阅读说明：本技术 一种建筑单元及包含该建筑单元的***中高层住宅设计 (Building unit and fourth-generation medium-high-rise residential design comprising same ) 是由 黄晓家 张超 王小军 吴懂礼 于水静 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种用于第四代中高层住宅设计的建筑单元,包括：第一住宅建筑部分、第二住宅建筑部分、第三住宅建筑部分和汽车库建筑部分；第一和第二住宅建筑部分分别位于汽车库建筑部分的上部两侧,第三住宅建筑部分位于汽车库建筑部分之下；汽车库建筑部分从上而下依次包括车载电梯部分、防火区及汽车库部分；防火区位于汽车库部分和车载电梯部分之间,在防火区与汽车库部分的交界处设置有第一防火卷帘；第一和第二住宅建筑部分仅与车载电梯部分和防火区相邻,且与防火区相连通；第三住宅建筑部分仅与汽车库部分相邻,且在二者之间设置有防火墙及多个第一防火门；第一、第二和第三住宅建筑部分中每一户均设置有露台或庭院,其中种植有植物。(The present invention provides a building unit for a fourth generation medium to high residential design, comprising: a first residential building section, a second residential building section, a third residential building section, and a garage building section; the first and second residential building sections are located at both upper sides of the garage building section, respectively, and the third residential building section is located below the garage building section; the garage building part sequentially comprises a vehicle-mounted elevator part, a fire prevention area and a garage part from top to bottom; the fireproof area is positioned between the garage part and the vehicle-mounted elevator part, and a first fireproof roller shutter is arranged at the junction of the fireproof area and the garage part; the first and second residential building portions are adjacent only to the on-board elevator portion and the fire protected area and are in communication with the fire protected area; the third residential building part is only adjacent to the garage part, and a firewall and a plurality of first fireproof doors are arranged between the third residential building part and the garage part; each of the first, second and third residential building sections is provided with a terrace or yard in which plants are planted.)

1. A building unit for a fourth generation medium to high rise dwelling design, the building unit comprising, in plan view: a first residential building section (100), a second residential building section (200), a third residential building section (300), and a garage building section (400); the first residential building section and the second residential building section are respectively located on both sides of the upper part of the garage building section (400), and the third residential building section is located below the garage building section (400);

the garage building part (400) sequentially comprises a vehicle-mounted elevator part (410), a fire prevention area (420) and a garage part (430) from top to bottom; the car elevator part (410) comprises a plurality of car elevators (411) arranged in parallel; the fireproof area (420) is positioned between the garage part (430) and the on-board elevator part (410), and a first fireproof roller shutter (421) is arranged at the junction of the fireproof area (420) and the garage part (430);

the first residential building portion (100) and the second residential building portion (200) are adjacent only to the on-board elevator portion (410) and the fire protected area (420) of the garage building portion and are in communication with the fire protected area (420); a third residential building section (300) is adjacent only to a garage section (430) of the garage building section and has disposed therebetween a firewall 310 and a plurality of first fire doors (320);

in the third residential building section (300), a triple front room (330) adjacent to the garage section (430), a scissors staircase (340), and a second front room (350) are provided, wherein the triple front room (330) includes a first front room (331) adjacent to the garage section (430) and a common front room (332), and a second fire door (360) is provided between the first front room (331) and the common front room (332); the three-in-one front chamber (330) and the second front chamber (350) are respectively arranged at two sides of the scissors stair (340), and the first front chamber (331), the second front chamber (350) and the common front chamber (332) are respectively communicated with the scissors stair (340); the first front chamber (331) and the second front chamber (350) are respectively in communication with the garage section (430) through respective first fire doors (320), and the distance V between the fire doors of the first front chamber (331) and the second front chamber (350) is greater than 5 meters;

each of the first residential building section (100), the second residential building section (200), and the third residential building section (300) is provided with a terrace or patio (106,206,306) in which plants are planted.

