阅读说明：本技术 一种铁路车辆用双油路机械控制可变阻尼被动油压减振器 (Double-oil-way mechanical control variable-damping passive oil pressure shock absorber for railway vehicle ) 是由 马鸿錚 池茂儒 高红星 郭兆团 于 2019-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种铁路车辆用双油路机械控制可变阻尼被动油压减振器,属于油压减振器领域。减振器包括油缸组件、活塞组件和阻尼特性转换阀组件；油缸组件包括工作缸和储油筒,活塞组件包括两端不通油路的活塞,活塞滑动安装在工作缸内部,将工作缸分割为拉伸油腔和压缩油腔；阻尼特性转换阀组件包括至少两个并联的拉伸油路调整阀和至少两个并联的压缩油路调整阀,拉伸油路调整阀和压缩油路调整阀的进液端分别连通至拉伸油腔和压缩油腔,出液端通过不同的油路连通至储油筒。本发明提供的减振器,可根据车辆不同的运用速度或者不同的运行状况,采用机械开关进行转换不同的阻尼特性,还可对减振器卸荷前和卸荷后的阻尼系数进行转换。(The invention discloses a double-oil-way mechanical control variable-damping passive oil pressure shock absorber for a railway vehicle, and belongs to the field of oil pressure shock absorbers. The shock absorber comprises an oil cylinder assembly, a piston assembly and a damping characteristic conversion valve assembly; the oil cylinder assembly comprises a working cylinder and an oil storage cylinder, the piston assembly comprises a piston with two ends not communicated with an oil way, and the piston is slidably arranged in the working cylinder and divides the working cylinder into a stretching oil cavity and a compression oil cavity; the damping characteristic conversion valve assembly comprises at least two stretching oil way regulating valves connected in parallel and at least two compression oil way regulating valves connected in parallel, liquid inlet ends of the stretching oil way regulating valves and the compression oil way regulating valves are respectively communicated to a stretching oil cavity and a compression oil cavity, and liquid outlet ends of the stretching oil way regulating valves and the compression oil way regulating valves are communicated to the oil storage cylinder through different oil ways. The shock absorber provided by the invention can adopt the mechanical switch to convert different damping characteristics according to different application speeds or different running conditions of the vehicle, and can also convert damping coefficients of the shock absorber before and after unloading.)

1. The utility model provides a variable damping passive oil pressure shock absorber of two oil circuit mechanical control for railway vehicle which characterized in that: the damping characteristic conversion valve assembly comprises an oil cylinder assembly (1), and a piston assembly (2) and a damping characteristic conversion valve assembly (3) which are arranged on the oil cylinder assembly (1);

the oil cylinder assembly (1) comprises a working cylinder (11) and an oil storage cylinder (12), hydraulic oil is filled in the working cylinder (11) and the oil storage cylinder (12), and the oil storage cylinder (12) is installed at the outer end of the working cylinder (11);

the piston assembly (2) comprises a piston (21) with two ends not communicated with an oil way, the piston (21) is installed inside the working cylinder (11) in a sliding mode, and the working cylinder (11) is divided into a stretching oil cavity (111) and a compression oil cavity (112);

the damping characteristic conversion valve assembly (3) comprises at least two stretching oil way adjusting valves (31) connected in parallel and at least two compression oil way adjusting valves (32) connected in parallel, liquid inlet ends of the stretching oil way adjusting valves (31) and the compression oil way adjusting valves (32) are respectively communicated to a stretching oil chamber (111) and a compression oil chamber (112), liquid outlet ends of the stretching oil way adjusting valves and the compression oil way adjusting valves are communicated to the oil storage barrel (12) through different oil ways, and at least two damping valve assemblies (33) which are communicated in a one-way mode and are connected in parallel are installed on the oil way communicated with.

2. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oil cylinder assembly (1) further comprises a guide seat (13), a base body (14) and an oil pipe (15);

guide holder (13) and the base body (14) are installed respectively working cylinder (11) both ends, the both ends of oil pipe (15) are connected respectively guide holder (13) and the base body (14), just oil pipe (15) are located between working cylinder (11) and oil storage section of thick bamboo (12).

3. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein: a guide seat stretching oil way (131) is arranged in the guide seat (13), the liquid inlet end of the guide seat stretching oil way (131) is communicated with the stretching oil cavity (111), and the liquid outlet end of the guide seat stretching oil way is communicated with the oil through pipe (15);

a tensile hydraulic oil output oil path (141) and a compression hydraulic oil output oil path (142) are arranged in the base body (14); the tensile hydraulic oil output oil way (141) is communicated with the oil through pipe (15), and the compression hydraulic oil output oil way (142) is communicated with the compression oil cavity (112).

4. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the damping characteristic conversion valve component (3) further comprises a transfer block (34) and a plurality of oil path adjusting sleeves (35), the transfer block (34) is installed on the base body (14), the oil path adjusting sleeves (35) are arranged in the transfer block (34), and the tension oil path adjusting valve (31) and the compression oil path adjusting valve (32) are installed in the oil path adjusting sleeves (35);

the switching block oil circuit and the adjusting sleeve oil circuit are respectively arranged in the switching block (34) and the oil circuit adjusting sleeve (35), the liquid inlet end of the switching block oil circuit is communicated with the stretching hydraulic oil output oil circuit (141) and the compression hydraulic oil output oil circuit (142), and the liquid outlet end of the switching block oil circuit is communicated with the adjusting sleeve oil circuits.

5. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the base body (14) is also internally provided with a plurality of damping valve oil passages (143) and oil return oil passages (144) which correspond to the oil passage adjusting sleeves (35) one by one;

the damping valve oil path (143) is provided with at least two parallel damping valve assemblies (33), one end of the damping valve oil path (143) is communicated with the output end of the adjusting sleeve oil path, the other end of the damping valve oil path is communicated with the oil liquid return oil path (144), and the oil liquid return oil path (144) is communicated to the oil storage cylinder (12).

6. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the piston assembly (2) further comprises a piston rod (22), a dust cover (23) and a dust cover seat (24);

piston rod (22) slide and wear to establish just inner connection in guide holder (13) piston (21), the outer end fixed connection of piston rod (22) dust cover seat (24), dust cover (23) are located the piston rod (22) outside, a pot head of dust cover (23) is established the oil storage section of thick bamboo (12) outside, other end fixed connection dust cover seat (24).

7. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the dustproof cover base (24) and the outer end of the base body (14) are connected with a mounting base (4), and rubber nodes (5) are arranged in the mounting base (4).

8. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the stretching oil cavity (111) and the compression oil cavity (112) are communicated with the oil storage cylinder (12) through a one-way valve plate (16).

9. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the damping valve assembly (33) comprises a damping valve (331), a valve cover (332) on one side of the damping valve (331) and a compression spring (333) arranged on the other side of the damping valve (331) in a propping mode.

10. The dual oil path mechanically controlled variable damping passive oil hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the stretching oil way adjusting valve (31) and the compression oil way adjusting valve (32) are respectively provided with two, and two damping valves (33) are mounted on each damping valve oil way (143).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of oil pressure shock absorbers, in particular to a double-oil-way mechanical control variable-damping passive oil pressure shock absorber for a railway vehicle.

Background

Along with the development of crossing railways and the rise of urban rail transit, the demand of rolling stock and subways is increased rapidly, the oil pressure shock absorber is used as an important part for attenuating the vibration of the rolling stock and the subways and improving the running stability and the comfort of the rolling stock and the subways, the demand is increased day by day, meanwhile, the performance requirement on the shock absorber product is higher, and the higher requirement is also put forward on the assembly of the shock absorber product.

