Laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots
阅读说明：本技术 一种等径光斑的激光发射接收系统 (Laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots ) 是由 吕战强 闫德凯 谢宇宙 吴泽楷 白雪敏 于 2019-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种激光射击训练系统,具体说是一种利用激光进行模拟射击训练的系统。本发明一种等径光斑的激光发射接收系统,具有激光发射机和激光接收机；其中激光发射机安装在身管武器(身管武器包括除霰弹枪以外的枪械,以及具有直瞄射击能力的火炮)上,激光发射机发射光束的中心线与身管武器的瞄准线平行；在目标上安装有激光接收机；激光接收机能够接收激光发射机照射的光束,并在接收到激光束后发出相应的告知信号。激光发射机具有壳体；在壳体内设置有电池仓,电池仓内安装有电池；壳体的后方安装有激光发射头,在激光发射头的前方设置有圆柱状的光学通道,光学通道内部的前方由内向外安装有衍射镜片、O形隔圈一和窗口玻璃。(The invention relates to a laser shooting training system, in particular to a system for carrying out simulated shooting training by using laser. The invention relates to a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots, which is provided with a laser transmitter and a laser receiver; wherein the laser transmitter is mounted on a barrel weapon (the barrel weapon includes firearms other than shotguns, and artillery with direct-aiming firing capability), the centerline of the light beam emitted by the laser transmitter is parallel to the line of sight of the barrel weapon; a laser receiver is arranged on the target; the laser receiver can receive the light beam irradiated by the laser transmitter and send out a corresponding informing signal after receiving the laser beam. The laser transmitter has a housing; a battery bin is arranged in the shell, and a battery is arranged in the battery bin; the laser emitting head is installed at the rear of the shell, the cylindrical optical channel is arranged in front of the laser emitting head, and the diffraction lens, the O-shaped spacer ring I and the window glass are installed in front of the interior of the optical channel from inside to outside.)
1. A laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots is characterized in that: having a laser transmitter and a laser receiver; wherein the laser transmitter is arranged on the barrel weapon, and the central line of the light beam emitted by the laser transmitter is parallel to the aiming line of the barrel weapon; a laser receiver is arranged on the target; the laser receiver can receive the light beam irradiated by the laser transmitter and send out a corresponding informing signal after receiving the laser beam;
the laser transmitter has a housing; a battery bin is arranged in the shell, and a battery is arranged in the battery bin; the laser emitting head is installed at the rear of the shell, the cylindrical optical channel is arranged in front of the laser emitting head, and the diffraction lens, the O-shaped spacer ring I and the window glass are installed in front of the interior of the optical channel from inside to outside.
2. The laser transmitting and receiving system of the spot with the same diameter as the laser transmitting and receiving system of claim 1, wherein: and a convex lens is also arranged behind the diffraction lens and used for further reducing the included angle of the laser emitted by the laser emitting head and improving the parallelism of the laser.
3. The laser transmitting and receiving system of the spot with the same diameter as the laser transmitting and receiving system of claim 2, wherein: the convex lens is a single-sided convex lens, the preferred installation mode is that the plane end faces inwards, and an O-shaped sealing ring II is tightly attached and installed between the convex lens and the diffraction lens.
4. The laser transmitting and receiving system of the spot with the same diameter as the laser transmitting and receiving system of claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the optical channel is sprayed or electroplated with a reflective material, and the reflective material is a metal film or an optical coating.
5. The laser transmitting and receiving system of the spot with the same diameter as the laser transmitting and receiving system of claim 1, wherein: the optical coating is a diffuse reflective optical coating, the reflection of which to light is diffuse reflective.
