阅读说明：本技术 一种用于股骨颈骨折手术的三枚空心钉植入导向装置 (Three-hollow-nail implantation guiding device for femoral neck fracture operation ) 是由 邵进 杨铁毅 叶维光 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于股骨颈骨折手术的三枚空心钉植入导向装置,包括导向板,导向板的中心设置有一个中心圆孔,中心圆孔的右侧设置有一个菱形圆孔阵,菱形圆孔阵的任意一条边均有三个圆孔构成,菱形圆孔阵的中心还设置有一个中心圆孔,菱形圆孔阵的中心圆孔和导向板的中心圆孔的连线位于导向板的横向中心线上,中心圆孔的左上角设置有一个倒梯形圆孔阵,中心圆孔的左下角设置有一个梯形圆孔阵,倒梯形圆孔阵依次由横向排列的四个圆孔、三个圆孔和两个圆孔排列构成,梯形圆孔阵依次由横向排列的两个圆孔、三个圆孔和四个圆孔构成,导向板的一个侧边上设置有刻度。本发明通过体外精准定位,从而实现股骨颈骨折手术中三枚空心螺钉的快速而准确地植入。(The utility model provides a three pieces of hollow nail implantation guider for femoral neck fracture operation, including the deflector, the center of deflector is provided with a center round hole, the right side of center round hole is provided with a rhombus round hole array, any one limit of rhombus round hole array all has three round hole to constitute, the center of rhombus round hole array still is provided with a center round hole, the line of the center round hole of rhombus round hole array and the center round hole of deflector is located the horizontal central line of deflector, the upper left corner of center round hole is provided with an inverted trapezoid round hole array, the lower left corner of center round hole is provided with a trapezoidal round hole array, inverted trapezoid round hole array comprises four round holes of transverse arrangement in proper order, three round hole and two round holes are arranged and are constituted, trapezoidal round hole array comprises two round holes of transverse arrangement in proper order, three round hole and four round holes, be provided with the scale. The invention realizes the rapid and accurate implantation of three cannulated screws in the femoral neck fracture operation through the precise positioning in vitro.)

1. The utility model provides a three hollow nail implantation guider for femoral neck fracture operation, includes the deflector, its characterized in that: the length of the guide plate is 7cm, the width of the guide plate is 6cm, the thickness of the guide plate is 5mm, a first central circular hole is arranged in the center of the guide plate, the diameter of the first central circular hole is 4mm, a rhombic circular hole array is arranged on the right side of the first central circular hole, any one side of the rhombic circular hole array is formed by arranging three circular holes, the distance between the centers of any two adjacent circular holes is 6mm, a second central circular hole is arranged in the center of the rhombic circular hole array, the distance between the center of the rightmost circular hole of the rhombic circular hole array and the right side edge of the guide plate is 1.2cm, the connecting line between the center of the second central circular hole and the center of the first central circular hole is positioned on the transverse central line of the guide plate, an inverted trapezoidal circular hole array is arranged in the upper left corner direction of the first central circular hole, a trapezoidal circular hole array is arranged in the lower left corner direction of the first central circular hole, the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array is formed by arranging four circular holes, three circular holes and two circular holes which are transversely arranged from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the distance between the centers of two arbitrary adjacent circular holes is 6mm, the distance between the center of the leftmost circular hole and the left side edge and the upper side edge of the guide plate is 1.2cm, the diameter of any circular hole is 4mm, the trapezoidal circular hole array is formed by arranging two circular holes, three circular holes and four circular holes which are transversely arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the distance between the centers of two arbitrary adjacent circular holes is 6mm, the distance between the center of the leftmost circular hole and the left side edge and the lower side edge of the guide plate is 1.2cm, the connecting line of the center circular hole of the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array and the center of the center circular hole of the trapezoidal circular hole array is parallel to the left side edge of the guide plate, and the diameter of any circular hole is 4mm, scales are arranged on at least one side edge of the guide plate.

2. The three-pin implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery according to claim 1, wherein: an auxiliary round hole is arranged at the midpoint of the connecting line of the circle center of the central round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array and the circle center of the central round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array.

3. The three-pin implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery according to claim 1, wherein: the guide plate is curved into an arc shape, and the radian of the guide plate is 170-180 degrees.