The traditional hydraulic shock absorber for the railway vehicle is a passive shock absorber, passively outputs a certain damping characteristic at a certain stretching and compressing speed, and the damping characteristic of the traditional hydraulic shock absorber cannot be changed according to different road conditions, the running speed of the railway vehicle or the state of the railway vehicle or under other conditions that the damping characteristic needs to be changed so as to adapt to the requirement of the operation of the railway vehicle. Meanwhile, most of the conventional oil pressure absorbers with semi-active characteristics, which carry out different damping characteristic conversion according to different application conditions of vehicles, structurally belong to a single-oil-way structure, and the dynamic damping characteristic and the dynamic stiffness characteristic of the oil pressure absorber with the single-oil-way structure are generated by a single damping valve in a stretching and compressing mode. Secondly, the semi-active shock absorber used by the existing vehicle is complex in structure, and particularly when the vehicle runs at a high speed, certain reliability cannot be maintained, so that a semi-active shock absorber system which is simple in structure and reliable in operation is needed. Finally, as the operation time of the vehicle is prolonged, the wheel tread and the wheel rail contact surface are abraded, so that the wheel rail contact geometric parameters are changed, the stability of the vehicle is reduced, the running performance of the vehicle has to be ensured by turning the wheel and grinding the wheel rail, and if the turning wheel and the wheel rail grinding time can be prolonged by changing the damping coefficient of the shock absorber, the service life and the maintenance economy of the vehicle can be greatly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a dual-oil-path mechanical control variable damping passive oil pressure damper for a railway vehicle, which can convert different damping characteristics by using a mechanical switch according to different application speeds or different operating conditions of the vehicle, and can convert damping coefficients of the damper before and after unloading, and at the same time, has a simple structure adjustment, and is safe and reliable.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a double-oil-way mechanical control variable damping passive oil pressure shock absorber for a railway vehicle comprises an oil cylinder assembly, a piston assembly and a damping characteristic conversion valve assembly, wherein the piston assembly and the damping characteristic conversion valve assembly are installed on the oil cylinder assembly;

the oil cylinder assembly comprises a working cylinder and an oil storage cylinder, hydraulic oil is filled in the working cylinder and the oil storage cylinder, and the oil storage cylinder is installed at the outer end of the working cylinder;

the piston assembly comprises a piston with two ends not communicated with oil passages, and the piston is slidably arranged in the working cylinder and divides the working cylinder into a stretching oil cavity and a compression oil cavity;

the damping characteristic conversion valve assembly comprises at least two stretching oil way regulating valves connected in parallel and at least two compression oil way regulating valves connected in parallel, liquid inlet ends of the stretching oil way regulating valves and the compression oil way regulating valves are respectively communicated to the stretching oil cavity and the compression oil cavity, liquid outlet ends of the stretching oil way regulating valves and the compression oil way regulating valves are communicated to the oil storage barrel through different oil ways, and at least two damping valves which are communicated in a one-way mode and connected in parallel are mounted on the oil way communicated with each liquid outlet end.

In the invention, two ends of the piston are not communicated with oil passages, namely, hydraulic oil in the stretching oil cavity and the compression oil cavity can not enter the opposite side through the piston and can only enter the oil storage cylinder through the external oil passages. The stretching oil path regulating valve and the compression oil path regulating valve in the invention are both mechanical oil path regulating valves. At least two parallel mechanical oil way regulating valves are arranged on an oil way leading to the oil storage cylinder, one or more mechanical oil way regulating valves are controlled to be opened by regulating the mechanical oil way regulating valves, and hydraulic oil on the oil way is controlled to enter the oil storage cylinder after being combined by a damping valve. Each mechanical oil path regulating valve is connected with a damping valve on an oil path to form, and the magnitude of the regulated damping force is different, so that different mechanical oil path regulating valves can be selected, and the shock absorber can output a certain magnitude of damping characteristic to meet the requirement of vehicle operation. The mechanical adjustment is adopted, the adjustment is simple, and the reliability is high.

The hydraulic oil damper is characterized in that at least two damping valves which are communicated in a one-way mode and connected in parallel are mounted on an oil way communicated with the liquid outlet end of the mechanical oil way regulating valve, so that the dynamic damping characteristic and the dynamic rigidity characteristic of the hydraulic oil damper have symmetrical characteristics, the driving safety of a high-speed motor car in the using process is ensured, and the problem of potential safety hazard caused by the fact that the dynamic damping characteristic and the dynamic rigidity characteristic of the damper have asymmetrical characteristics due to the fact that a compression oil cavity and a stretching oil cavity are communicated through a single damping valve in the prior art is solved.

