Injector and injection method
阅读说明:本技术 喷注器和喷注方法 (Injector and injection method ) 是由 杨庆春 周文元 徐旭 靳雨树 李慧强 于 2019-11-19 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明提供了一种喷注器和喷注方法,喷注器包括至少一组喷注装置,该喷注装置包括流路进口、流道和喷嘴;流道的第一端口与所述流路进口连接,所述流道的第二端口与所述喷嘴连接;沿着所述流道的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,所述流道的横截面面积逐渐减小;通过逐渐收缩的流道,提高物料的剪切速率,增大剪切面积,使物料逐渐稀化,从而减小了物料的流阻,缩短了物料接收装置的响应时间。(The invention provides an injector and an injection method, wherein the injector comprises at least one group of injection devices, each injection device comprises a flow path inlet, a flow path and a nozzle; a first port of the flow passage is connected with the flow passage inlet, and a second port of the flow passage is connected with the nozzle; the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is gradually reduced along the extension direction of the first port to the second port of the flow passage; through the runner that contracts gradually, improve the shear rate of material, increase shearing area makes the material thin gradually to reduce the flow resistance of material, shortened material receiving arrangement's response time.)
1. An injector, comprising at least one set of injection means; the injection device comprises a flow path inlet, a flow path and a nozzle;
the first port of the flow passage is connected with the flow passage inlet, and the second port of the flow passage is connected with the nozzle; the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is gradually reduced along the extension direction of the first port to the second port of the flow passage;
the flow path inlet is connected with an external material supply system and used for conveying the material provided by the material supply system to the flow path; the flow channel is used for conveying the material to the nozzle, and the material is subjected to shear thinning through the gradually reduced cross section area of the flow channel in the conveying process of the material; the nozzle is used for conveying the material to an external material receiving device.
2. The injector of claim 1, wherein said flow channel is plural in number and said nozzle is plural in number, said nozzles being the same in number as said flow channel;
the nozzles are distributed in a central symmetry way; the plurality of flow passages are connected with the plurality of nozzles in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
3. The injector of claim 2, wherein the connection between the first ports of the plurality of flow channels is tapered.
4. The injector of claim 1, wherein said flow channel is a tapered tube structure.
5. The injector of claim 1, wherein said flow path inlet is a frusto-conical cavity configuration;
a first port of the flow path inlet is connected with the material supply system, and a second port of the flow path inlet is connected with the first port of the flow path; the cross-sectional area of the flow path inlet decreases gradually along the direction of extension of the first port to the second port of the flow path inlet.
6. The injector of claim 5, wherein the first port of the flow channel extends in the same direction as the second port of the flow path inlet.
7. The injector of claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises a straight section, a converging section and a circular tube section connected in series;
the first port of the equal straight section of the nozzle is connected with the second port of the flow passage; the second port of the equal straight section of the nozzle is connected with the first port of the convergent section, the second port of the convergent section is connected with the first port of the circular pipe section, and the cross-sectional area of the convergent section is gradually reduced along the extension direction from the first port of the convergent section to the second port of the convergent section; and the second port of the circular pipe section of the nozzle is connected with the material receiving device.
8. The injector of claim 7, wherein the second port of the flow channel extends in the same direction as the straight section of the nozzle.
9. The injector of claim 1, wherein the injector comprises two sets of injector devices, the flow path inlets in a first injector device being symmetrically distributed with the flow path inlets in a second injector device.
10. An injection method, characterized in that it is applied to an injector according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the method comprises the following steps:
the flow path inlet is connected with an external material supply system and used for conveying materials provided by the material supply system to the flow path; the material is conveyed to the nozzle by the flow channel, and the material is subjected to shear thinning through the gradually reduced cross section area of the flow channel in the conveying process of the material; the nozzle conveys the material to an external material receiving device.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft propulsion systems, in particular to an injector and an injection method.
Background
At present, gel propellants adopted in engineering are mostly non-Newtonian fluids, and the gel propellants only show flow characteristics under certain pressure, and compared with traditional liquid propellants, the gel propellants are increased in viscosity and remarkably increased in flow resistance; the injector of the traditional extrusion rocket engine is usually designed by adopting a laminate, the gel propellant enters a combustion chamber through a liquid collecting cavity and a distribution flow channel, the gel propellant is easy to be detained and re-condensed by adopting the mode, and a high-viscosity low-flow-rate area is formed, so that the flow resistance of the gel propellant is further increased, and the response time of the engine is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an injector and an injection method, which are used for reducing the flow resistance of materials and shortening the response time of an engine.
