阅读说明：本技术 热塑组合物、方法、装置和用途 (Thermoplastic composition, method, apparatus and use ) 是由 詹姆斯·R·科格罗夫 基恩·沃伊基乔斯基 于 2018-04-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：公开了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)组合物、用于生产TPU组合物的方法、使用TPU组合物的方法以及由其生产的装置。所公开的TPU组合物包括热塑性聚氨酯聚合物、热稳定剂、助流剂和填充材料。填料可以是玻璃纤维。所公开的TPU组合物具有改进的热稳定性和改进的流动性,适用于具有大量细小开口或孔的制品的注塑成型。由该组合物生产的制品具有优异的热稳定性、耐磨性和耐化学性。示例性的制品包括用于振动筛分机的筛分构件。(Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) compositions, processes for producing the TPU compositions, methods of using the TPU compositions, and devices produced therefrom are disclosed. The disclosed TPU compositions include a thermoplastic polyurethane polymer, a heat stabilizer, a flow aid, and a filler material. The filler may be glass fiber. The disclosed TPU compositions have improved thermal stability and improved flow properties and are suitable for injection molding of articles having a large number of fine openings or pores. Articles produced from the composition have excellent thermal stability, abrasion resistance and chemical resistance. Exemplary articles include screening members for vibratory screening machines.)

1. A composition, comprising:

a thermoplastic polyurethane, a polyurethane elastomer,

a thermal stabilizer selected to optimize the heat resistance of the composition,

a flow aid selected to optimize the use of the composition in injection molding, and

a filler comprising glass fibers, wherein the glass fibers comprise less than about 10% by weight of the thermoplastic polyurethane.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said glass fibers comprise less than about 7% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said glass fibers comprise less than about 5% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said glass fibers comprise less than about 3% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is made from a low free isocyanate monomer prepolymer.

6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the low free isocyanate monomeric prepolymer is p-phenylene diisocyanate.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is obtained by the following process: in the method, a thermoplastic polyurethane polymer prepared by reacting a urethane prepolymer having a free polyisocyanate monomer content of less than 1% by weight with a curing agent is thermally processed by extrusion at a temperature of 150 ℃ or higher.

8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the urethane prepolymer is prepared from a polyisocyanate monomer and a polyol, the polyol comprising an alkanediol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, and/or polycarbonate polyol, and the curing agent comprising a diol, triol, tetraol, alkylene polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polycarbonate polyol, diamine, or diamine derivative.

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein said thermal stabilizer is from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

10. The composition of claim 9 wherein said thermal stabilizer comprises a hindered phenol antioxidant.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the hindered phenolic antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) (CAS registry No. 6683-19-8).

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the flow aid is about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the thermoplastic polyurethane.

13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the glidant comprises vinyl sulfacetamide wax.

14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the vinyl sulfacetamide wax comprises stearyl amide, N' -1, 2-ethanediylbis (CAS registry No. 110-30-5), and stearic acid (CAS registry No. 57-11-4).

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the diameter or width of the glass fiber is less than about 20 μ ι η.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the glass fiber has a diameter or width of about 9 μ ι η to about 13 μ ι η.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the glass fibers have an initial length of less than about 3.4 mm.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the glass fibers have an initial length of about 3.1mm to about 3.2 mm.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the average length of the glass fibers in a hardened state after injection molding is less than about 1.5 mm.

20. The composition of claim 1, wherein the glass fibers in a hardened state after injection molding have a length distribution of about 1.0mm to about 3.2 mm.

21. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a uv stabilizer.

22. The composition of claim 1, wherein an article molded from the composition is a laser-weldable article.

23. A method of making a composition suitable for injection molding of an article having fine pores, the method comprising:

reacting the thermoplastic polyurethane, heat stabilizer, flow aid and filler at a temperature greater than about 150 ℃ to produce a thermoplastic polyurethane composition,

the filler comprises glass fibers, wherein the glass fibers comprise less than about 10% by weight of the thermoplastic polyurethane.

24. The composition of claim 23 wherein said glass fibers comprise less than about 7% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

25. The composition of claim 23 wherein said glass fibers comprise less than about 5% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

26. The composition of claim 23 wherein said glass fibers comprise less than about 3% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

27. The composition of claim 23 wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is made from a low free isocyanate monomer prepolymer.

28. The composition of claim 27, wherein the low free isocyanate monomeric prepolymer is p-phenylene diisocyanate.

29. The composition of claim 23, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is obtained by the following process: in the method, a thermoplastic polyurethane polymer prepared by reacting a urethane prepolymer having a free polyisocyanate monomer content of less than 1% by weight with a curing agent is thermally processed by extrusion at a temperature of 150 ℃ or higher.

30. The composition of claim 29, wherein the urethane prepolymer is prepared from a polyisocyanate monomer and a polyol, the polyol comprising an alkanediol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, and/or polycarbonate polyol, and the curing agent comprising a diol, triol, tetraol, alkylene polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polycarbonate polyol, diamine, or diamine derivative.

31. The composition of claim 23 wherein said thermal stabilizer is from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of said thermoplastic polyurethane.

32. The composition of claim 31 wherein said thermal stabilizer comprises a hindered phenol antioxidant.

33. The composition of claim 32 wherein the hindered phenolic antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) (CAS registry No. 6683-19-8).

34. The composition of claim 23, wherein the flow aid is about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the thermoplastic polyurethane.

35. The composition of claim 34, wherein the glidant comprises vinyl sulfacetamide wax.

36. The composition of claim 35, wherein the vinyl sulfacetamide wax comprises stearyl amide, N' -1, 2-ethanediylbis (CAS registry No. 110-30-5), and stearic acid (CAS registry No. 57-11-4).

37. The composition of claim 23, wherein the diameter or width of the glass fiber is less than about 20 μ ι η.

38. The composition of claim 23, wherein the diameter or width of the glass fiber is from about 9 μ ι η to about 13 μ ι η.

39. The composition of claim 23, wherein the glass fibers have an initial length of less than about 3.4 mm.

40. The composition of claim 23, wherein the glass fibers have an initial length of about 3.1mm to about 3.2 mm.

41. The composition of claim 23, wherein the average length of the glass fibers in a hardened state after injection molding is less than about 1.5 mm.

42. The composition of claim 23, wherein the glass fibers in a hardened state after injection molding have a length distribution of about 1.0mm to about 3.2 mm.

43. The composition of claim 23, further comprising a uv stabilizer.

44. The composition of claim 23, wherein an article molded from the composition is a laser-weldable article.

45. A method of making a screening element for a vibratory screen, the method comprising:

reacting a thermoplastic polyurethane, a heat stabilizer, a flow aid, and a glass fiber filler at a temperature greater than about 150 ℃ to produce a thermoplastic polyurethane composition;

providing a mould for a screening element;

introducing the produced thermoplastic polyurethane composition into the mould for a screening element, thereby forming a screening element; and

removing the screening elements from the mould for screening elements, the screening elements having a large number of openings of about 38 to about 150 μm.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein the mold is an injection mold.

47. The method of claim 45, wherein the screening member is effective to screen particles at temperatures up to about 38 ℃ to 94 ℃.

48. A screening member for a vibratory screening machine, comprising:

a screening member injection molded from the composition of claim 1, and

the screening element has openings of about 38 μm to about 150 μm.

49. The screening member of claim 48, wherein the screening member is effective to screen particles at temperatures up to about 37 ℃ to 94 ℃.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a top isometric view of a screen element according to one embodiment.

Figure 1A is a top view of the screening element shown in figure 1 according to one embodiment.