2. The building unit of claim 1, wherein a water curtain system is provided on a side of the first fire curtain (421) facing the garage section (430), and a drainage ditch is further provided on the ground below the first fire curtain (421).

3. The building unit of claim 1, wherein the garage sections (430) are open garages.

4. The building unit of claim 1, wherein the garage section (430) is provided with an automatic sprinkler system or an automatic sprinkler foam combination system.

5. The building unit of claim 1, wherein the first fire curtain (421), firewall (310), and first fire door (320) fire limits are not less than 3 hours.

6. The building unit of claim 1, wherein in the third residential building portion (300) there is further provided a first isolation zone (370) and a second isolation zone (380) adjacent to the garage portion (430), the first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone 380 being in communication with the garage portion (430) respectively through respective first fire doors (320).

7. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) have respective areas not less than 6m²。

8. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein the first front compartment (331), the common front compartment (332), the scissors stairway (340), and the second front compartment (350) are each independently provided with a natural ventilation system or a mechanically pressurized air supply system.

9. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein the screen door of each on-board elevator (411) is a fire-resistant screen door and/or a respective second fire-resistant roller blind (422) is provided in front of the screen door of each on-board elevator (411).

10. The building unit of claim 1, wherein a portion of the first residential building portion (100) and the second residential building portion (200) that is not adjacent to the garage building portion (400) is separated from the garage portion (430) by a distance W of at least 1.2 meters.

11. The building unit of claim 1, wherein the width U of the first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone (380) is no less than 3 meters.

12. A fourth generation medium high rise residential design comprising at least one building unit according to any one of claims 1-11.

13. The medium to high residential design of claim 12, further comprising a dual water source as a fire water source, wherein the first group of water sources is an underground fire pool and a fire pump; the second group of water sources is a roof fire water tank, and the effective volume of the roof fire water tank is not less than 50m³。

14. A mid-high residential design as claimed in claim 12 further provided with an automatic fire alarm system.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of buildings, and particularly relates to a building unit and a design of a fourth-generation medium-high-rise residence comprising the building unit.

Background

In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, people have higher requirements on living places, stricter requirements on sound insulation, heat preservation, sunlight and the like of buildings, higher requirements on greening and comfort level, and green houses (fourth generation houses) have come into play. The main characteristics of the fourth generation house are: every family all has private courtyard, can plant the flower kind dish and walk the dog and breed the bird, and every layer all has the garage, can drive the car to the door of family, makes the resident more comfortable. However, the combination of the garage, the yard greening and the common middle and high-rise dwelling house greatly increases the complexity of fire protection, thereby bringing the challenge of fire protection engineering.

The fire of a medium-high building generally has the following characteristics: (1) the combustible is more, and the fire load is large. With the development of national economy and social progress, the living standard of people is continuously improved, and the grade of home decoration is higher and higher. In residential buildings, a large amount of household appliances, clothes, soft cushion or solid wood furniture and a large amount of flammable materials are stacked in limited space, so that the load of fire in the residential buildings is large, and once a fire occurs, the fire can be fiercely burnt. (2) The fire spread rapidly. If the fire separation or fire treatment is not good, a vertical chimney effect is easily formed when a fire disaster occurs, and the vertical shaft is a way for rapidly spreading the fire behavior. It has been determined that the vertical propagation of a fire is about 5 times faster than the horizontal propagation. Secondly, wind has a great influence on high-rise building fire. Since wind speed increases as the height of the building increases. Therefore, the fire spreading speed of the high-rise residential building is high no matter the high-rise residential building is inside or outside the building. (3) The difficulty of the rescue is high. The high-rise residential building has higher height and large space volume, and once the high-rise residential building catches fire, the fire fighting difficulty is higher. (4) Evacuation is difficult. The high-rise residential buildings have a large number of floors and long vertical distance, so that the time for evacuating to the ground or other safe places is long; secondly, people in the residential building are centralized, the number of available evacuation stairs and available fire elevators is limited, and high temperature and dense smoke generated by fire disaster bring difficulty to evacuation of crowded people in the evacuation process; thirdly, the proportion of old, weak, sick, disabled and children in the residential building is far higher than that of other types of buildings, but the people have poor mobility and weak self-rescue ability, and the people are more difficult to evacuate.