6. A working method of a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots is characterized in that: when the laser transmitter works, laser beams are output through the diffraction lens, the energy distribution of the emitted laser beams after diffraction is strong in the center, the outward intensity is gradually reduced, and the change curve is gradually reduced according to the following formula:
wherein E0 is the light intensity in the central region; alpha is the included angle between the light and the central optical axis; e is the light intensity in the alpha angle direction; v is the half-angle width of a small region with a central constant intensity of E0;
the above functional relationship is the relationship between the distribution of beam energy in the far field and the transmission propagation direction after being transmitted by the laser transmitter; the ratio of the light intensity in the laser emitting direction to the light intensity of the central point is inversely proportional to the square of the included angle;
in the above formula, the v angle is small; the central region, with half angle v inside, is uniform in intensity, E = E0, with outward intensity decreasing rapidly with increasing angle,
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser shooting training system, in particular to a system for carrying out simulated shooting training by using laser.
Background
In military training, various types of shooting aiming training are common, and the aim of the training is to make shooters learn to shoot guns and learn to shoot guns accurately. However, this is only basic training, and in order to improve the shooting level in the actual combat environment, it is necessary to carry out the confrontation shooting training in the actual environment in the field by the shooter, and the confrontation parties carry out mutual shooting by using the terrain and tactical actions to train and verify the reaction and shooting ability of the shooter.
Since both sides of the above-mentioned confrontational training are real persons, they cannot be shot with each other using real bullets. In order to achieve the effect of confrontation shooting, the laser can be used for carrying out simulated shooting to achieve the effect of confrontation training, namely, the laser confrontation shooting system is used for training.
In a laser confrontation shooting system, each person participating in the battle training is provided with a laser transmitter on the gun and a laser receiver on the body. When one side holds the gun and pulls the trigger to the target, the laser transmitter emits a laser beam, and when the gun is correctly aimed at the target, the laser beam can be irradiated on the target person. At this time, the laser receiver worn by the target person can sense and output a signal to indicate the hit.
Laser emitter installs on the barrel, and laser receiver wears on personnel's body, can respond to the shining of laser. The laser receiver can also be made into a shoulder strap pattern to be worn on the body of the trainee.
In practical use, however, the laser beam has a small divergence, but the characteristic of the divergence cannot be eliminated, and the size of the laser beam depends on the parameters of the laser optical system. Because the laser beam has the divergence characteristic, the light spot is smaller when the laser is shot at a short distance, and the light spot is larger when the laser is shot at a long distance.
The light spots at different distances have different sizes, so that a shooter can shoot at a long distance, and the large light spots can easily cover the target, namely the target can be easily hit; and the light spot is small at a short distance, so that the upper target is difficult to hit by the small light spot, namely the target is difficult to hit at the short distance. The problem that the laser spots are inconsistent due to different distances is inconsistent with the actual live-action shooting situation, the fidelity of actual combat effect is influenced during laser shooting training, and the problem becomes a difficult problem for manufacturers producing laser trainers and a focus problem for troops users.
How to develop a laser transmitting and receiving system with the same laser spot at different distances is an urgent problem to be solved, thereby better enabling training to be close to actual shooting conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of different sizes of laser spots in the common combat training system, the invention designs the laser receiving and emitting system with the equal-diameter spots, which can effectively solve the problem of different sizes of the laser spots in the fight training.
The method comprises the steps of firstly analyzing the cause of laser spots in the original laser engagement system, and then providing a corresponding improvement method to realize the function of keeping the sizes of various distance spots unchanged.
In the conventional laser apparatus, the beam having the best quality is a gaussian beam, i.e., a theoretically optimal beam state. In practical engineering products, the beam state is mostly approximate to a gaussian beam or a combination state of several gaussian beams, and is generally close to the gaussian beam. The expression of the laser intensity of the gaussian beam is:
ψ（x,y,z）= exp{i[ P(z) +(1/2)*Q(z)r2]} （1）
the cross section of the Gaussian beam is circular, the intensity distribution of the Gaussian beam is strong at the center, and the smooth outward transition is gradually reduced. When viewed from the transmission path of the light beam, i.e. from the near to the far, the light beam becomes gradually larger due to divergence.