Figure 1B is a bottom isometric view of the screen element shown in figure 1 according to one embodiment.

Figure 1C is a bottom view of the screen element shown in figure 1 according to one embodiment.

Figure 2 is an enlarged top view of a broken away portion of the screening element shown in figure 1 according to one embodiment.

Figure 3 is an isometric view of an end subgrid showing a screen element prior to attachment to the end subgrid according to one embodiment.

Figure 3A is an exploded isometric view of the end subgrid shown in figure 3 with screen elements attached thereto according to one embodiment.

Figure 4 shows an exemplary screen assembly according to one embodiment resulting from the screen member and secondary mesh structure described below with reference to figures 1-3A.

Figure 5 shows results of actual field testing of screen assemblies according to one embodiment.

Detailed Description

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions, devices, methods, and uses of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (TPU). The disclosed embodiment TPU compositions may be used in an injection molding process to produce a screening member for a vibratory screening machine. Vibratory screening machines provide the ability to excite an installed screen so that material placed on the screen may be separated at a desired level. Oversized material is separated from undersized material. The disclosed compositions and screening elements are useful in technical fields related to the petroleum industry, gas/oil separation, mining, water purification, and other related industrial applications.

The disclosed embodiments provide screening elements that meet stringent requirements, such as: fine openings of about 43 μm to about 100 μm, which effectively screen similar sized particles; a large area screen of about a few square feet with a large open screen area of about 30% to 35%; thermally and mechanically stable screens that can withstand severe conditions during operation, such as compressive loads (e.g., forces of 1,500 to 3,000lbs. applied to the edges of the screen members and vibratory accelerations of up to 10G) and high temperature material loads (e.g., 37 to 94 ℃), while the weight loads are large and the material to be screened is subject to stringent chemical and abrasive conditions.

The disclosed embodiment materials and methods provide a hybrid process in which small screen elements are micro-molded using the disclosed TPU materials to reliably produce fine features of about 43 μm to about 100 μm to obtain screen elements with large open screen areas. As discussed in more detail below, the disclosed TPU materials include embodiments having the following characteristics: optimized amounts of fillers, heat stabilizers and flow aids as additives to suitable thermoplastic polyurethanes. These additives in turn allow small screen elements to be securely attached (e.g., via laser welding) to the subgrid structure to provide mechanical stability that can withstand the large mechanical loads and accelerations described above. For example, glass fibers may be used as a filler material that reinforces the TPU material, thereby securely connecting the screen element with the secondary mesh structure with enhanced structural stability. However, the addition of a large amount of glass fiber may cause an increase in difficulty of laser welding, considering that the refractive property of glass provides an obstacle to a laser system. Any amount of additives will necessarily also dilute the thermoplastic polyurethane. Similarly, a minimal but effective amount of thermal stabilizer should be added, wherein the amount of additive should be sufficient to allow the end structure to withstand the addition of high temperature materials as described above.

As discussed in more detail below, the amount of additives in the disclosed TPU compositions may also vary based on the desired thickness T of the screen element surface elements, as discussed in detail in U.S. patent application nos. 15/965,195 and 62/648,771, which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, as discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/965,195 paragraphs [00366] through [00373] and corresponding tables 1 through 4, the thickness T of the screen element surface elements may be varied in an attempt to maximize the percentage of open area across the screen assembly, which may help improve the efficiency of the screen assembly when in use.

A plurality of these optimized subgrid structures can then be assembled into a screen structure having a large surface area (on the order of several square feet). Screen assemblies based on the disclosed TPU compositions can be used, for example, in the manner described in U.S. patent application Nos. 15/965,195 and 62/648,771. For example, as outlined in U.S. patent application No. 15/965,195, paragraphs [0017] to [0021], a mesh frame based on the disclosed TPU compositions, when secured to a vibratory screening machine, can provide the desired durability against damage or deformation under the substantial vibratory loading loads to which it is subjected. When assembled to form a complete screen assembly, the subgrid is strong enough to withstand not only the forces required to secure the screen assembly to the vibratory screening machine, but also the extreme conditions that may occur in vibratory loading. As discussed in detail in paragraphs [00280] through [00282] of the specification of U.S. patent application No. 15/965,195, a preferred method of securing the screen elements to the subgrid may include laser welding weld bars disposed on the subgrid. Thus, the disclosed TPU compositions can be used to make the cited vibratory screening devices that are capable of withstanding the extreme conditions discussed herein and in U.S. patent application No. 15/965,195.

Screen assemblies based on the disclosed TPU compositions can also be configured to be installed in U.S. patent nos. 7,578,394; 5,332,101, respectively; 6,669,027, respectively; 6,431,366; and 6,820,748. Such screen assemblies may include: a side or binder bar comprising a U-shaped member configured to receive a suspended tension member, as described in U.S. patent No. 5,332,101; a side or binder strip including a finger receiving aperture configured to receive a hidden (under mount) tensioning member, as described in U.S. patent No. 6,669,027; side members or binder strips for compressive loading, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394; or may be configured to attach and load onto a multi-layer machine, such as the machine described in U.S. patent No. 6,431,366.

Screen assemblies and/or screen elements based on the disclosed TPU compositions can also be configured to include the features described in U.S. patent 8,443,984, including the guide assembly technology described therein and the preformed plate technology described therein. Still further, screen assemblies and screen elements based on the disclosed TPU compositions can be configured to be incorporated into pre-screening technology, as described in U.S. patent nos. 7,578,394; 5,332,101, respectively; 4,882,054, respectively; 4,857,176, respectively; 6,669,027, respectively; 7,228,971, respectively; 6,431,366; 6,820,748, respectively; 8,443,984, respectively; and 8,439,203, the mounting structure and screening structure are compatible. The disclosure of each of these patent documents, their related patent families and applications, and the patents and patent applications cited in these documents, are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Exemplary screening embodiments

Screening elements made from thermoset and thermoplastic polymers are described in the above-referenced patent documents (i.e., U.S. provisional patent application serial nos. 61/652,039 and 61/714,882; U.S. patent application No. 13/800,826; U.S. patent No. 9,409,209; U.S. patent No. 9,884,344; and U.S. patent application No. 15/851,099), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Fig. 1-3A illustrate exemplary embodiment screening elements produced by an injection molding process using the disclosed TPU compositions. Figures 1-1C show an embodiment screening element 416 with essentially parallel screening element end 20 and essentially parallel screening element side 22, which is essentially perpendicular to the screening element end 20. The screen element 416 may include a plurality of tapered counterbores 470 that may facilitate removal of the screen element 416 from the mold, as described in more detail in the above-mentioned patent documents. The screen element 416 may further include an alignment aperture 424, which may be located in the center of the screen element 416 and in each of the four corners of the screen element 416. The registration apertures 424 may be used to attach the screening elements 416 to the secondary mesh structure, as described in more detail below with reference to fig. 3 and 3A.

As shown in fig. 1 and 1A, the screening element 416 has a screening surface 13, and the screening surface 13 includes solid surface elements 84 (shown in close-up view in fig. 2) parallel to the screening element end 20 and forming the screening openings 86, as described in more detail below.

Figures 1B and 1C show bottom views of the screen element 416 with the screen element 416 having a first screen element support member 28 extending between the ends 20 and substantially perpendicular to the ends 20. Figure 1B also shows a second screen element support member 30 perpendicular to the first screen element support member 28, extending between the side edges 22, substantially parallel to the end 20 and substantially perpendicular to the side 22. The screen element may further comprise a first series of reinforcement members 32 substantially parallel to the lateral edge portions 22 and a second series of reinforcement members 34 substantially parallel to the end portions 20. The end portions 20, the side edge portions 22, the first screen element support member 28, the second screen element support member 30, the first series of reinforcement members 32, and the second series of reinforcement members 34 may structurally stabilize the screen surface elements 84 and screening openings 86 during various loads, including distribution of compressive forces and/or vibratory loading conditions.