4. The three-pin implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery according to claim 1, wherein: the guide plate is provided with scales on the side edges in the length direction and the width direction.

5. The three-pin implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the circle center of the leftmost round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array and the circle center of the leftmost round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array is 36 mm.

6. The three-pin implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery according to claim 1, wherein: and the vertical distance of a connecting line between the circle center of the rightmost round hole in the rhombic round hole array and the circle center of the leftmost round hole in the inverted trapezoidal round hole array and the circle center of the leftmost round hole in the trapezoidal round hole array is 46 mm.

7. The three-pin implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery according to claim 1, wherein: the hollow screws respectively penetrate through any one hole in the rhombic circular hole array, any one hole in the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array and any one hole in the trapezoidal circular hole array.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and relates to an implantation guide device, in particular to a three-hollow-nail implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery.

Background

Femoral neck fractures often occur in middle-aged and elderly people, and with the development of society, the femoral neck fractures of young and middle-aged people caused by traffic injuries, high falling injuries and other reasons are increased year by year. The non-healing rate of femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis rate reach more than 60 percent, which are the main problems of clinical treatment.

For middle and young femoral neck fracture patients less than 60 years old or old patients with good bone quality, three hollow nails are still the currently preferred treatment scheme. However, because the positioning is not accurate in the operation, the hollow nail guide needle and the fluoroscopy are often required to be repeatedly implanted, so that the bone mass in the neck of the femur is lost, and the fracture nonunion and the femoral head necrosis rate are aggravated; meanwhile, the X-ray exposure time of the doctor and the patient is increased, and the health of the doctor and the patient is damaged.

Therefore, in the three-pin fixation of femoral neck fracture, an accurate implantation guide is needed to ensure that three hollow pins can be implanted quickly and accurately with the least number of times of implanting hollow pin guide pins and the least amount of X-ray exposure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a three-hollow-nail implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery, which aims to solve the technical problem of inaccurate intraoperative positioning of three hollow nails in the femoral neck fracture surgery in the prior art.

The three-pin hollow implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery comprises a guide plate, wherein the guide plate is 7cm in length, 6cm in width and 5mm in thickness, a first central round hole is formed in the center of the guide plate, the diameter of the first central round hole is 4mm, a diamond round hole array is arranged on the right side of the first central round hole, any one side of the diamond round hole array is formed by arranging three round holes, the distance between the circle centers of any two adjacent round holes is 6mm, a second central round hole is formed in the center of the diamond round hole array, the distance between the circle center of the rightmost round hole of the diamond round hole array and the right side edge of the guide plate is 1.2cm, the connecting line between the circle center of the second central round hole and the circle center of the first central round hole is located on the transverse central line of the guide plate, an inverted trapezoid round hole array is arranged in the upper left corner direction of the first central round hole, the left lower corner of the first central round hole is provided with a trapezoidal round hole array, the inverted trapezoidal round hole array is formed by arranging four round holes, three round holes and two round holes which are transversely arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the distance between the circle centers of any two adjacent round holes is 6mm, the distance between the circle center of the leftmost round hole and the left side edge and the upper side edge of the guide plate is 1.2cm, the diameter of any round hole is 4mm, the trapezoidal round hole array is formed by arranging two round holes, three round holes and four round holes which are transversely arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the distance between the circle centers of any two adjacent round holes is 6mm, the distance between the circle center of the leftmost round hole and the left side edge and the lower side edge of the guide plate is 1.2cm, and the connecting line of the circle center of the central round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array and the circle center of the central round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array is parallel to the left side, the diameter of any one round hole is 4mm, and scales are arranged on at least one side edge of the guide plate.

Furthermore, an auxiliary round hole is arranged at the midpoint of a connecting line between the circle center of the central round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array and the circle center of the central round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array.

Furthermore, the guide plate is curved into an arc shape, and the radian of the guide plate is 170-180 degrees.

Furthermore, the guide plate is provided with scales on the side edges in the length direction and the width direction.

Furthermore, the distance between the circle center of the leftmost round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array and the circle center of the leftmost round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array is 36 mm.