Meanwhile, once a fire disaster happens to the automobile garage, a great amount of casualties and property loss are easily caused, and due to the fact that the fire disaster happens in a building, people are relatively difficult to evacuate and fire rescue is relatively difficult. After a fire disaster occurs in the garage, the garage has the characteristics of complex type, rapid fire spread, difficulty in evacuation of people and vehicles, difficulty in fire extinguishment and rescue and the like.

In addition, the fourth generation of buildings is technically characterized in that the vertical greening and space greening are mainly carried out by utilizing the building viewing balcony (courtyard), so that the viewing balcony is covered by flowers, plants and trees. The balcony is provided with a plurality of trees, so the flowers, the plants and the trees on the viewing balcony are the material foundation of the fire; from the outward appearance, a building just is like the mountain peak that a tree was depressed by scallion, and flowers and plants trees on the balcony of viewing are vertical distribution, and in case the conflagration takes place, the intensity of a fire is vertical to be spread extremely fast, and trees are blown out and break the back, and the trees that are lighted by big fire constantly fall from the high altitude, if drop to lower floor's trees on, can ignite the superstructure, if drop on one's body, then cause the injury, even if drop subaerial also can not stop burning.

Therefore, new designs are needed to meet the fire protection requirements and to accommodate the going upstairs of automobiles and the green fourth generation medium and high residential buildings.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a building unit and a design of a fourth generation medium and high-rise residence including the building unit, which can meet the basic requirements of the fourth generation residence on fire protection, automobile upstairs and greening.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a building unit for a fourth generation medium to high rise dwelling design, characterised in that, in plan view, the building unit comprises: a first residential building section (100), a second residential building section (200), a third residential building section (300), and a garage building section (400); the first residential building section and the second residential building section are respectively positioned at two sides of the upper part of the garage building section, and the third residential building section is positioned below the garage building section;

the garage building part (400) sequentially comprises a vehicle-mounted elevator part (410), a fire prevention area (420) and a garage part (430) from top to bottom; the car elevator part (410) comprises a plurality of car elevators (411) arranged in parallel; the fireproof area (420) is positioned between the garage part (430) and the on-board elevator part (410), and a first fireproof roller shutter (421) is arranged at the junction of the fireproof area (420) and the garage part (430);

the first residential building portion (100) and the second residential building portion (200) are adjacent only to the on-board elevator portion (410) and the fire protected area (420) of the garage building portion and are in communication with the fire protected area (420); a third residential building section (300) is adjacent only to a garage section (430) of the garage building section and has disposed therebetween a firewall 310 and a plurality of first fire doors (320);

in the third residential building section (300), a triple front room (330) adjacent to the garage section (430), a scissors staircase (340), and a second front room (350) are provided, wherein the triple front room (330) includes a first front room (331) adjacent to the garage section (430) and a common front room (332), and a second fire door (360) is provided between the first front room (331) and the common front room (332); the three-in-one front chamber (330) and the second front chamber (350) are respectively arranged at two sides of the scissors stair (340), and the first front chamber (331), the second front chamber (350) and the common front chamber (332) are respectively communicated with the scissors stair (340); the first front chamber (331) and the second front chamber (350) are respectively in communication with the garage section (430) through respective first fire doors (320), and the distance V between the fire doors of the first front chamber (331) and the second front chamber (350) is greater than 5 meters;

each of the first residential building section (100), the second residential building section (200), and the third residential building section (300) is provided with a terrace or patio (106,206,306) in which plants are planted.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a water curtain system is arranged on one side of the first fireproof rolling curtain (421) facing to the garage part (430), and a drainage ditch is further arranged on the ground below the first fireproof rolling curtain (421).

