阅读说明：本技术 一种改善牛瘤胃发酵效率的饲料添加剂 (Feed additive for improving rumen fermentation efficiency of cattle ) 是由 刘洪瑜 庄静仪 王恒 徐德志 陈敬梦 马洋洋 于童 李柏旭 高正 于 2019-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种改善牛瘤胃发酵效率的饲料添加剂,包括：芯材、包覆在芯材外侧的内层包膜和包覆在内层包膜外侧的外层包膜；芯材包括：载体和吸附/负载于载体中的活性成分；内层包膜的原料包括：多糖类亲水凝胶骨架材料；外层包膜的原料包括：瘤胃发酵调节剂、载体、生物降解骨架材料和成膜剂。本发明针对现有技术的缺点,采用内外双层包膜,外层包膜结构稳定,可以提高瘤胃发酵效率,而内层包膜遇水形成凝胶,有效保护芯材,缓慢释放活性成分,提高了过瘤胃率,提高了机体对活性成分吸收的效率,同时提高包被层被牛的利用度。(The invention discloses a feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency, which comprises the following components: the core material, the inner-layer coating film coated on the outer side of the core material and the outer-layer coating film coated on the outer side of the inner-layer coating film; the core material includes: a carrier and an active ingredient adsorbed/supported in the carrier; the raw materials of the inner coating comprise: polysaccharide hydrophilic gel skeleton material; the outer coating comprises the following raw materials: a rumen fermentation regulator, a carrier, a biodegradable skeleton material and a film-forming agent. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention adopts the inner and outer double-layer coating, the outer coating has stable structure and can improve the rumen fermentation efficiency, and the inner coating forms gel when meeting water, thereby effectively protecting the core material, slowly releasing active ingredients, improving the rumen-passing rate, improving the absorption efficiency of organisms on the active ingredients and simultaneously improving the utilization rate of the coating layer coated cattle.)

1. A feed additive for improving rumen fermentation efficiency of cattle, which is characterized by comprising: the core material, the inner-layer coating film coated on the outer side of the core material and the outer-layer coating film coated on the outer side of the inner-layer coating film;

the core material includes: a carrier and an active ingredient adsorbed/supported in the carrier;

the raw materials of the inner coating comprise: polysaccharide hydrophilic gel skeleton material;

the outer coating comprises the following raw materials: a rumen fermentation regulator, a carrier, a biodegradable skeleton material and a film-forming agent.

2. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is at least one of silica powder, dendrimer, zeolite powder, talc powder, and montmorillonite.

3. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 2, wherein the dendrimer is an amino acid dendrimer.

4. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is choline chloride, vitamins and/or essential amino acids.

5. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide-based hydrophilic gel matrix material is at least one of fucoidan, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, pectin, agar, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, and carbopol.

6. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the rumen fermentation regulator is at least one of oregano oil, cinnamaldehyde, astragalus polysaccharides, and cordyceps polysaccharides.

7. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the film-forming agent is at least one of chitosan, agar, sodium alginate, hyaluronic acid, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol.

8. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable matrix material is at least one of beeswax, hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, and stearyl alcohol.

9. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the rumen fermentation regulator, the carrier, the biodegradable matrix material and the film-forming agent in the raw materials of the outer coating is 0.1-0.5: 0.4-0.8: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5.

10. The feed additive for improving bovine rumen fermentation efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise, by mass: 50-55% of active ingredients, 10-20% of polysaccharide hydrophilic gel framework materials, 1-5% of rumen fermentation regulator, 8-16% of carrier, 5-15% of biodegradable framework materials and 5-15% of film-forming agents.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for improving the rumen fermentation efficiency of cattle.