As shown in fig. 1B and 1C, the screen element 416 may include one or more attachment arrangements 472, which may include a plurality of extensions, cavities, or a combination of extensions and cavities. In this example, the attachment arrangement 472 is a plurality of cavities. The attachment arrangement 472 is configured to match a complementary attachment arrangement of the subgrid structure. For example, the secondary lattice structure 414 (shown in fig. 3 and 3A) has a plurality of fusion bars 476 and 478 that mate with pockets 472 of the screen element 416, as described in more detail below with reference to fig. 3 and 3A.

As shown in fig. 2, screening openings 86 may be elongated slots having a length L and a width W separated by cover members 84 (which have a thickness T). The thickness T may vary depending on the screening application and the configuration of the screening openings 86. Depending on the desired open screening area and width W of the screening openings 86, the thickness T may be selected to be about 0.003 inches to about 0.020 inches (i.e., about 76 μm to about 508 μm). In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness T of the surface element may be 0.015 inches (i.e., 381 μm). However, the properties of the disclosed TPU compositions allow for the formation of thinner surface elements, such as surface elements having a thickness T of 0.007 inches (i.e., 177.8 μm). The smaller the thickness T of the surface elements, the larger the screening area of the screening element. For example, a thickness T of 0.014 inches would provide about 10-15% open screen elements, while a thickness T of 0.003 inches would provide about 30-35% open screen elements, thereby increasing the open screen area.

As mentioned above, the screening opening 86 has a width W. In an exemplary embodiment, the width W between the inner surfaces of each screen surface element 84 may be approximately 38 μm to approximately 150 μm (i.e., approximately 0.0015 to approximately 0.0059 inches). The aspect ratio of the openings may range from 1:1 (i.e., corresponding to a circular hole) to 120:1 (i.e., a long slot). In an exemplary embodiment, the openings may preferably be rectangular and may have an aspect ratio of about 20:1 (e.g., 860 μm in length; 43 μm in width) to about 30:1 (i.e., 1290 μm in length; 43 μm in width). The screening openings are not required to be rectangular, but may be thermoplastic injection molded to include any shape suitable for the particular screening application, including approximately square, circular, and/or oval.

As described in more detail below, to increase stability, the screen surface elements 84 may include an integral fibrous material (e.g., glass fibers) that may be substantially parallel to the end portions 20. The screening element 416 may be a single thermoplastic injection molded part. The screening element 416 may also include a plurality of thermoplastic injection molded pieces, each of which is configured to span one or more grid openings. As described in more detail in the above-referenced patent documents, utilizing small thermoplastic injection molded screen elements 416 attached to a mesh frame as described below provides substantial advantages over existing screen assemblies.

Figures 3 and 3A illustrate the process of attaching the screening element 416 to the end subgrid unit 414 according to one embodiment. The screen element 416 may be aligned with the end subgrid unit 414 by elongated attachment members 444 (of the subgrid 414) that engage the registration apertures 424 on the underside of the screen element 416 (see, e.g., fig. 1-1C). In this aspect, the elongated attachment members 444 of the secondary mesh 414 enter the screen element locating apertures 424 of the screen element 416. The elongated attachment members 444 of the end subgrid 414 may then be melted to fill the tapered holes of the screen element attachment holes 424, thereby securing the screen element 416 to the subgrid unit 414. Attachment through the elongated attachment members 444 and the screen element locating apertures 424 is but one method of attaching the screen member 416 to the subgrid 414.

Alternatively, the screening element 416 may be secured to the end subgrid unit 414 using adhesives, fasteners and fastener holes, laser welding, etc. As described above, the sealing bars 476 and 478 of the secondary mesh 414 (see, e.g., fig. 3 and 3A) may be configured to fit into the pockets 472 of the screen element 416 (see, e.g., fig. 1-3C). Upon application of heat (e.g., by laser welding, etc.), the weld bars 476 and 478 may melt, thereby forming bonds between the screen element 416 and the subgrid 414 after cooling.

Arranging the screen elements 416 on a secondary mesh (e.g., secondary mesh 414), which may also be thermoplastic injection molded, facilitates easy construction of a full screen assembly with very fine screen openings. Arranging the screen elements 416 on a subgrid also allows for substantial variation in the overall size and/or configuration of the screen assembly 10, which may be varied by including more or fewer subgrids or subgrids having different shapes, etc. In addition, screen assemblies having various screen opening sizes or screen opening size gradients may be constructed simply by incorporating screen elements 416 having different sized screen openings into the subgrids and connecting the subgrids to form the desired configuration.

The screens described above with reference to fig. 1 to 3 and disclosed in the above referenced patent documents have small screening openings suitable for use as screening members. The disclosed TPU compositions also allow these screens to function effectively in each of the following key areas: structural stability and durability; the ability to withstand compressive type loads; the ability to withstand high temperatures; extended commercial life despite potential wear, cutting or tearing; and a manufacturing process that is not unduly complex, time consuming, or prone to error.

Accordingly, there is a need for improved TPU compositions having improved chemical properties that can be formed by injection molding into screening members and screening assemblies having improved physical properties.

The disclosed compositions generally include a TPU material, a thermal stabilizer selected to optimize the heat resistance of the composition, a flow aid selected to optimize the use of the composition in injection molding, and a filler material selected to optimize the hardness of the resulting composite. The filler may be included in an amount less than about 10 weight percent of the TPU. In one embodiment, the filler is provided in an amount of about 7% by weight of the TPU. In other exemplary embodiments, the filler is provided in an amount less than about 7%, less than about 5%, or less than about 3% by weight of the TPU.

One example of a filler material includes glass fibers. The glass fibers may be incorporated in amounts that facilitate use of the composition in injection molding, increase the hardness of the composition after hardening, increase the heat resistance of the final product, but do not preclude laser welding of the composition to other materials.

The initial length of the glass fibers may be from about 1.0mm to about 4.0 mm. In one embodiment, the initial length of the glass fibers is about 3.175mm (i.e., 1/8 inches). The glass fibers can also have a diameter of less than about 20 μm, for example from about 2 μm to about 20 μm. In an exemplary embodiment, the glass fibers have a diameter of about 9 μm to about 13 μm.

The TPU material can be made from a low free isocyanate monomer prepolymer. In an exemplary embodiment, the low free isocyanate monomer prepolymer may be selected to be p-phenylene diisocyanate (p-phenylene di-isocyanate). In further embodiments, other prepolymers may be selected. The TPU may be produced by first reacting a urethane prepolymer with a curative. The urethane prepolymer may be selected to have a free polyisocyanate monomer (polyisocynatanomer) content of less than 1% by weight.

The resulting material can then be heat treated by extrusion at a temperature of 150 ℃ or higher to form the TPU polymer. Urethane prepolymers may be prepared from polyisocyanate monomers and polyols (polyols) including alkanediols (alkone diol), polyether polyols (polyether polyols), polyester polyols (polyester polyols), polycaprolactone polyols (polycaprolactone polyols), and/or polycarbonate polyols. In an exemplary embodiment, the curing agent may include a diol, triol, tetraol, alkylene polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polycarbonate polyol, diamine, or diamine derivative.