According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein said garage section (430) is an open garage.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the garage section (430) is provided with an automatic sprinkler system or an automatic sprinkler foam combination system.

According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein the fire protection limits of the first fire rolling shutter (421), the fire wall (310) and the first fire door (320) are not less than 3 hours.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein in the third residential building section (300), a first isolation belt (370) and a second isolation belt (380) adjacent to the garage section (430) are further provided, the first isolation belt (370) and the second isolation belt 380 being respectively communicated with the garage section (430) through respective first fire doors (320).

According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) have a respective area of not less than 6m²。

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first front chamber (331), the common front chamber (332), the scissors stair (340), and the second front chamber (350) are independently provided with a natural ventilation system or a mechanical pressurization air supply system, respectively.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the screen door of each on-board elevator (411) is a fire-resistant screen door and/or a corresponding second fire-resistant roller blind (422) is arranged in front of the screen door of each on-board elevator (411), for example, the fire resistance limit of the second fire-resistant roller blind (422) is not less than 3 hours.

According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein the separation distance W between the garage section (430) and the portion of the first residential building section (100) and the second residential building section (200) that is not adjacent to the garage building section (400) is at least 1.2 meters.

According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein the width U of the first isolation belt (370) and the second isolation belt (380) is not less than 3 meters.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a fourth generation medium to high rise dwelling design comprising at least one building unit according to the invention.

According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein the mid-high residential design further comprises a dual water source as the fire water source, wherein the first group of water sources is an underground fire pool and a fire pump; the second group of water sources is a roof fire water tank, and the effective volume of the roof fire water tank is not less than 50m³。

The fourth generation of residence is a modern new type of residence developed in the third generation of concrete residence. The house is mainly characterized by having the advantages of convenience and convenience for vehicles to arrive at a door, meeting the pursuit of people for green environment, having the feeling of towering and cloud of the existing house, and being an important technical innovation for greatly improving the living quality due to the shortage of land and dense population in China.

The invention adopts reasonable fire-proof measures, so that the fourth generation of houses can meet the requirements of going upstairs and entering the house of automobiles and greening, and also meet the safety of houses. The fire-proof separation measures such as a fire-proof wall, a fire-proof rolling curtain, a water curtain, a fire-proof door and the like are adopted to separate the house from the garage so as to meet the fire-fighting safety.

For example, a three-in-one scissors stair mode is adopted in a third residential building part (300), a common front room is arranged to meet the evacuation requirement of a residence on one side, two evacuation exit fireproof doors are additionally arranged on the side of an automobile garage and are communicated with the three-in-one front room and the scissors stairs, the bidirectional evacuation requirement of the automobile garage is met, and meanwhile the fireproof separation requirement is met.

For example, in the garage building part (400), the screen door of the automobile elevator adopts a fire-resistant type and/or a 3h fire-resistant limit fire door, so that the garage is separated from the houses (the first and second house building parts), and the houses on two sides are connected through a passage formed by the fire-resistant roller shutters, thereby meeting the requirement of bidirectional evacuation of the houses.

For example, each household of the first residential building part (100), the second residential building part (200) and the third residential building part (300) is provided with a terrace or a courtyard, and plants such as green landscape plants are planted in the terrace or the courtyard to meet the requirements of people for the natural environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a building unit for a fourth generation medium to high rise dwelling design according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of a building unit according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is another enlarged partial view of a building unit according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of a high-rise residential design incorporating the building units according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a graphical representation of fire heat release rate results for a fire simulation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the fire simulation of the effectiveness of the fire area and glass shattering at different times in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a graph illustrating fire heat release rate results of a fire simulation according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of fire area and broken glass at different times in fire simulation according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the drawings or description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Implementations not depicted or described in the drawings are of a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while exemplifications of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it is to be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may be approximated to the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints. Directional phrases used in the embodiments, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," and the like, refer only to the orientation of the figure. Accordingly, the directional terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a building unit for a fourth generation medium rise dwelling design according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, a building unit of a high-rise residential design of the present invention may include a first residential building section 100, a second residential building section 200, a third residential building section 300, and a garage building section 400. The portion shown by the dotted line box in the drawing is a garage building portion 400, and the first residential building portion 100 and the second residential building portion 200 are respectively located at both upper sides of the garage building portion, and the third residential building portion 300 is located at the lower end of the garage building portion 400. The garage building section 400 includes, from top to bottom in plan view, an on-board elevator section 410, a fire protected area 420, and a garage section 430.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of a building unit according to one embodiment of the invention. I.e. comprising a first residential building section 100, a second residential building section 200 and a part of a garage building section 400.