Further, the oil cylinder assembly further comprises a guide seat, a base body and an oil pipe; the guide seat and the base body are respectively installed at two ends of the working cylinder, two ends of the oil pipe are respectively connected with the guide seat and the base body, and the oil pipe is located between the working cylinder and the oil storage cylinder. The base body is used for supporting the shock absorber, and the guide seat is used for guiding and sealing the piston rod so that the piston, the inner end of which is attached to the inner wall of the working cylinder, slides in the working cylinder along the inner side wall of the working cylinder; the oil pipe is used for connecting the guide seat and the base body.

Further, a guide seat stretching oil way is arranged in the guide seat, a liquid inlet end of the guide seat stretching oil way is communicated with the stretching oil cavity, and a liquid outlet end of the guide seat stretching oil way is communicated with the oil through pipe; a tensile hydraulic oil output oil path and a compression hydraulic oil output oil path are arranged in the base body; the tensile hydraulic oil output oil way is communicated with the oil through pipe, and the compression hydraulic oil output oil way is communicated with the compression oil cavity.

According to the invention, the guide seat stretching oil path and the stretching hydraulic oil output oil path are arranged, so that hydraulic oil in the stretching oil cavity can conveniently enter the oil storage cylinder after passing through the guide seat stretching oil path, the oil through pipe, the stretching hydraulic oil output oil path, the stretching oil path adjusting valve and the damping valve; through being provided with compressed hydraulic oil output oil circuit to hydraulic oil in the compressed oil intracavity gets into in the oil storage section of thick bamboo after compressed hydraulic oil output oil circuit, compressed oil circuit adjusting valve and damping valve constitute.

The damping characteristic change-over valve assembly further comprises a switching block and a plurality of oil path adjusting sleeves, the switching block is mounted on the base body, the oil path adjusting sleeves are arranged in the switching block, and the tensile oil path adjusting valve and the compression oil path adjusting valve are mounted in the oil path adjusting sleeves; the switching block and the oil way adjusting sleeve are respectively internally provided with a switching block oil way and an adjusting sleeve oil way, the liquid inlet end of the switching block oil way is communicated with the stretching hydraulic oil output oil way and the compression hydraulic oil output oil way, and the liquid outlet end is communicated with a plurality of adjusting sleeve oil ways.

In the invention, the switching block is used for installing an oil way adjusting sleeve, and the oil way adjusting sleeve is used for installing an oil way adjusting valve; the oil paths are arranged in the switching block and the oil path adjusting sleeve, the oil path of the switching block is used for connecting the stretching hydraulic oil output oil path and the compression hydraulic oil output oil path and conveying the conveyed hydraulic oil to each adjusting sleeve oil path, and an oil path adjusting valve in each adjusting sleeve oil path controls the opening or closing of the oil path.

Furthermore, a plurality of damping valve oil ways and oil return oil ways which are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of oil way adjusting sleeves are arranged in the base body; the damping valve oil path is provided with at least two parallel damping valves, one end of the damping valve oil path is communicated with the output end of the adjusting sleeve oil path, the other end of the damping valve oil path is communicated with the oil liquid return oil path, and the oil liquid return oil path is communicated to the oil storage cylinder. The damping valve oil path is connected with the adjusting sleeve oil path, and the damping valve is arranged in the adjusting sleeve oil path, so that the hydraulic oil can generate damping force when passing through the adjusting sleeve oil path, and the damping effect is achieved, and the hydraulic oil in the oil path finally returns to the oil storage cylinder through the oil return oil path.

Further, the piston assembly further comprises a piston rod, a dust cover and a dust cover seat; the piston rod slides and wears to establish just inner connection in the guide holder the piston, the outer end fixed connection of piston rod the dust cover seat, the dust cover is located the piston rod outside, a dust cover pot head is established the oil storage section of thick bamboo outside, other end fixed connection the dust cover seat. The piston rod is used for transmitting the vibration of the vehicle to the piston; the dust cover is used for protecting the sliding piston assembly from dust.

Furthermore, the dustproof cover seat and the outer end of the base body are both connected with mounting seats, and rubber nodes are arranged in the mounting seats and used for mounting the vibration absorber on a railway vehicle needing vibration reduction.