According to one embodiment, the above thermal stabilizers may be included in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the TPU. The thermal stabilizer may be a hindered phenolic antioxidant. The hindered phenolic antioxidant can be pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) (CAS registry number 6683-19-8). Optionally, Ultraviolet (UV) light stabilizers may be included. In some embodiments, the thermal stabilizer will also act as an ultraviolet light stabilizer.

According to one embodiment, the above glidant may be included in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the TPU. The glidant may be selected from ethylene sulfacetamide wax (ethylene sulfamide wax). The vinyl sulfacetamide wax may include octadecanamide (octadecanoamide), N' -1, 2-ethanediylbis (CAS registry No. 110-30-5), and stearic acid (CAS registry No. 57-11-4). In other embodiments, other glidants may be selected.

According to one embodiment, the diameter or width of the above-described glass fiber may be about 2 to about 20 μm, about 9 to about 13 μm, or may have a diameter or width of about 11 μm. The initial length of the glass fibers may be from about 3.1mm to about 3.2 mm. The final average length of the glass fibers in a hardened state after injection molding may be less than about 1.5mm due to fiber breakage during processing. In the final hardened state after injection molding, the fibers may be characterized by a length distribution ranging from about 1.0mm to about 3.2mm, with some of the fibers remaining unbroken.

Disclosed embodiments include methods of making and using TPU compositions suitable for injection molding of articles having fine pores. An embodiment method includes reacting the TPU, the heat stabilizer, the flow aid, and the filler material at a temperature greater than about 150 ℃ to produce the TPU composition. The filler may include glass fibers having a diameter of about 2 μm to about 20 μm, the amount of glass fibers being selected to optimize the hardness of an article molded from the TPU composition. The TPU may be a polycarbonate TPU. The TPU may be a prepolymer prior to the reacting step. The glass fibers may be present in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the TPU. In one embodiment, the glass fibers may be present in an amount of about 7 weight percent of the TPU.

Articles molded from the compositions disclosed herein are suitable for joining by various methods including laser welding. In this regard, the resulting article may be laser welded to other articles, such as support structures.

An exemplary article includes a screening member for a shaker screen as described above. The disclosed TPU material as described above may then be used in an injection molding process to create the screening element. In this regard, the TPU material may be introduced/injected at elevated temperatures into a suitably designed mold. The temperature may be selected to be a temperature at which the TPU material has a sufficiently reduced viscosity to allow the material to flow into the mold. After cooling, the resulting solidified screen member may be removed from the mold.

The resulting screen member may be designed with a plurality of openings having an opening width in the range of about 38 μm to about 150 μm. Screens having such openings can be used to remove particles from various industrial fluids, thereby filtering/cleaning the fluids. Particles larger than the width of the sieving opening can be effectively removed. The desirable thermal properties of the TPU material allow a screening member made from the TPU material to effectively screen particles at elevated temperatures (e.g., up to a use temperature of about 82 ℃ to 94 ℃).

The characteristics of the disclosed TPU compositions, and products produced therefrom, include temperature and flow characteristics, which facilitate the production of very fine, high resolution structures using techniques such as injection molding. The resulting final product also has excellent thermal stability at elevated operating temperatures (e.g., up to about 94 ℃). The resulting structure also exhibits sufficient structural stiffness to withstand compressive loads while maintaining small openings, thereby allowing sieving of micron-sized particulate matter. The structures produced from the disclosed TPU materials also exhibit cut, tear, and abrasion resistance, as well as chemical resistance in hydrocarbon-rich environments (e.g., environments that include hydrocarbons such as diesel).

Thermoplastic polyurethanes

The disclosed embodiments provide thermoplastic compositions comprising polyurethanes, which are a class of macromolecular plastics known as polymers. Typically, polymers such as polyurethanes comprise smaller repeat units called monomers. The monomers may be chemically linked end-to-end to form a primary long chain backbone molecule with or without attached pendant groups. In an exemplary embodiment, the polyurethane polymer can be characterized as, for example, comprising carbonate groups (-NHCO)₂) A molecular backbone of (a).

Although generally classified as plastics, thermoplastic compositions include polymer chains that are not covalently bonded or cross-linked to one another. The lack of cross-linking of the polymer chains causes the thermoplastic polymer to melt when subjected to high temperatures. Furthermore, thermoplastics are reversibly thermoformable, which means that they can be melted, formed into the desired structure and later re-melted in whole or in part. The ability to re-melt the thermoplastic allows for optional downstream processing (e.g., recycling) of the articles produced from the thermoplastic. Such TPU-based articles can also be melted at discrete locations by applying a heat source to specific locations on the article. In this regard, articles produced from the disclosed TPU compositions are suitable for joining using welding (e.g., laser welding) to effectively secure the TPU-based screening member to a suitable screening frame.

The disclosed TPU materials exhibit desirable properties at extreme temperatures and harsh chemical environments. In exemplary embodiments, such TPU materials can be made from low free isocyanate monomer (LF) prepolymers. Exemplary (LF) prepolymers may include p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) having a low free isocyanate content. In other embodiments, different suitable prepolymers may be used.

Exemplary TPU materials can be produced as follows. The TPU polymer may be produced by reacting a urethane prepolymer having a free polyisocyanate monomer content of less than 1% by weight with a curative. The resulting material can then be heat treated by extrusion at a temperature of 150 ℃ (or higher) to form a TPU material. The urethane prepolymer may be prepared from a polyisocyanate monomer and a polyol including an alkanediol, a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycaprolactone polyol, and/or a polycarbonate polyol. The curing agent may include a diol, triol, tetraol, alkylene polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polycarbonate polyol, diamine, or diamine derivative.

According to various embodiments, the disclosed TPU materials may then be combined with thermal stabilizers, flow aids, and filler materials. In further embodiments, other additives may be included as desired.

In general, the disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that can be formed by reacting a polyol with a polyisocyanate and a polymeric chain extender. Exemplary embodiments include synthetic production processes and processes for making TPU compositions. The disclosed method may include reacting a monomer, a curing agent, and a chain extender in a reaction vessel to form a prepolymer. The disclosed method may further comprise forming a prepolymer by reacting a diisocyanate (OCN-R-NCO) with a diol (HO-R-OH). Formation of the prepolymer involves chemically linking two reactant molecules to produce a chemical product having an alcohol (OH) at one position of the product molecule and an isocyanate (NCO) at the other position. In one embodiment, the disclosed prepolymers include both reactive alcohols (OH) and reactive isocyanates (NCO). Articles produced using the TPU compositions disclosed herein can be fully cured polymer resins that can be stored as solid plastics.

The disclosed embodiments provide prepolymers that can be prepared from polyisocyanate monomers and curing agents. Non-limiting examples of the curing agent may include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (cyclohexadiol), hydroquinone-bishydroxyalkyl (e.g., hydroquinone-bishydroxyethyl ether), diethylene glycol (diethylene glycol), dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, triethylene glycol (triethylene glycol), and the like, dimethylthio-2,4-toluenediamine (dimethylthio-2,4-toluenediamine), di-p-aminobenzoate (di-p-aminobenzoate), phenyldiethanolamine (phenyldiethanolamine) mixture, methylenedianiline sodium chloride complex (methylene dianiline sodium chloride complex), and the like.

In exemplary embodiments, the polyol may include an alkanediol, a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycaprolactone polyol, and/or a polycarbonate polyol. In certain embodiments, the polyol may include polycarbonate polyols, alone or in combination with other polyols.