Generally, what is called as a spot is a light beam range which can be detected by an optical sensor, or a light intensity range which can be identified by human eyes, and although a range with weak partial illumination intensity exists, the range cannot be sensed, so that people think that the spot is not a spot; therefore, the light spot can also be defined as a range of the illumination intensity which is larger than the detection threshold value of the sensor; or is defined as: the light spot is an area formed by an envelope composed of points in the light beam, the light intensity of which is equal to the sensing threshold of the detection sensor.
According to the above definition, when the gaussian beam is transmitted to a long distance, the size of the light spot thereof exhibits the following characteristics: the light spot at a short distance is small; the light spot is gradually increased along with the increase of the distance; when the distance is further increased, the light beam area is large, the intensity at the position is weakened, only the light intensity at the central part can be sensed, and the light spot of the light beam is gradually reduced along with the increase of the distance; when the distance is further far away, the irradiation intensity of the center of the light beam is lower than the threshold value of the detection sensor, and the light spot cannot be detected, namely the maximum acting distance of the light spot is reached. In fact, at the maximum action distance and the farther position, the light beam still exists, but the light intensity is very weak; this type of spot distribution, known as a "spindle" beam, is typically applied using the distance at which the spot begins to diminish as the shot distance.
From the above, to achieve the effect of keeping the size of the light spot unchanged at different transmission distances, the energy distribution of the light beam cannot be distributed according to the characteristics of the gaussian light beam, and the light beam distribution should be redesigned to achieve the desired effect.
The invention designs a light beam transmitting and receiving system, which redistributes the energy distribution in the transmitted light beam according to the specified requirements, so that the sizes of light spots on the transmission path of the laser beam are the same, and the condition of simulated shooting training can be better met.
The invention relates to a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots, which is provided with a laser transmitter and a laser receiver; wherein the laser transmitter is mounted on a barrel weapon (the barrel weapon includes firearms other than shotguns, and artillery with direct-aiming firing capability), the centerline of the light beam emitted by the laser transmitter is parallel to the line of sight of the barrel weapon; a laser receiver is arranged on the target; the laser receiver can receive the light beam irradiated by the laser transmitter and send out a corresponding informing signal after receiving the laser beam.
The laser transmitter has a housing; a battery bin is arranged in the shell, and a battery is arranged in the battery bin; the laser emitting head is installed at the rear of the shell, the cylindrical optical channel is arranged in front of the laser emitting head, and the diffraction lens, the O-shaped spacer ring I and the window glass are installed in front of the interior of the optical channel from inside to outside.
After the laser beam passes through the diffraction lens, the distribution of the laser beam is changed by a predetermined amount. The diffraction lens is a binary optical element, and is formed by micromachining, when a laser beam passes through the diffraction lens, the light beam is diffracted, and a diffraction pattern is formed in a far field, namely a light spot range which can be accepted by a laser receiver; the shape of the pattern, i.e. the energy distribution, can be achieved by designing the microstructure of the diffractive lens.
Furthermore, a convex lens is further installed behind the diffraction lens, so that the included angle of the laser emitted by the laser emitting head is further reduced, and the parallelism of the laser is improved.
Preferably, the convex lens is a single-sided convex lens, the installation mode is preferably that the plane end faces inwards, and a second O-shaped sealing ring is tightly attached and installed between the convex lens and the diffraction lens.
The inner wall of the optical channel is sprayed or electroplated with a reflective material, and the reflective material is a metal film or an optical coating; preferably, the optical coating is a diffuse reflection optical coating, which reflects light diffusely and does not cause uneven distribution of laser energy compared to specular reflection.
The laser receiver is available.
The invention relates to a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots, wherein when a laser transmitter works, laser beams are output by a diffraction lens, the energy distribution of the transmitted laser beams is strong in the center after diffraction, the outward intensity is gradually reduced, and the change curve is gradually decreased according to the following formula:
wherein E0 is the light intensity in the central region; alpha is the included angle between the light and the central optical axis; e is the light intensity in the alpha angle direction; v is the half-angle width of a small region with a central constant intensity of E0.