Background

The rumen is the first stomach of a ruminant, and 75-80% of the dry matter and more than 50% of the crude fiber in the ration ingested by cattle is digested in the rumen. Under intensive feeding conditions, fat-soluble vitamins, self-synthesized choline and limited amino acids in daily ration are difficult to meet the requirements, and exogenous addition is necessary, but due to the physiological characteristics of rumen of ruminants, most of amino acids, choline and vitamin A, D, E are degraded by microorganisms in rumen and cannot reach small intestine to be utilized by animals, so that the application effect in the ruminants is limited.

The rumen bypass technology is characterized in that some active ingredients (including protein, vitamins, choline chloride and the like) are treated by a special technology to be protected, and a coating layer is formed on the surface of nutrient substances which are easily destroyed by rumen microorganisms, so that the coating layer is not decomposed by the rumen microorganisms, the fermentation and the degradation in the rumen of a ruminant are reduced, and the active ingredients are released in the wrinkled stomach and the intestinal tract to be digested and absorbed again, and the demand of organisms on the active ingredients is met.

However, the rumen protection techniques of the prior art still have the following disadvantages: firstly, the active ingredients to be protected are not completely coated, so that the active ingredients are easily degraded by rumen microorganisms, and the rumen bypass rate is low; secondly, because the coating is low in availability for ruminants, the coated active ingredients cannot be completely released, so that the coated active ingredients cannot be fully utilized by the ruminants.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a feed additive for improving the rumen fermentation efficiency of cattle.

A feed additive for improving rumen fermentation efficiency of cattle, comprising: the core material, the inner-layer coating film coated on the outer side of the core material and the outer-layer coating film coated on the outer side of the inner-layer coating film;

the core material includes: a carrier and an active ingredient adsorbed/supported in the carrier;

the raw materials of the inner coating comprise: polysaccharide hydrophilic gel skeleton material;

the outer coating comprises the following raw materials: a rumen fermentation regulator, a carrier, a biodegradable skeleton material and a film-forming agent.

Preferably, the carrier is at least one of silicon dioxide powder, dendritic macromolecule, zeolite powder, talcum powder and montmorillonite.

The carrier is adopted to adsorb or load the active ingredients, so that the active ingredients enter gaps or cavities of the carrier, and are fixed and protected, thereby facilitating the later two-layer coating process.

Preferably, the dendrimer is an amino acid based dendrimer.

The amino acid dendritic polymer has a cavity structure inside, and the structure characteristics of tightness and looseness of the amino acid dendritic polymer enable the amino acid dendritic polymer to encapsulate the active substance mainly through electrostatic attraction, van der waals force, hydrogen bond action and the like. After the amino acid dendrimer loaded with the active ingredient reaches the wrinkled stomach and/or the small intestine, the active ingredient can be released from the interior of the amino acid dendrimer through diffusion, and can also be released through chemical bond hydrolysis or enzymolysis.

Wherein the amino acid dendritic polymer can be preferably polyaspartic acid dendritic polymer, and the preparation method refers to the synthesis and application of WeuJun polyaspartic acid hydrogel [ D ]. Beijing, Beijing chemical university, 2016:107-112 ].

Preferably, the active ingredient is choline chloride, vitamins and/or essential amino acids.

Choline, chemical name hydroxyethyl trimethylamine. Its biological function is more, includes: phospholipid component, which is involved in the formation of lecithin and sphingomyelin, etc.; a labile methyl group donor; plays an important role in regulating liver fat metabolism; the main component of acetylcholine is synthesized. At present, choline as a feed additive is used for pig, poultry complete feed and ruminant concentrate, is an indispensable additive substance, has obvious effects on growth, development and performance improvement of livestock and poultry, and can also enhance physique and disease resistance of livestock and poultry.