Further, the stretching oil cavity and the compression oil cavity are communicated with the oil storage cylinder through a one-way valve plate. By arranging the one-way valve plate, when the shock absorber does stretching movement, oil in the oil storage cylinder enters the compressed oil cavity through the one-way valve plate so as to make up for hydraulic oil required to be compensated due to the increase of the volume of the compressed oil cavity; during compression movement, oil in the oil storage cylinder enters the stretching oil cavity through the one-way valve plate so as to make up for hydraulic oil required to be compensated due to the increase of the volume of the stretching oil cavity.

Furthermore, the damping valve comprises a damping valve, a valve cover on one side of the damping valve and a compression spring arranged on the other side of the damping valve in a propping mode, so that hydraulic oil can circulate conveniently to generate damping force.

Furthermore, the tension oil way adjusting valve and the compression oil way adjusting valve are respectively provided with two valves, two damping valves are mounted on each damping valve oil way to form a damping valve assembly, and the two damping valve assemblies respectively play roles in throttling unloading and unloading.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the oil pressure shock absorber, a plurality of mechanical oil path adjusting valves are arranged in parallel on oil paths of hydraulic oil in the stretching oil cavity and the compression oil cavity to the oil storage cylinder, so that the oil pressure shock absorber can perform conversion of different damping characteristics according to different application speeds or different running conditions of a vehicle; after the pre-adjustment is finished, the different damping characteristics of two or more oil pressure shock absorbers can be realized only by properly converting an external related mechanical oil way adjusting valve in the using process.

The hydraulic shock absorber is characterized in that the hydraulic shock absorber is composed of at least two damping valves which are communicated in a one-way mode and connected in parallel, and the oil circuit communicated with the liquid outlet end of the mechanical oil circuit adjusting valve is provided with a dynamic damping characteristic and a dynamic rigidity characteristic of the hydraulic shock absorber in a parallel mode, so that the dynamic damping characteristic and the dynamic rigidity characteristic of the hydraulic shock absorber have a symmetrical characteristic, the driving safety of a high-speed motor car in the using process is ensured, and the problem of potential safety hazards caused by the fact that the dynamic damping characteristic and the dynamic rigidity characteristic of the shock absorber have an asymmetrical characteristic due to the fact that a.

The hydraulic shock absorber adopts the mechanical oil way regulating valve to convert different damping characteristics, has simple structure adjustment, can keep certain reliability when a vehicle runs at high speed, and is safe and reliable; meanwhile, the mechanical adjustment is adopted, and compared with electric control conversion, the electric control conversion device has no possible electric control failure phenomenon and low failure rate.

The oil pressure shock absorber adopted by the invention can change the magnitude of unloading damping force, namely change the damping coefficient after unloading; the damping characteristic of the shock absorber before unloading, namely the damping coefficient before unloading can be converted, the damping coefficient of the shock absorber is changed, the grinding time of the turning wheel and the wheel rail is prolonged, and great influence is generated on the service life and the maintenance economy of the vehicle.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the outer end of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along the direction of two of the tension circuit adjustment valves;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along the direction of two compression oil path adjustment valves;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along the length of the cylinder at two tension and compression fluid passage trim valves;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the two tension and compression fluid passage trim valves of FIG. 5 of the present invention shown open;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the damper valve assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the variation of the damping characteristics of a conventional variable damping shock absorber;

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the damping characteristics of the shock absorber in accordance with the present invention;

in the figure: 1. an oil cylinder assembly; 11. a working cylinder; 111. stretching the oil cavity; 112. a compression oil chamber; 12. an oil storage cylinder; 13. a guide seat; 131. the guide seat stretches the oil way; 14. a base body; 141. stretching a hydraulic oil output oil way; 142. compressing a hydraulic oil output oil path; 143. a damping valve oil path; 144. the oil returns to the oil circuit; 15. an oil pipe is communicated; 16. a one-way valve plate; 2. a piston assembly; 21. a piston; 22. a piston rod; 23. a dust cover; 24. a dust cover seat; 3. a damping characteristic switching valve assembly; 31. a stretching oil way adjusting valve; 32. a compression oil path adjusting valve; 33. a damping valve; 331. a damping valve; 332. a valve housing; 333. a compression spring; 34. a transfer block; 35. an oil path adjusting sleeve; 4. a mounting seat; 5. and (4) rubber nodes.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.