As shown in fig. 2, the car elevator portion 410 includes a plurality of car elevators 411 arranged in parallel, 4 car elevators 411 are shown in the figure, and other suitable numbers of car elevators 411 may be provided. The screen door of each on-board elevator (411) can be a fire-resistant screen door and/or a corresponding second fire-resistant roller blind (422) can be arranged in front of the screen door of each on-board elevator (411), for example, the fire-resistant limit of the second fire-resistant roller blind (422) is not less than 3 hours. This can isolate the car lift portion 410 from the rest of the building in fire protection, creating an independent space.

Fire prevention zone 420 is located in a space between garage section 430 and on-board elevator section 410, and first fire prevention curtain 421 is provided at the interface of fire prevention zone 420 and garage section 430. The first fire protection curtain (421) has a fire resistance limit of, for example, not less than 3 hours. The fire curtain is in a rolled-up state in a normal state, so that a car and a person can normally pass through. When a fire disaster happens, the sensor of the fireproof roller shutter senses the corresponding disaster and can send an instruction, so that the fireproof roller shutter is unfolded and falls, and the purpose of fireproof isolation is achieved.

In order to achieve a better fire protection effect, a water curtain system (not shown), also called a water curtain fire extinguishing system, may be installed in the garage building 400, and generally comprises a water curtain nozzle, a rain alarm valve set or a temperature sensing rain valve, water supply and distribution pipes, a control valve, a water flow alarm device, and the like, and is an automatic water spray fire extinguishing system mainly playing a role in fire resistance, cooling and isolation. The water curtain function is divided into two types, namely a fireproof separation water curtain and a protective cooling water curtain. As shown, a fire-proof water curtain system/water curtain cooling system, i.e., a fire-proof partition water curtain/protection cooling water curtain, may be provided in the fire-proof region 420 on a side of the first fire-proof rolling curtain 421 facing the garage part 430 to obtain a better fire-proof effect, while a drainage ditch (not shown) is further provided on the ground under the first fire-proof rolling curtain 421.

The garage section 430 is provided with a plurality of parking spots 431 at both sides, and a fourth passage 432 at the middle. After the vehicle exits the on-board elevator portion 410, it may pass through a fire zone and then enter the garage portion 430 for parking. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the garage section (430) may be an open garage, which facilitates exhaust emissions and fire protection. To achieve a better fire protection effect, the garage section (430) may be provided with an automatic sprinkler system or an automatic sprinkler foam combination system (not shown).

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first residential building portion (100) and the second residential building portion (200) are adjacent only to an on-board elevator portion (410) and a fire protected area (420) of the garage building portion, and are in communication with the fire protected area (420). As shown in fig. 2, the stairways (101,201) of the first residential building portion 100 and the second residential building portion 200 are respectively adjacent to the on-board elevator portion 410 of the garage building portion 400; the ante-rooms (102,202) and elevators (103,203) of the first and second residential building portions 100, 200 are adjacent to the fire protected area 420 of the garage building portion 400 and are in communication with the fire protected area 420 of the garage building portion 400 through respective passageways (104,204) and ante-rooms (102, 202).