Choline is colorless liquid at normal temperature, and has hygroscopicity, alkali absorption and viscosity. Choline chloride is hydrochloride of choline, and molecules have polarity tendency and are easy to absorb moisture in air to deliquesce. Choline chloride is commonly used in the feed industry to replace choline, and compared with choline, the choline chloride has higher stability, and the aqueous solution of the choline chloride is neutral and has less stimulation to animal tissues. But the choline chloride crystal has strong water absorption and is easy to agglomerate, which brings inconvenience to the processing, transportation and storage of the feed. Choline chloride has destructive effect on other vitamins, especially on vitamins A, D3 and E, K3 in the presence of metal elements, so that the choline chloride is not suitable for being mixed with vitamin premix, but can be directly added into concentrated feed or compound feed to reduce the contact chance of choline chloride and other active ingredients as much as possible.

While choline is generally not deficient, it is not found in vivo to meet the needs of animals when in pregnancy and lactation. Thus, supplementing sufficient choline can save the fraction of methionine consumed for choline synthesis, making more methionine available for milk production needs. Meanwhile, in the rumen of the ruminant, choline is degraded into acetaldehyde and trimethylamine by rumen microorganisms, and further degraded into methane, and is discharged along with belching of animals. The degradation rate of choline is high, wherein the degradation rate of choline chloride is as high as 98.6%, so that unprotected choline chloride is often difficult to pass through rumen.

The invention patent with the publication number of CN104719670B discloses a high-content ruminant rumen-bypass choline chloride granule and a preparation method thereof, the granule consists of a core pill, an inner layer coating and an outer layer coating, wherein, the core pill consists of choline chloride and a carrier, the effective content of the choline chloride is 90-99%, the inner layer coating is made of rumen-bypass fat products with the melting point of 45-60 ℃, the outer layer coating is made of vegetable wax with the melting point of 60-85 ℃, and the effective content of the choline chloride in the whole granule is 50-70%; the granules are prepared by adopting a top spray granulation and bottom spray coating method. However, the rumen bypass choline chloride granules obtained by the method have low effective components, the rumen bypass rate in 24 hours in rumen is between 85 and 90 percent, and the optimal release rate in small intestine is within 95 percent.

Vitamins are a group of organic compounds essential for maintaining the health of the body, are neither raw materials constituting body tissues nor sources of energy in the body, but are a group of regulatory substances playing an important role in substance metabolism. According to the classical theory (NRC, 2001), it is believed that the ruminants intratumoral microorganisms can synthesize the vitamins required by animals, but in recent years, with the cultivation and breeding of high-yield varieties, the production potential of animals is higher and higher, the demand for the vitamins is higher, and particularly, the animals grow fast to grow into cattle. For example, foreign research reports that beef cattle have a pantothenic acid demand of 425mg/d, high-yielding cows (30 kg of milk produced per day) have a folic acid demand of 35-45mg/d, and NRC (2001) considers the riboflavin demand to be 35 mg/d.

Therefore, for cattle in the fast growth stage, vitamin supplementation is required to aid their fast growth, however, most of the vitamins added directly to the ration are degraded by rumen microorganisms in the rumen.

Meanwhile, nitrogen source substances in the feed are degraded under the action of various proteases, peptidases and deaminases secreted by rumen microorganisms to release peptides, amino acids and ammonia to provide nutrients for microbial growth, and microbial protein, namely high-quality protein, is very valuable for NPN protein degradation and is waste for high-quality protein. Generally, rumen microbial protein (MCP) can meet the needs of ruminants, but in high-yield situations the protein needs to be large, and microbial protein alone cannot meet the production needs, requiring additional amino acids for supplementation.

Corn is often used as the basic ration of cattle at the present stage, so that lysine and methionine are the first or second limiting amino acids when the cattle body synthesizes protein, when the ration formula is determined, particularly when high-yield ruminants need the ration with higher essential amino acid amount (EAA) reaching small intestine (considering the factors of technology and cost), the nutritional requirements of modern high-yield livestock can be met only by rumen-passing amino acid additives. Moreover, tests show that the rumen-bypass amino acid is added into the daily ration of the ruminant, so that the production performance of the ruminant can be improved, the quality of animal products (milk, meat, hair and the like) is improved, and the ruminant feed has higher economic benefit and practical value.