Heat stabilizer

The disclosed heat stabilizers can include additives such as organosulfur compounds, which are highly effective hydroperoxide decomposers that thermally stabilize polymers. Non-limiting examples of thermal stabilizers include: organophosphites such as triphenyl phosphite, tris- (2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphite (tris- (2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphite), tris- (mixed mono-and di-nonylphenyl) phosphite (tris- (mixed mono-and di-nonylphenyl) phosphite), and the like; phosphonates such as dimethylbenzene phosphonate or the like; phosphoric acid esters such as trimethyl phosphate and the like; dihexylthiodiformate, dicyclohexyl-10,10 '-thiodicaprate, dicetylthiodiformate, dicetyl-10, 10' -thiodicaprate, dioctyl-4,4-thiodibutyrate, diphenyl-2,2'-thiodiacetate (thiodiglycolate), dilauryl-3,3' -thiodipropionate, distearyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate, di (p-tolyl) -4,4' -thiodibutyrate, lauryl-3,3'-thiodipropionate, palmitoyl-stearyl-2, 2' -thiodiacetate, dilauryl-2-methyl-2,2'-thiodiacetate, di (n-tolyl) -4,4' -thiodipropionate, di (n-butyl) thiodipropionate, Dodecyl 3- (dodecyloxycarbonylmethylthio) propionate, stearyl4- (myristyloxycarbonylmethylthio) butyrate, diheptyl 4,4-thiodibenzoate, dicyclohexyl 4,4 '-thiodicyclohexyl, dilauryl 5,5' -thio-4-methylbenzoate (dihexylthiodiformational diol-10, 10 '-thiodiglycolic diol-4, 4-thiodiglycolic diol-2, 2' -thiodiglycolate (thiodiglycolate) diol-3, 3 '-thiodiglycolate (di-butyl) -4,4' -thiodiglycolate-3, 3 '-thiodiglycolate-2, 2' -thiodiglycolate, 2' -thiodiacetatedecamethylene 3- (cyclododecylmethhyl) propionate stearyl4- (myeloxylylmethhyl) butyl dihexyl-4, 4' -thiodiacetatecyclohexane-4, 5' -thiodiglycolate); and mixtures thereof. When present, the heat stabilizer may be included in an amount of from about 0.0001 weight percent to about 5 weight percent, based on the weight of the base polymer component used in the TPU composition. The inclusion of the organosulfur compound can also improve the thermal stability of the TPU composition and articles produced therefrom.

In an exemplary embodiment, the thermal stabilizer may be a hindered phenolic antioxidant, such as pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) (CAS registry number 6683-19-8). In exemplary embodiments, thermal stabilizers may be included in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the TPU.

Glidants

The flow aid serves to enhance the flow properties of the TPU material so that such TPU material can be easily injected into the mold. The injection time of the disclosed TPU materials is preferably from about 1 to about 2 seconds. In one embodiment, an average flow time of about 1.6 seconds has been achieved. Glidants are used to achieve such injection times.

The disclosed TPU compositions can include a flow aid that improves lubricity to increase the flow of the molten polymer composition relative to the outer surface (i.e., increase external flow). Flow aids may also increase the flow of individual polymer chains in the thermoplastic melt (i.e., to increase internal flow).

The disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that can include an internal flow aid that can be readily compatible with the polymer matrix. For example, the internal glidant may have a similar polarity, which improves the ease of flow of the melt by preventing internal friction between individual particles of the polymer. In certain embodiments, TPU compositions including internal flow aids can improve molding properties. For example, in one particular embodiment, the TPU composition can be used to produce articles having small or very small openings. In another embodiment, the TPU composition can be used to produce articles with very fine openings by injection molding. In a further embodiment, the improved flow properties of the TPU composition allow for the production of high resolution articles with small or very small openings.

The disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that may include an external flow aid that is more or less compatible with the polymer matrix of the TPU composition. For example, the external glidant may have a different polarity relative to the TPU composition polymer. Since the external flow aid may be incompatible with the TPU polymer matrix of the composition, the external flow aid may act as an external lubricating film between the polymer and the hot metal surfaces of the processing machine. Thus, the external lubricant may prevent the polymer melt from adhering to machine parts (e.g., an extruder), and in the case of injection molding, may also reduce the force required to remove the solidified polymer from the mold (i.e., may improve demolding).

Non-limiting examples of glidants that may be included in the TPU composition include amines (e.g., methylene bis stearamide), waxes, lubricants, talc, and dispersants. The disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that may also include one or more inorganic flow aids, such as hydrated silicon dioxide, amorphous alumina, glass silica, glass phosphates, glass borates, glass oxides, titanium dioxide, talc, mica, fumed silica, kaolin, palygorskite, calcium silicate, alumina, and magnesium silicate. The amount of glidant may vary depending on the nature and particle size of the particular glidant selected.

In an exemplary embodiment, the glidant may be a wax, such as ethylene sulfacetamide wax. The vinyl sulfacetamide wax may include octadecanamide, N' -1, 2-ethanediylbis (C)₃₈H₇₆N₂O₂(ii) a CAS registry number 100-30-5) and stearic acid [ CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COOH; CAS registry number 57-11-4]. In exemplary embodiments, the glidant may be present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the TPU.

By reducing or eliminating the presence of certain compounds, such as calcium stearate, improved flow properties of the TPU composition can be achieved.

Filler material

As noted above, the disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that may also include fillers including inorganic materials. The filler reinforces and hardens the TPU-based material, thereby enhancing the properties of the object injection molded from the TPU material. For example, the filler helps to maintain the shape of small openings, holes or pores formed in an object injection molded from the TPU composition. For example, in some embodiments, the fibers allow for light transmission for laser welding the molded TPU component to the support structure.

In exemplary embodiments, as described above, glass fibers may be used as the filler material. The glass fibers may take the form of solid or hollow glass tubes. In exemplary embodiments, the diameter (or width, if not circular) of the glass tube may be about 2 μm to about 20 μm. In exemplary embodiments, the diameter (or width, if not circular) of the glass fibers may be about 9 μm to about 13 μm. In one embodiment, the diameter or width of the glass fibers may be 11 μm. The initial length of the glass fibers may be from about 3.0mm to about 3.4 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the initial length of the glass fibers may be 1/8 inches (i.e., 3.175 mm). However, during processing of the TPU material, the glass fibers may break and become shorter. In the hardened state after injection molding, the average length of the glass fibers may be less than about 1.5mm, with the majority of the fibers ranging from about 1.0mm to about 3.2 mm. Some of the fibers retain their original length, but most break into smaller pieces.

To allow laser welding of the TPU composition, it is desirable to use as little glass fiber as possible. Too much glass fiber results in too high an amount of reflection/refraction of the laser light. Additionally, as the glass fiber content increases, the desired properties of the TPU composition may decrease. Glass fibers having a sufficiently large diameter may perform better with laser-weldable compositions. Such large diameter fibers may also provide desirable reinforcement and stiffening properties. However, the diameter of the glass fibers should not be too large, as the desired flow properties may decrease as the diameter of the glass fibers increases, thereby decreasing the suitability of the resulting composition for injection molding.

In compositions developed for injection molding of structures with sub-millimeter features, the glass fiber filler material should not contain fibers with a diameter larger than 50 μm, but should preferably be smaller than 20 μm. Carbon fibers should be avoided because they are not translucent and thus may not work for laser welding. TPU-based objects designed to be connectable by laser welding may have optical properties that allow the laser to pass through the TPU material. In this way, the laser can pass through the TPU object and can impinge on the adjacent structure (e.g., of the nylon subgrid). The nylon material of the subgrid is a thermoplastic that has a dark color that absorbs laser light and can therefore be heated by the laser. After absorption of the laser, the TPU and adjacent nylon may be heated to a temperature above their respective melting temperatures. In this way, both materials can melt and, upon cooling, a mechanical lap can be formed at the interface between the TPU and the nylon, thereby welding the components together.

The disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that may also include particulate fillers that may have any configuration including, for example, spheres, platelets, fibers, acicular (i.e., needle-like) structures, flakes, whiskers, or irregular shapes. Suitable fillers may range from about 1nm to about 500 μm in average longest dimension. Some embodiments may include filler materials having an average longest dimension in a range of about 10nm to about 100 μm. Some fibrous, needle-like or whisker-like filler materials (e.g., glass or wollastonite) can have an average aspect ratio (i.e., length/diameter) in the range of about 1.5 to about 1000. Longer fibers may also be used in other embodiments.

The platy filler material (e.g., mica, talc, or kaolin) can have an average aspect ratio (i.e., average diameter/average thickness of circles of the same area) of greater than about 5. In one embodiment, the aspect ratio of the plate-like filler material may range from about 10 to about 1000. In further embodiments, the aspect ratio of such sheet materials may range from about 10 to about 200. Bimodal, trimodal, or higher aspect ratio mixtures may also be used. Combinations of fillers may also be used in certain embodiments.

According to one embodiment, the TPU composition may include natural, synthetic, mineral or non-mineral filler materials. The suitable filler material may be selected to have sufficient heat resistance to maintain the solid physical structure of the filler material at least at the processing temperature of the TPU composition with which it is combined. In certain embodiments, suitable fillers may include clays, nanoclays, carbon black, wood flour (with or without oil), and various forms of silica. The silica material may be precipitated or hydrated, fumed or coked, vitreous, fused or colloidal. Such silica materials may include common sand, glass, metals and inorganic oxides. The inorganic oxide may include metal oxides of groups IB, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB (excluding carbon), VA, VIA, VIIA and VIII of periods 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic Table of the elements.

The filler material may also include metal oxides such as alumina, titania, zirconia, titania, nano-sized titania, aluminum trihydrate, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, antimony trioxide, aluminum, ammonium, or magnesium hydroxide. The filler material may further comprise alkali and alkaline earth metal carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Mineral-based materials may include calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, fuller's earth, sand-algae earth, mica, talc, slate flour, volcanic ash, cotton chips, asbestos, and kaolin.

The filler material may also include alkali and alkaline earth metal sulfates, such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate, titanium, zeolites, wollastonite, titanium boride, zinc borate, tungsten carbide, ferrites, molybdenum disulfide, cristobalite, aluminosilicates including vermiculite, bentonite, montmorillonite, sodium montmorillonite, calcium montmorillonite, hydrated sodium calcium aluminum magnesium silicate hydroxide, pyrophyllite, magnesium aluminum silicate, lithium aluminum silicate, zirconium silicate, and combinations of the foregoing filler materials.

The disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions, which may include fibrous fillers, such as glass fibers (as described above), basalt fibers, aramid fibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, carbon cloth-based spheres, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, melamine fibers, polyamide fibers, cellulose fibers, metal fibers, potassium titanate whiskers, and aluminum borate whiskers.

In certain embodiments, as described above, the TPU composition may include a glass fiber filler. The glass fiber filler may belong to E glass, S glass, AR glass, T glass, D glass and R glass. In certain embodiments, the glass fiber diameter may be in the range of about 5 μm to about 35 μm. In other embodiments, the diameter of the glass fibers may range from about 9 to about 20 μm. In further embodiments, the glass fibers may have a length of about 3.2mm or less. As described above, TPU compositions including glass fillers can impart improved thermal stability to TPU compositions and articles produced therefrom.

Disclosed embodiments may include compositions comprising a glass filler in a concentration ranging from about 0.1% to about 7% by weight. Embodiments may also include glass fillers in the following concentration ranges: about 1% to about 2%; about 2% to about 3%; 3% to about 4%; about 4% to about 5%; about 5% to about 6%; about 6% to about 7%; about 7% to about 8%; about 8% to about 9%; about 9% to about 10%; about 10% to about 11%; about 11% to about 12%; about 12% to about 13%; about 13% to about 14%; about 14% to about 15%; about 15% to about 16%; about 16% to about 17%; about 17% to about 18%; about 18% to about 19%; and from about 19% to about 20%. In certain embodiments, the concentration of glass filler may be about 1%. In certain embodiments, the concentration of glass filler may be about 3%. In certain embodiments, the concentration of glass filler may be about 5%. In certain embodiments, the concentration of glass filler may be about 7%. In certain embodiments, the concentration of glass filler may be about 10%.

As described above, embodiments may include glass filler materials, wherein the diameter or width of the various glass fibers may range from about 1 μm to about 50 μm. In certain embodiments, the glass filler may be characterized by a narrow distribution of fiber diameters such that at least 90% of the glass fibers have a particular diameter or width. Other embodiments may include glass fillers having a broad distribution of diameters or widths, ranging from about 1 μm to about 20 μm. Further embodiments may include a glass filler having a glass fiber diameter or width distribution ranging from: about 1 μm to about 2 μm; about 2 μm to about 3 μm; about 3 μm to about 4 μm; about 4 μm to about 5 μm; about 5 μm to about 6 μm; about 6 μm to about 7 μm; about 7 μm to about 8 μm; about 8 μm to about 9 μm; about 9 μm to about 10 μm; about 10 μm to about 11 μm; about 11 μm to about 12 μm; about 12 μm to about 13 μm; about 13 μm to about 14 μm; about 14 μm to about 15 μm; about 15 μm to about 16 μm; about 16 μm to about 17 μm; about 17 μm to about 18 μm; about 18 μm to about 19 μm; and about 19 μm to about 20 μm. In certain embodiments, the glass filler can have a diameter or width distribution centered at a particular value. For example, according to one embodiment, the particular diameter or width value may be 10 μm ± 2 μm.

According to one embodiment, the TPU composition may include a glass fiber filler that includes a surface treatment agent and optionally a coupling agent. Many suitable materials may be used as coupling agents. Examples include silane-based coupling agents, titanate-based coupling agents, or mixtures thereof. Suitable silane-based coupling agents may include, for example, aminosilanes, epoxy silanes, amide silanes, azide silanes, and acrylic silanes.

The disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that may also include other suitable inorganic fibers, such as: carbon fibers, carbon/glass blend fibers, boron fibers, graphite fibers, and the like. Various ceramic fibers, such as alumina-silica fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, and the like, may also be used. Metal fibers, such as aluminum fibers, nickel fibers, steel, stainless steel fibers, and the like, may also be used.

The disclosed TPU compositions can be produced by a process in which the TPU reactants can be combined with filler materials (e.g., fibrous fillers) and other optional additives. The combination of materials may then be physically mixed in a mixing or blending device.

Exemplary mixing or blending devices may include: internal mixers (Banbury), twin-screw extruders, Buss Kneader (Buss Kneader), and the like. In certain embodiments, the filler and base TPU composition materials may be mixed or blended to produce a TPU composition blend having fibers incorporated therein. The resulting TPU composition with filler (e.g., glass fibers) and optionally other additional additives can be cooled to produce a solid. The resulting solid may then be pelletized or otherwise divided into suitably sized particles (e.g., pelletized) for use in an injection molding process. Injection molding processes may be used to produce articles, such as screens or screening elements.

Optional additives to the TPU compositions mentioned above may include dispersants. In certain embodiments, the dispersant may help to create a uniform dispersion of the base TPU composition and additional components (e.g., filler). In certain embodiments, the dispersant may also improve the mechanical and optical properties of the resulting TPU composition containing the filler.