When a fire occurs, the first fire-proof rolling curtain (421) and the second fire-proof rolling curtain 422 can separate the fire-proof area (420) from other parts of the garage building part 400 to form a relatively safe fire-proof passage, and the first residential building part 100 and the second residential building part 200 on two sides are connected with the passage, so that the requirement of bidirectional evacuation of the house can be met.

As shown, the remaining parts are not adjacent to the garage building section (400), except for the stairways (101,201), the front rooms (102,202) and the elevators (103, 203). That is, the first residential building portion 100 and the second residential building portion 200 are not substantially adjacent to the garage portion (430) in the figure. The portions of the first residential building portion (100) and the second residential building portion (200) nearest the garage portion (430) of the garage building portion (400) include a passenger compartment (105/205) and a terrace/patio (106,206), which are spaced apart by a distance W of at least 1.2 meters. Such a distance enables a good fire protection effect to be achieved. Of course, in other embodiments, the closest portion may be another structural element, but the distance from the garage portion (430) should meet the above requirements. In addition, in order to enhance the fire-fighting effect, the nearest parts and the corresponding parts can adopt solid walls, for example, the fences of an open garage and a viewing balcony adopt solid walls, and the height is preferably not less than 1.2 m.

Additionally, each of the first and second residential building portions 100, 200 is provided with a terrace/patio (106,206), and plants may be planted in the terrace/patio (106, 206). The deck/patio (106,206) may have a large area, such as 15-40 square meters, 20 square meters, 30 square meters, etc., providing such an environment to meet the needs of people for a natural green environment.

For example, fern and climbing plants such as caulis Seu folium Ampelopsis Brevipedunculatae, caulis Trachelospermi, caulis Hederae sinensis, caulis Seu folium Euonymi Fortunei, and scindapsus aureus can be selected; arbors such as camellia, gardenia, osmanthus, begonia, and the like; shrubs such as rose, rhododendron, peony, berberis, buxus, sabina vulgaris, thuja occidentalis, forsythia, winter jasmine, salix psammophila, etc.; herbaceous plants such as morning glory, evergreen, etc.

The plants and trees planted on the sightseeing terrace/courtyard are preferably non-oily, non-deciduous plants, the height of the trees is preferably not more than 1.5m, the crown diameter is preferably not more than about 1m, and the number of planted trees is not too large, for example, 3-4 trees can be planted on each terrace of each household. The fire protection distance of plants grown on a terrace or a courtyard from a room is preferably not less than 2.2 m. In addition, a simple automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system (not shown) can be arranged on the sightseeing terrace/courtyard or connected from an automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system of an automobile garage, and a quick response spray head is selected as the spray head, so that the fire fighting capacity can be enhanced.

It should be understood that the other structural designs of the first and second residential building portions 100 and 200 may be conventional residential designs and will not be described in detail herein.

Fig. 3 is another enlarged partial view of a building unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, i.e. including a third residential building portion (300) and a portion of a garage building portion 400. As shown, the third residential building section (300) is adjacent only to a garage section (430) of the garage building section, and a firewall 310 and a plurality of first fire doors (320) are disposed therebetween. The fire protection wall (310) and the first fire door (320) may have a fire endurance of, for example, no less than 3 hours.

More specifically, in the third residential building section (300), a triple front room (330) adjacent to the garage section (430), a scissors staircase (340), and a second front room (350) are provided, wherein the triple front room (330) includes a first front room (331) adjacent to the garage section (430) and a common front room (332), and a second fire door (360) is provided between the first front room (331) and the common front room (332); the three-in-one front chamber (330) and the second front chamber (350) are respectively arranged at two sides of the scissors stair (340), and the first front chamber (331), the second front chamber (350) and the common front chamber (332) are respectively communicated with the scissors stair (340); the first front chamber (331) and the second front chamber (350) are respectively communicated with the garage section (430) through respective first fireproof doors (320), the distance V between the fireproof doors of the first front chamber (331) and the second front chamber (350) is more than 5m, and the respective areas of the first front chamber (331) and the second front chamber (350) are not less than 6m²The design is beneficial to evacuation when a fire occurs. For example, when a fire occurs in a garage, the fire can be evacuated to a scissor building through a plurality of first fireproof doors (320)The stairs (340), in case of fire in the third residential building section (300), can enter the triple-entrance lobby (330) through its passageway 390 and then evacuate through the scissors stairs (340).