Preferably, the polysaccharide hydrophilic gel skeleton material is at least one of fucoidan, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, pectin, agar, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol and carbopol.

The polysaccharide hydrophilic gel type framework material is characterized in that a gel barrier can be generated through hydration after meeting water, the gel barrier can prevent the release of active ingredients in the gel barrier and simultaneously keeps stable in an acid environment, namely, the gel barrier cannot be degraded in a rumen fermentation process (pH is 5.5-7.0) or in a strong acid environment of abomasum, and the active ingredients in the gel barrier can be slowly degraded when entering small intestine presenting an alkaline environment, so that the absorption efficiency of cattle on the active ingredients is improved, and osmotic diarrhea caused by abrupt increase of the concentration of the active ingredients is also avoided.

And after the polysaccharide enters the intestinal tract of the cattle, the intestinal flora can be shaped, the growth and the proliferation of intestinal probiotics are promoted, the normal physiological activity of the intestinal probiotics is regulated and maintained, and meanwhile, the intestinal flora decomposes the polysaccharide to generate metabolites which play an important role in the normal peristalsis of the intestinal tract and the intestinal barrier.

Wherein fucoidan sulfate is also called fucoidan sulfate, sulfated fucan, fucoidan sulfate and fucoidan. As an important class of marine acidic heteropolysaccharide, the marine acidic heteropolysaccharide is mainly derived from kelp cell walls, is an important active component of brown algae, and has the effects of resisting oxidation, regulating immune function, protecting gastric mucosa, resisting coagulation, reducing blood fat, resisting tumors and viruses, and increasing intestinal probiotics.

Preferably, the rumen fermentation regulator is at least one of origanum oil, cinnamaldehyde, astragalus polysaccharide and cordyceps polysaccharide.

Oregano oil (Oo), also known as Oregano phenol, Pissard, carvacrol, etc., is volatile oil extracted from natural plants Oregano, and can also be artificially synthesized, and the main components are phenolic compounds, thymol, carvacrol, etc., and has wide antibacterial and bactericidal effects.

Cinnamaldehyde (cinamic Aldehyde, CA), Aldehyde compounds also known as cinnamaldehyde, triphenylacrolein, and the like, can be extracted from plants such as cinnamon, can also be obtained by artificial synthesis, and has a wide antibacterial effect.

The Astragalus polysaccharides are water-soluble heteropolysaccharides obtained by extracting, concentrating and purifying dried root of Astragalus mongholicus or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) bge of Leguminosae, and are composed of hexuronic acid, glucose, fructose, rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid and the like, can be used as an immune promoter or regulator, and have antiviral, antitumor, antiaging, radioprotective, anti-stress, antioxidant and other effects.

Cordyceps polysaccharide is the main effective component of Cordyceps, and is polysaccharide composed of mannose, cordycepin, adenosine, galactose, arabinose, xyloside, glucose, and fucose, and has antibacterial and antiviral effects.

The rumen fermentation regulator has wide bacteriostatic action, and has good inhibitory effect on methane bacteria and super ammonia-producing bacteria in rumen although the action mechanism and sensitive flora are different and the influence on rumen fermentation is different.

The rumen fermentation regulator can improve the pH of an artificial rumen system, is beneficial to the growth of rumen fiber decomposing bacteria and further improves the rumen fermentation efficiency.

Meanwhile, the rumen fermentation regulator inhibits the number of super ammonia-producing bacteria and protozoa, the super ammonia-producing bacteria reduces the ammonia nitrogen production rate and the concentration, improves the release rate of energy nitrogen in rumen and the balance state of the energy nitrogen, promotes the growth and metabolism of rumen microorganisms, and the protozoa in rumen mainly synthesizes self protein through phagocytic bacteria, so that the ineffective circulation of nitrogen in rumen is increased, and the reduction of the number of protozoa can improve the synthesis efficiency of rumen microorganism protein.