In certain embodiments, waxes may be used as dispersants. Non-limiting examples of wax dispersants suitable for use in the disclosed TPU compositions include: polyethylene waxes, amide waxes and montan waxes. The TPU compositions disclosed herein can include an amide wax dispersant, such as N, N-bis-stearyl ethylenediamine. The use of such wax dispersants can improve the thermal stability of the TPU composition, but have little effect on polymer clarity. Thus, the inclusion of a dispersant in the disclosed TPU compositions can have at least the following desirable effects: (1) improved thermal stability of the compositions and articles produced therefrom; and (2) desirable optical properties suitable for downstream processing including laser welding.

According to one embodiment, the disclosed TPU composition may further include an antioxidant. Antioxidants can be used to terminate oxidation reactions that may occur due to various weather conditions, and/or can be used to reduce degradation of the TPU composition. For example, articles formed from synthetic polymers may react with atmospheric oxygen when placed into use. In addition, articles formed from synthetic polymers may undergo autoxidation due to free radical chain reactions. The oxygen source (e.g., atmospheric oxygen, alone or in combination with a free radical initiator) may react with a substrate included in the disclosed TPU compositions. Such reactions can compromise the integrity of the TPU composition and articles produced therefrom. Thus, the inclusion of an antioxidant can improve the chemical stability of the TPU composition as well as the chemical stability of the articles produced therefrom.

The polymer may be subject to weathering in response to absorption of ultraviolet light that causes radical-initiated autoxidation. Such autoxidation may result in the cleavage of hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds. Embodiments TPU compositions may include hydrogen-providing Antioxidants (AH), such as hindered phenols and secondary aromatic amines. Such AH additives can inhibit oxidation of the TPU composition by competing with organic substrates for peroxy radicals. Such competition for peroxy radicals can terminate the chain reaction, thereby stabilizing or preventing further oxidation reactions. The inclusion of an antioxidant in the disclosed TPU composition can inhibit the formation of free radicals. In addition to AH being a light stabilizer, AH may also provide thermal stability when included in the disclosed TPU compositions. Accordingly, certain embodiments may include additives (e.g., AH) that enhance the stability of the polymer upon exposure to ultraviolet light and heat. Thus, articles produced from the disclosed TPU compositions with antioxidants can be weatherable and have improved function and/or lifetime when effective under high temperature conditions relative to articles produced from TPU compositions lacking the antioxidant.

According to one embodiment, the disclosed TPU compositions may further include an ultraviolet light absorber (uvasorb). Ultraviolet absorbers convert absorbed ultraviolet radiation into heat through a reversible intramolecular proton transfer reaction. In some embodiments, the ultraviolet light absorber can absorb ultraviolet radiation that may otherwise be absorbed by the TPU composition. The reduced absorption of ultraviolet light by the TPU composition can help reduce ultraviolet radiation induced weathering of the TPU composition. Non-limiting examples of ultraviolet light absorbers may include oxanilides (oxanilides) for polyamides, benzophenones for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and benzotriazoles and hydroxyphenyltriazines for polycarbonate materials. In one embodiment, 2- (2' -hydroxy-3 ' -sec-butyl-5 ' -tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole may provide ultraviolet light stabilization to polycarbonates, polyesters, polyacetals, polyamides, TPU materials, styrene-based homopolymers and copolymers. According to various embodiments, these and other ultraviolet absorbers can improve the stability of the disclosed TPU compositions and articles produced therefrom.

The TPU composition may further include an antiozonant that can prevent or slow the degradation of the TPU material caused by the ozone gas in the air (i.e., can reduce ozone crazing). Non-limiting exemplary embodiments of antiozonates (antiozonates) may include: p-phenylenediamine, such as 6PPP (N- (1, 3-dimethylbutyl) -N '-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) or IPPD (N-isopropyl-N' -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine); 6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (ETMQ), Ethylidene Diurea (EDU) and paraffin, which can form a surface barrier. According to various embodiments, these and other antiozonants can improve the stability of the disclosed TPU compositions and articles produced therefrom.

According to one embodiment, an exemplary mixture may be prepared as follows. The starting material may be selected to be a thermoplastic polyurethane based on polycarbonate. The filler material may be selected from small diameter glass fibers (as described above) in an amount of about 3% to about 10% by weight. The content of glidant may then be selected to be from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight. In this example, the glidant may be viewed as a mixture of octadecanamide, N' -1, 2-ethanediylbis and stearic acid. The thermal stabilizer may be selected from pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight. The thermoplastic mixture described above can be injected into bulk thermoplastic rods and then pelletized for downstream injection molding.

Method of producing a composite material

The disclosed embodiments provide methods and processes to produce TPU compositions. The disclosed methods may include reacting (i.e., linking) prepolymer units including an alcohol (OH) and an isocyanate (NCO) to effectively "grow" and/or extend a polymer chain or backbone. For example, in one embodiment, the TPU composition may be prepared by reacting a polyurethane prepolymer with a curative, typically at a temperature of, for example, from about 50 ℃ to about 150 ℃, or from about 50 ℃ to about 100 ℃. In certain embodiments, temperatures outside of these ranges may also be employed.

The disclosed TPU compositions can be melted and formed into a desired shape, such as by injection molding. The disclosed process may further include a post-curing step comprising heating the TPU material at a temperature of from about 50 ℃ to about 200 ℃, or from about 100 ℃ to about 150 ℃, for a predetermined period of time. For example, the TPU material can be heated for about 1 hour to about 24 hours. Alternatively, the various processes may include an extrusion step wherein the post-cured TPU composition may be extruded at a temperature of from about 150 ℃ to about 270 ℃ or about 190 ℃ or higher to bring the TPU composition into an intermediate form. The intermediate form may be suitable for downstream processing to produce a final form, such as a TPU-based screening element.

The disclosed method may include various additional processing operations. For example, the disclosed methods or processes may include: reacting (i.e., polymerizing) the polyurethane prepolymer with a curing agent; post-curing the polyurethane; optionally grinding the material to produce a post-cured polyurethane polymer in particulate form; post-extrusion cured and/or optionally pelletized polyurethane polymer; and optionally pelletizing the extruded TPU.

In one embodiment, the TPU composition may be produced by the process of: wherein the prepolymer is mixed with the curative at a temperature of about 50 ℃ to about 150 ℃ to form the polymer. The method may then include heating the polymer at a temperature of about 50 ℃ to about 200 ℃ for about 1 to about 24 hours to obtain a post-cured polymer. The post-cured polymer may then optionally be ground to produce a particulate polymer. Optionally, the process may further comprise processing the post-cured polymer or the particulate polymer in an extruder at a temperature of about 150 ℃ or greater to produce the TPU composition. Further operations may optionally include pelletizing the TPU composition, re-melting the pelletized TPU composition, and extruding the molten TPU composition.

The disclosed process may further comprise producing a TPU composition comprising optional additives. In one embodiment, the optional additives may include antioxidants (including phenols, phosphites, thioesters, and/or amines), antiozonants, heat stabilizers, inert fillers, lubricants, inhibitors, hydrolysis stabilizers, light stabilizers, hindered amine light stabilizers, ultraviolet light absorbers (e.g., benzotriazole), heat stabilizers, stabilizers to prevent discoloration, dyes, pigments, inorganic and organic fillers, organic sulfur compounds, heat stabilizers, reinforcing agents, and combinations thereof.

The disclosed methods include producing a TPU composition that includes optional additives, typically in an effective amount for each respective additive. In various embodiments, such optional additional additives may be incorporated into the components or reaction mixture used to prepare the TPU composition. In other embodiments, a base TPU composition lacking optional additives may be produced and optionally processed. The optional processing operations may include grinding the TPU material to produce a particulate material or forming a powdered base TPU composition material, to which optional additives may then be mixed prior to further processing.