As shown, in the third residential building section (300), a first isolation zone (370) and a second isolation zone (380) adjacent to the garage section (430) are further provided, and the first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone 380 are respectively communicated with the garage section (430) through respective first fire doors (320). The first isolation belt (370) and the second isolation belt (380) have a suitable width U, for example, the width U is not less than 3 meters. The provision of the isolation zone isolates the garage from the portion of the third residential building segment (300) where the occupants are actually living, and provides a buffer zone in the event of a fire, preventing rapid spread of the fire therebetween, and allowing time for the occupants to escape the fire. In addition, the isolation zone actually provides another escape route. Preferably, the first and second isolation belts may be gardens in which flowers and plants are planted to meet the green environment and rest requirements of residents.

Referring to fig. 3, a scissors staircase (340) is provided at one side of the triple front chamber (330), and the other side of the triple front chamber (330) may be provided with building accessories. For example, a water well 333, a power well 334, a spare elevator hole 335, a passenger elevator 336, a fire elevator 337, and the like may be provided. A first isolation strip (370) is disposed on one side of the building fixtures. A second isolation belt 380 is provided at one side of the second front chamber (350) and the scissors staircase (340).

Similar to the first and second residential building portions 100 and 200, the third residential building portion 300 has a terrace or patio (306) disposed in each household with plants planted therein.

It should be understood that the other structural design of the third residential building section 300, as with the first residential building section 100 and the second residential building section 200, may be a conventional residential design. For example, the stairs (101,201) of the first residential building portion 100 and the second residential building portion 200, the first front room (331), the common front room (332), the scissors stairs (340) of the third residential building portion 300, and the second front room (350) may be provided with a natural ventilation system or a mechanical pressurized air supply system, respectively, which will not be described in detail herein.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a fourth generation medium to high rise residential design comprising at least one building unit according to the invention. Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of a high-rise residential design incorporating the building units according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, the high-rise residential design may be, for example, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or even higher floors, e.g., 20 floors, 30 floors. Each floor may include a building unit according to the present invention such that the occupants of the residential floors each have a corresponding garage and, in their entirety, form a building structure as shown in fig. 4.

In order to enhance the fire fighting effect, double water sources can be included in the residential design as fire fighting water sources, wherein, besides the underground fire pool and the fire pump as a first group of water sources; a roof fire water tank is also arranged as a second group of fire water sources, wherein the effective volume of the roof fire water tank is not less than 50m³Thereby providing another source of fire-fighting water. An automatic fire alarm system can also be arranged in the residential design. Automatic fire alarm systems, like automatic sprinkler systems and automatic sprinkler foam systems, are well known in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

The building unit of the present invention can be divided into 3 independent fire zones. In a plane view, the house on the north side is an independent fire-proof subarea, the house on the south side is an independent fire-proof subarea, the intermediate garage is separated from the houses on the south side and the north side through a fire wall, a fire door, a fire-proof rolling curtain and a fire-proof water curtain to form an independent fire-proof subarea, and evacuation is carried out through the front room and the shared evacuation stairs of the houses on the south side. The design ensures that the invention meets the requirement of going upstairs of automobiles on fire fighting and can meet the pursuit of people on high living standard.