Preferably, the film forming agent is at least one of chitosan, agar, sodium alginate, hyaluronic acid, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol.

The film forming agent promotes the outer layer coating film to form a whole body, prevents the outer layer coating film from being damaged in the external storage process, can prevent the inner layer coating film and the core material from absorbing moisture, and improves the rumen bypass rate of active ingredients.

Preferably, the biodegradable skeleton material is at least one of beeswax, hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol.

The biodegradable framework material has good plasticity, is beneficial to the granule forming of the invention, can effectively support the outer layer structure of the invention, can resist the damage of mechanical pressure and temperature in the granulation processing process, can keep stable in a storage environment, and simultaneously is matched with the film forming agent to form a waterproof and moistureproof outer layer coating film so as to delay the release or discharge of active ingredients; after entering the rumen, the biodegradable skeleton material is degraded under the action of flora decomposition, so that an outer layer coating is damaged, the rumen fermentation regulator is released into the rumen, the rumen fermentation process is regulated, the rumen fermentation efficiency is improved, methane bacteria and super ammonia-producing bacteria are inhibited, and the production of methane and ammonia nitrogen is reduced.

Preferably, in the raw materials of the outer coating, the mass ratio of the rumen fermentation regulator, the carrier, the biodegradable skeleton material and the film forming agent is 0.1-0.5: 0.4-0.8: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5.

Preferably, the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 50-55% of active ingredients, 10-20% of polysaccharide hydrophilic gel framework materials, 1-5% of rumen fermentation regulator, 8-16% of carrier, 5-15% of biodegradable framework materials and 5-15% of film-forming agents.

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention adopts an inner-outer double-layer coating, the outer-layer coating has stable structure, resists the damage of the environment, improves the stability of production and storage, and the product is placed indoors after being opened and has no adhesion phenomenon after 24 hours, and the fluidity is not influenced; and the rumen fermentation regulator enters the rumen for degradation, releases the rumen fermentation regulator in the outer coating, inhibits methane bacteria, super ammonia-producing bacteria and protozoa, improves the rumen fermentation efficiency, and reduces the emission of ammonia nitrogen and methane; the inner coating forms gel when meeting water, so that the core material is effectively protected, the gel is not degraded in the rumen fermentation process (pH is 5.5-7.0) and is not degraded in the strong acid environment of abomasum, and is slowly degraded when entering the small intestine in the alkaline environment, so that the core material in the gel is released, and meanwhile, the inner coating adopts polysaccharide substances, so that the growth of flora in the intestinal tract can be regulated after being damaged, the digestion and absorption are promoted, and the oxidation resistance is improved; after the core material is released, the carrier adsorbing/loading the active ingredients slowly releases the active ingredients through diffusion, enzymolysis and the like, the rumen-passing rate is improved, the absorption efficiency of an organism on the active ingredients is also improved, and the degradation of the inner and outer double-layer envelopes assists in adjusting the flora of the digestive tract, so that the utilization rate of the envelope layer coated cattle is improved.

The preparation method of the feed additive for improving the rumen fermentation efficiency of cattle comprises the following steps:

I. mixing active ingredients and a carrier uniformly, adding a polysaccharide hydrophilic gel framework material aqueous solution, mixing, granulating, and freeze-drying to obtain primary coated granules;

II. Dissolving the biodegradable skeleton material and the film forming agent in an ethanol solution to obtain a mixed solution; and mixing the rumen fermentation regulator and the carrier to obtain a mixed material, adding the mixed material into the mixed solution, uniformly stirring, uniformly spraying the mixed material on the surface of the primary coated particles, and drying to obtain the feed additive for improving the rumen fermentation efficiency of cattle.

The drying method is hot air drying, with air flow rate of 1-1.5L/min and temperature of 30-40 deg.C.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.