The invention provides an injector, which comprises at least one group of injection devices; the injection device comprises a flow path inlet, a flow path and a nozzle; the first port of the flow passage is connected with the flow passage inlet, and the second port of the flow passage is connected with the nozzle; the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is gradually reduced along the extension direction of the first port to the second port of the flow passage; the flow path inlet is connected with an external material supply system and used for conveying the material provided by the material supply system to the flow path; the flow channel is used for conveying the material to the nozzle, and the material is subjected to shear thinning through the gradually reduced cross section area of the flow channel in the conveying process of the material; the nozzle is used for conveying the material to an external material receiving device.
Furthermore, the number of the flow passages is multiple, the number of the nozzles is multiple, and the number of the nozzles is the same as that of the flow passages; the nozzles are distributed in a central symmetry way; the plurality of flow passages are connected with the plurality of nozzles in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Further, the connection structure between the first ports of the plurality of flow passages is tapered.
Further, the flow channel is in a conical tube structure.
Further, the flow path inlet is of a truncated cone cavity structure; a first port of the flow path inlet is connected with the material supply system, and a second port of the flow path inlet is connected with the first port of the flow path; the cross-sectional area of the flow path inlet decreases gradually along the direction of extension of the first port to the second port of the flow path inlet.
Further, the extending direction of the first port of the flow passage is the same as the extending direction of the second port of the flow passage inlet.
Further, the nozzle comprises an equal straight section, a convergent section and a circular pipe section which are connected in sequence; the first port of the equal straight section of the nozzle is connected with the second port of the flow passage; the second port of the equal straight section of the nozzle is connected with the first port of the convergent section, the second port of the convergent section is connected with the first port of the circular pipe section, and the cross-sectional area of the convergent section is gradually reduced along the extension direction from the first port of the convergent section to the second port of the convergent section; and the second port of the circular pipe section of the nozzle is connected with the material receiving device.
Further, the extending direction of the second port of the flow passage is the same as the extending direction of the straight section of the nozzle.
Further, the injector comprises two groups of injection devices, and the flow path inlets in the first injection device and the flow path inlets in the second injection device are symmetrically distributed.
The invention provides an injector method, which is applied to the injector of any one of the above items; the method comprises the following steps: the flow path inlet is connected with an external material supply system and used for conveying materials provided by the material supply system to the flow path; the flow channel conveys the material to the nozzle, and the material is subjected to shear thinning through the gradually reduced cross section area of the flow channel in the conveying process of the material; the nozzle conveys the material to an external material receiving device.
The invention provides an injector and an injection method, which comprise at least one group of injection devices, wherein each injection device comprises a flow path inlet, a flow path and a nozzle; a first port of the flow passage is connected with the flow passage inlet, and a second port of the flow passage is connected with the nozzle; the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is gradually reduced along the extension direction of the first port to the second port of the flow passage; through the runner that contracts gradually, improve the shear rate of material, increase shearing area makes the material thin gradually to reduce the flow resistance of material, shortened material receiving arrangement's response time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an injector channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an injector mounted within an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of an injector internal flow channel provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of nozzles inside an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an injector flow path inlet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an injector nozzle provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a fuel and oxidant passageway within an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-propellant supply system line valves; 2-an injector; 21-flow path inlet; 211-oxidant flow path inlet; 212-fuel flowpath inlet; 22-a flow channel; 221-an oxidant flow channel; 222-a fuel flow channel; 23-a nozzle; 231-an oxidant nozzle; 232-a fuel nozzle; 3-engine combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The gel propellant rocket engine has the advantages of high specific impulse, adjustable thrust, repeated starting, easy storage and transportation of the solid rocket engine, convenient use and maintenance and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of missile weapons, anti-pilot weapons, aerospace thrusters and the like.
At present, an injector of a traditional extrusion type rocket engine usually adopts a laminate design, propellant enters a combustion chamber through a liquid collecting cavity and a distribution flow channel, a blind cavity and a folded angle structure easily appear in the flow channel, so that gel propellant is detained and re-condensed, a high-viscosity low-flow-rate area is formed, the flow resistance of the gel propellant is further increased, and the response time of the engine is prolonged.
In this regard, embodiments of the present invention provide an injector and injection method that may be applied in rocket engine material injection or in material injection for other propulsion systems.
With reference to the schematic construction of an injector shown in fig. 1, the
In practical implementation, the number of the injection devices provided in the
A first port of the
The
In the cold flow test, usually, a user predicts an initial design value of a parameter to be calculated in advance, a test piece is processed according to the initial design value and loaded into a matched tool, flow resistance data, filling time data and the like under the initial design value are tested through a test, and a plurality of groups of corresponding flow resistance data, filling time data and the like can be obtained through predicting the initial design values of a plurality of groups of parameters to be calculated.