The above functional relationship is the relationship between the distribution of beam energy in the far field and the transmission propagation direction after being transmitted by the laser transmitter; namely, the ratio of the light intensity in the laser emitting direction to the light intensity at the central point is inversely proportional to the square of the included angle.
In the above formula, the v angle is small; the central region, with half angle v inside, is uniform in intensity, E = E0, with outward intensity decreasing rapidly with increasing angle,
The light beam emitted by the laser transmitter is used for detection on a target side by the receiver with a fixed sensitivity threshold, the light spots which can be displayed have the same size on each distance, and the function of the light spots with the same diameter is realized, so that the live ammunition shooting with different distances can be truly simulated, and the distortion condition that the area of the light spots is increased along with the increase of the distance and is sharply reduced after the distance exceeds a certain distance in the conventional laser irradiation equipment is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the system provides a method for adjusting laser energy distribution by using a diffraction lens, realizes the function that the sizes of light spots of a laser transmitter on different shooting distances are the same, fundamentally solves the problem that the laser light spots are small and large in size in the past, and improves the fidelity of laser shooting simulation in laser engagement.
The invention will be illustrated by means of specific embodiments and figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a laser transmitter in a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser receiver in a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an optical channel structure of a laser transmitter in a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser transmitter mounted on a firearm in a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the use of the laser transmitting and receiving system in the conventional laser battle (the light spot is small and large).
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laser transmitting and receiving system in a conventional laser battle (a light spot is small and large).
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection structure inside a laser receiver in a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of gaussian beam distribution of the laser (the left side is a schematic diagram of a cross section, and the right side is a schematic diagram of light intensity distribution with O as a center).
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of gaussian beam distribution of laser (longitudinal cross section is in the shape of an elongated water drop, and the lower circle is in the shape of a spot with different distance).
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the laser spot in the ideal state on the whole path (the laser spot sizes at different distances are the same).
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram (a three-dimensional state) of the light intensity distribution of the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter in the laser emitting and receiving system with the equal-diameter light spots according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the light intensity distribution of the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter in the laser emitting and receiving system with the equal-diameter light spot according to the present invention (a longitudinal sectional view along the laser emitting direction).
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of energy intensities of laser beams emitted by a laser emitter in a laser emitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots at different distances according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of comparison of spot areas of laser beams emitted by a laser emitter in a laser emitting and receiving system with equal-diameter spots in different distances (the spot areas are the same).
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the calculated light intensity at different distances.
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a diffractive lens and a partially enlarged structure thereof according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-16:
the invention relates to a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots, which is provided with a
The
After the laser beam passes through the
Furthermore, a convex lens 1-8 is arranged behind the diffraction lens 1-5 to further reduce the included angle of the laser emitted by the laser emitting head 1-3 and improve the parallelism of the laser.
Preferably, the convex lenses 1-8 are single-sided convex lenses, the installation mode is preferably that the plane ends face inwards, and O-shaped sealing rings 1-9 are installed between the convex lenses 1-8 and the diffraction lenses 1-5 in a clinging mode.
Reflective materials are sprayed or electroplated on the inner walls of the optical channels 1-4, and the reflective materials are metal films or optical coatings; preferably, the optical coating is a diffuse reflection optical coating, which reflects light diffusely and does not cause uneven distribution of laser energy compared to specular reflection.
The
The invention relates to a laser transmitting and receiving system with equal-diameter light spots, wherein when a
（2）
wherein E0 is the light intensity in the central region; alpha is the included angle between the light and the central optical axis; e is the light intensity in the alpha angle direction; v is the half-angle width of a small region with a central constant intensity of E0.
The functional relationship of the above formula is shown in fig. 12, and after the
In the above formula, the v angle is small; the central region, with half angle v inside, is uniform in intensity, E = E0, with outward intensity decreasing rapidly with increasing angle,
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