In other embodiments, a powdered mixture comprising the base TPU composition and optional additives may be mixed, melted, and extruded to form the composition. In other embodiments, the TPU composition may be prepared by a reactive extrusion process as follows: wherein the prepolymer, curing agent and any optional additives are fed directly into an extruder and then mixed, reacted and extruded at elevated temperatures. Various alternative combinations of these formulation operations may also be employed in various embodiments.

Article of manufacture

Disclosed embodiments include devices, articles, and products produced using the TPU compositions. Non-limiting exemplary embodiments may include a coating or binder, and/or an article having a predetermined three-dimensional structure after being cured after being cast or extruded into a mold. The disclosed embodiments provide TPU compositions that can exhibit significantly higher load bearing properties than other materials, such as those based on natural and synthetic rubbers.

In various embodiments, articles produced from the disclosed TPU compositions can be thermally stable. In this regard, although thermoplastics can generally be remelted and reformed, articles produced from the disclosed TPU compositions can exhibit resistance to effects caused by thermal strain at temperatures sufficiently lower than the melting temperature. For example, articles produced from the disclosed TPU compositions can retain their shape (i.e., they can exhibit modulus retention) at elevated temperatures corresponding to the conditions of use, including temperatures in the range of from about 170 ℃ to about 200 ℃. The disclosed TPU compositions can be used to form articles that maintain their structural, mechanical strength, and overall properties at elevated temperatures.

The disclosed TPU compositions may exhibit thermal stability over a temperature range of from about 160 ℃ to about 210 ℃. Embodiments TPU compositions may also exhibit thermal stability for temperatures in the range of about 170 ℃ to about 200 ℃, while additional embodiments may exhibit thermal stability for temperatures in the range of about 175 ℃ to about 195 ℃. The disclosed embodiments may also provide a TPU composition that may exhibit thermal stability to temperatures of about 180 ℃.

Disclosed embodiments include TPU compositions having advantageous mechanical properties (as characterized by cut/tear/abrasion resistance data) relative to known thermoplastic compositions. In certain embodiments, the improved properties may include: greater tear strength, better retention of modulus at elevated temperatures, low compression set, improved retention of physical properties over time and exposure to hazardous environments. Certain embodiments provide TPU compositions that can have a combination of improved properties such as excellent thermal stability, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance (e.g., resistance to oils and greases). In certain embodiments, articles produced from the disclosed TPU compositions can have properties that are highly desirable for oil, gas, chemical, mining, automotive, and other industries.

In an exemplary embodiment, the exemplary TPU composition provided in pellet form may be loaded into the cylinder of an injection press. Once charged into the cylinder, the pellets may be heated for a period of time to melt the TPU composition material. The injection press may then extrude the molten exemplary TPU composition material into the mold cavity according to a predetermined injection rate. The injection press may be adapted to include a specialized tip and/or nozzle configured to achieve a desired injection output.

Various parameters may be controlled or adjusted to achieve the desired results. These parameters may include, but are not limited to, barrel temperature, nozzle temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, injection speed, injection time, cooling temperature, and cooling time.

In one embodiment method, the barrel temperature of the injection molding apparatus may be selected in the range of about 148 ℃ to about 260 ℃, about 176 ℃ to about 233 ℃, about 204 ℃ to about 233 ℃, about 210 ℃ to about 227 ℃, and about 215 ℃ to about 235 ℃. The nozzle temperature of the injection molding apparatus may be selected from the range of about 204 ℃ to about 260 ℃, about 218 ℃ to about 246 ℃, about 234 ℃ to about 238 ℃, and about 229 ℃ to about 235 ℃.

In one embodiment method, the injection pressure of the injection molding apparatus may be selected from the range of about 400PSI to about 900PSI, about 500PSI to about 700PSI, about 600PSI to about 700PSI, and about 620PSI to about 675 PSI. The injection speed of the injection molding apparatus may be selected from the range of about 1.0 cubic inches/second to about 3.0 cubic inches/second, about 1.5 to about 2.5 cubic inches/second, about 1.75 cubic inches/second to about 2.5 cubic inches/second, and about 2.1 cubic inches/second to about 2.4 cubic inches/second.

In one embodiment method, the injection time may be selected in the range of about 0.25 seconds to about 3.00 seconds, about 0.50 seconds to about 2.50 seconds, about 0.75 seconds to about 2.00 seconds, and about 1.00 seconds to about 1.80 seconds. Further, the injection time may be modified to include a "pause" for a period of time in which the injection is paused. The pause period can be any specific time. In an exemplary embodiment, the pause time may range from 0.10 seconds to 10.0 minutes. Other pause times may be used in other embodiments.

In the method of an embodiment, the mold temperature may be selected from the range of about 37 ℃ to about 94 ℃, about 43 ℃ to about 66 ℃, and about 49 ℃ to about 60 ℃. The cooling temperature may be gradually decreased to control the curing of the disclosed TPU composition. The temperature may be gradually reduced from the mold temperature to ambient temperature over a period of time. The time period for cooling may be selected to be virtually any time period from seconds to hours. In one embodiment, the cooling period may range from about 0.1 to about 10 minutes.

The following method describes an injection molding process for producing a screening member based on the disclosed TPU composition. As described above, the TPU composition may be formed into TPU pellets. The TPU composition material may first be injected into a mold designed to create the screening element. The TPU composition can then be heated to a temperature suitable for injection molding to melt the TPU material. The molten TPU material may then be loaded into an injection molding machine. In one embodiment, the mold may be a dual chamber screening member mold. The mold containing the injected molten TPU material may then be allowed to cool. After cooling, the TPU material solidifies into the shape of the screen member defined by the mold. The resulting screen member may then be removed from the mould for further processing.

Development of suitable compositions

The above embodiments provide TPU compositions in the ranges of the various components. The improved material is obtained by varying the composition of the TPU material and the percentage of fillers, flow aids and other additives. The screening elements are produced using an injection molding process based on various compositions. The screen members are attached to a secondary grid structure and assembled into a large area screen assembly for field testing applications.

Figure 4 shows an exemplary screen assembly created from a screen member and a subgrid structure as described above with reference to figures 1 through 3A, according to the disclosed embodiments.

Figure 5 shows results of actual field testing of screen assemblies according to embodiments. The data presented in FIG. 5 represents the results of testing an embodiment of a screen assembly for screening materials generated during oil and gas exploration extending to a depth of at least about 100,000 feet. + -. 5,000 feet. The best performing composition BB has a glass fiber content (diameter 10 μm) of about 7% and the second best performing composition BA has a glass fiber content (diameter 10 μm) of about 5%. Each composition also had a glidant content of about 0.5% and a thermal stabilizer content of about 1.5%. The screen element surface element 84 (see, e.g., fig. 2) has a thickness T of approximately 0.014 inches in all tests, the results of which are shown in fig. 5.

In further embodiments, a screening component having surface elements 84 is created, the surface elements 84 having a smaller thickness, including T ═ 0.007 inches, 0.005 inches, and 0.03 inches. For these embodiments, it is advantageous to use lower concentrations of fillers, flow aids, and thermal stabilizers as shown in the table below.

	T is 0.014 inch	T is 0.007 inches	T is 0.005 inch	T is 0.003 inch
					Filler material	7％	5％	3％	2％
Heat stabilizer	1.5％	1.5％	1.13％	0.85％
					Glidants	0.5％	0.5％	0.38％	0.28％

Exemplary embodiments are described above. However, such exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limiting. In this regard, various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope thereof. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.