In order to verify the fire-proof technical effect of the technical scheme of the invention when a fire disaster occurs, the invention utilizes FDS fire disaster dynamic simulation software to carry out simulation research, which specifically comprises the following steps:

simulation scenario 1: the garage of the floor 1 catches fire (namely the garage building part (400)), the building unit is provided with a fireproof door and a fireproof rolling curtain to prevent fire wall, and is effective;

simulating index parameters: the fire heat release rate, the fire area, the temperature, the thermal radiation, the smoke layer height, the CO concentration, the visibility and the like;

the results are shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and Table 1 below:

fig. 5 is a graphical representation of fire heat release rate results for a fire simulation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The results show that after a garage fire occurs, the heat release rate reaches 1MW at 513s, between the medium-speed fire and the slow-speed fire, and the heat release rate reaches a peak value of 11.3MW around 1800 s.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the fire simulation of the effect of the fire area and glass shattering at different times, according to one embodiment of the invention. Simulation results show that when a fire disaster happens for 400s, glass of a vehicle on fire is broken, flames are sprayed out of a window, air enters the vehicle, the fire disaster combustion is intensified, and the fire passing area is increased continuously; at 1200s, the automobiles on the left and right sides of the vehicle with fire are ignited; at 1800s, 3 cars are on fire and the fire is gradually increased, and the fire passing area reaches 26m²。

Table 1: critical value of each index and time of arrival of danger

According to the table, when the garage vehicle is on fire, the fireproof door and the fireproof roller shutter are effective, the fire-catching garage comes in danger of 430s, the non-fire-catching garage comes in danger of 360s, and the coming time of the danger of the house, the front rooms on the north and south sides and the staircases is more than 1800 s. When a garage vehicle is on fire, under the condition that a fireproof door and a fireproof rolling curtain are effective, automobiles on the left side and the right side of the vehicle on fire are ignited within 1200 s; in 1800s of simulation, the radiant heat in the building structure (such as a terrace) adjacent to the garage and the residences on the north and south sides does not reach the critical radiant heat flux of corresponding combustible substances, so that the garage is on fire and does not spread to the adjacent terrace and the residences. The architectural design of the invention can achieve good fire protection.

Simulation scenario 2: the garage of floor 1 catches fire (i.e. garage building section (400)), the building unit of the present invention is provided with fire doors, fire curtains, fire walls and automatic sprinkler systems, and is effective;

simulating index parameters: the fire heat release rate, the fire area, the temperature, the thermal radiation, the smoke layer height, the CO concentration, the visibility and the like;

the results are shown in FIG. 7, FIG. 8 and Table 2 below.

Fig. 7 is a graphical representation of fire heat release rate results for a fire simulation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The result shows, after the garage conflagration takes place, heat release rate reached 1MW when 515s, between medium speed fire and slow fire, and the fire source point is located inside the car, after 563s automatic sprinkler system's shower nozzle starts, and water can't direct action be on the fire source point, and the conflagration is spread inside the vehicle, and heat release rate reaches peak value 2.8MW about 932 s. When the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system is effective, the fire disaster of the garage is effectively controlled.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the fire simulation of the effect of the fire area and glass shattering at different times in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Simulation results show that when a fire disaster happens for 400s, glass of a vehicle on fire is broken, air enters the vehicle, and the fire disaster is aggravated in burning; 563s, the 1 st nozzle of the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system starts to start, the fire is controlled, only the vehicle on fire burns, other vehicles are not ignited, and the fire passing area is small.

Table 2 shows the thresholds of the indices and the time of the arrival of the risk.

Table 2: critical value of each index and time of arrival of danger

From the above table, it can be seen that when a fire occurs in a garage vehicle, when a fire door, a fire-proof roller shutter and an automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system are all effective, the fire-catching garage comes at a risk of 432s, the non-fire-catching garage comes at a risk of 375s, and the coming time of the dangers of the house, the front rooms on the north and south sides and the staircases is more than 1800 s.

When the garage vehicle is on fire, the fireproof door, the fireproof roller shutter and the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system are all effective, the fire is effectively controlled, and other vehicles are not ignited; in 1800s of simulation, the radiant heat in the terrace adjacent to the garage and the houses on the north and south sides does not reach the critical radiant heat flux of corresponding combustible substances, so that the garage is on fire and does not spread to the adjacent terrace and houses. The architectural design of the invention can achieve good fire protection.

The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure. In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.