In the second mode, the flow numerical simulation calculation, generally, a user may input a preset initial design value of a parameter to be calculated through fluid simulation software, such as ANSYS Fluent simulation software, or in a programming mode, based on a relevant physical characteristic parameter of a material, may calculate a set of flow resistance data and filling time data and the like under the initial design value, and may obtain a plurality of sets of flow resistance data and filling time data and the like by adjusting the input value of the parameter to be calculated for a plurality of times, such as adjusting the inner diameter of the second port of the
When the first port inner diameter of the
internal volume V of
the internal volume of the
The
In practical implementation, the material supply system may be a propellant supply system, and the material receiving device may be an engine combustion chamber; referring to the assembly schematic diagram of the injector in the engine shown in fig. 3, the
The embodiment of the invention provides an injector, which comprises at least one group of injection devices, wherein each injection device comprises a flow path inlet, a flow path and a nozzle; the first port of the flow passage is connected with the flow passage inlet, and the second port of the flow passage is connected with the nozzle; the cross-sectional area of the flow passage gradually decreases along the extension direction from the first port to the second port of the flow passage; through the runner that contracts gradually, improve the shear rate of material, increase shearing area makes the material thin gradually to reduce the flow resistance of material, shortened material receiving arrangement's response time.
Furthermore, the number of the
Referring to the structural schematic diagram of the cross-sectional view of the internal flow channel of the injector shown in fig. 4, in practical implementation, the
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the connection structure between the first ports of the plurality of
Further, the
Further, the
The inner diameter of the first port of the
internal volume V of single
the internal volume of the single
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the first port of the
Further, the
In practical implementation, the inner diameter of the thin circular pipe section can be determined by known parameters such as the flow rate, the pressure drop, the mixing ratio and the number of the roots of the materials; parameters such as the inner diameter of the equal straight section, the length of the convergent section, the length of the thin circular pipe section and the like of the
internal volume V of
the internal volume of the
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the extending direction of the second port of the
Further, the
Taking a material as a gel propellant, a material supply system as a propellant supply system and a material receiving device as an engine combustion chamber as an example for explanation, a structural schematic diagram of a cross section of a fuel and oxidizer flow passage in an injector is shown in fig. 8; in practical implementation, it is usually necessary to simultaneously deliver two materials, namely oxidizer and fuel, from the propellant supply system to the
The plurality of
The rapid development of current additive manufacturing technologies provides the possibility of processing injectors comprising complex flow channel designs, taking advantage of the gel propellant shear sensitivity to reduce its apparent viscosity by mechanical shear; specifically, by utilizing the shear thinning characteristic of the gel propellant and designing the injector with the inner flow channel gradually contracted, the rheological characteristic of the gel propellant is improved, the flow resistance of the gel propellant is reduced, the response time of an engine is reduced, the atomization effect of the propellant is enhanced, and the combustion efficiency and the specific impulse performance of the engine are improved.
As another realization mode, on the premise of ensuring the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the injector, the shear rate of the gel propellant can be increased, the apparent viscosity of the propellant can be obviously reduced, and the filling time can be reduced by adopting a method of adopting a contraction-shaped internal flow passage and appropriately reducing the volume.
According to the other injector provided by the embodiment of the invention, the whole injector structure of the flow path inlet, the flow path and the nozzle gradually shrinks, the shearing area is increased through the continuous flowing shearing action, and the shearing thinning in the material conveying and injecting processes is realized, so that the flow resistance of the material is reduced, and the response time of the material receiving device is shortened.
The embodiment of the invention provides an injection method, which is applied to the injector; the method comprises the following steps: the flow path inlet is connected with an external material supply system and used for conveying materials provided by the material supply system to the flow path; the material is conveyed to the nozzle by the flow channel, and the material is subjected to shear thinning through the gradually reduced cross section area of the flow channel in the conveying process of the material; the nozzle conveys the material to an external material receiving device.
In practical implementation, the flow path inlets receive the materials provided by the material supply system connected with the flow path inlets, and the number of the flow path inlets can be set according to the types of the materials; in order to avoid material retention and re-condensation caused by the existence of a blind cavity or a folded angle in a single flow passage, the design can be that one flow passage inlet corresponds to a plurality of flow passages, namely, the flow passage inlet conveys the received material to the plurality of flow passages connected with the flow passage inlet, and because the cross-sectional area of the flow passages is gradually reduced, based on the physical characteristics of the material, the material can be gradually sheared and thinned in the process of conveying the material from the flow passages to the nozzle, and finally, the thinned material is conveyed to the material receiving device connected with the nozzle through the nozzle.
In the injection method, the material provided by the material supply system is conveyed to the runner by the inlet of the runner; the material is conveyed to a nozzle by the flow channel, and the nozzle conveys the material to an external material receiving device; according to the method, the gradually contracted flow channel is adopted, so that the shearing rate of the material is improved, the shearing area is increased, and the material is gradually thinned, so that the flow resistance of the material is reduced, and the response time of the material receiving device is shortened.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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