactericide is diluted into a bactericide solution by using water with the volume of 40-80 times.

Furthermore, the method also comprises a step (4), wherein the mixed matrix obtained in the step (3) is mechanically extruded to obtain a dense slow-release matrix block with certain strength so as to enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the mixed matrix, and meanwhile, the method is suitable for realizing mechanized transplanting of modern agricultural machinery equipment and greatly improves the agricultural production efficiency.

Preferably, the pressure adopted by the mechanical extrusion is 0.2-1 MPa.

Has the advantages that:

the special slow-release matrix for eggplant seedling culture, which is prepared by the invention, has wide sources of preparation raw materials, and is easy to master and simple and easy to implement; the obtained substrate has balanced nutrients and quick and slow effects, can ensure the nutrient supply of the whole eggplant seedling stage (80-100 days), does not need late topdressing in one-time preparation, saves time and labor, and ensures that the produced eggplant seedlings are healthy and strong and have good physiological shape; the process provides product and technical reference for eggplant seedling raising, and has important practical significance and wide application prospect.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method of preparing a sustained release matrix of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be better understood from the following examples.

The structures, proportions, and dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the skilled in the art. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the relative positions may be changed or adjusted without substantial technical changes.