Furthermore, the perpendicular distance of a connecting line between the circle center of the rightmost round hole in the rhombic round hole array and the circle center of the leftmost round hole in the inverted trapezoidal round hole array and the circle center of the leftmost round hole in the trapezoidal round hole array is 46 mm.

Furthermore, the hollow screws respectively penetrate through any hole in the rhombic circular hole array, any hole in the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array and any hole in the trapezoidal circular hole array.

The invention is matched with an inverted triangle hollow nail implantation method for clinically treating femoral neck fracture, three circular hole arrays are respectively arranged by taking the front upper part, the back upper part and the middle lower part of the femoral neck as the centers, the accurate positioning can be realized from the outside, and three hollow screws can be rapidly and accurately implanted by utilizing the three circular hole arrays.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a guide plate of a three-pin hollow nail implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cannulated screw in a three cannulated nail implantation guide of the present invention for use in femoral neck fracture surgery.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an "inverted triangle" cannulated nail implantation procedure for clinical treatment of femoral neck fractures.

FIG. 4 is an operational schematic view of an "inverted triangular" cannulated nail implantation procedure for clinical treatment of femoral neck fractures using the guide of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a "regular triangle" cannulated nail implantation procedure for clinical treatment of femoral neck fractures.

FIG. 6 is an operational schematic view of a "regular triangle" cannulated nail implantation procedure for clinical treatment of femoral neck fractures using the guide of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in figure 1, the three-pin implantation guide device for femoral neck fracture surgery of the invention is a guide plate 1, the guide plate 1 has a length of 7cm, a width of 6cm and a thickness of 5mm, a first central circular hole 3 is arranged at the center of the guide plate 1, the diameter of the first central circular hole 3 is 4mm, a diamond-shaped circular hole array 4 is arranged at the right side of the first central circular hole 3, any one side of the diamond-shaped circular hole array 4 is formed by arranging three circular holes, the distance between the centers of any two adjacent circular holes is 6mm, the center of the diamond-shaped circular hole array 4 comprises a second central circular hole 5, the distance between the center of the rightmost circular hole 6 of the diamond-shaped circular hole array 4 and the right side of the guide plate 1 is 1.2cm, the distance between the center of the second central circular hole 5 and the center of the first central circular hole 3 is located on the transverse central line of the guide plate 1, an inverted trapezoidal round hole array 7 is arranged in the upper left corner direction of the first central round hole 3, a trapezoidal round hole array 8 is arranged in the lower left corner direction of the first central round hole 3, the inverted trapezoidal round hole array 7 is formed by arranging four round holes, three round holes and two round holes which are transversely arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the distance between the circle centers of any two adjacent round holes is 6mm, the distance between the circle center of the leftmost round hole 9 and the left side edge and the upper side edge of the guide plate 1 is 1.2cm, the diameter of any one round hole is 4mm, the trapezoidal round hole array 8 is formed by arranging two round holes, three round holes and four round holes which are transversely arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the distance between the circle centers of any two adjacent round holes is 6mm, the distance between the circle center of the leftmost round hole 10 and the left side edge and the lower side edge of the guide plate 1 is 1.2cm, the line of the circle center of the central round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array 7 and the circle center of the central round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array 8 is parallel to the left side edge of the guide plate 1, the diameter of any round hole is 4mm, and scales are arranged on at least one side edge of the guide plate 1.

Furthermore, an auxiliary round hole 11 is arranged at the midpoint of a connecting line between the circle center of the central round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array 7 and the circle center of the central round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array 8.

Furthermore, the guide plate 1 is curved into an arc shape, and the radian of the guide plate is 170-180 degrees.

Furthermore, the guide plate 1 is provided with scales on the side edges in the length direction and the width direction.

Further, the distance between the center of the leftmost round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array 7 and the center of the leftmost round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array 8 is 36 mm.

Furthermore, the perpendicular distance of a connecting line between the circle center of the rightmost round hole 6 in the rhombic round hole array 4 and the circle center of the leftmost round hole of the inverted trapezoidal round hole array 7 and the circle center of the leftmost round hole of the trapezoidal round hole array 8 is 46 mm.

Furthermore, the hollow screws respectively penetrate through any hole in the rhombic circular hole array 4, any hole in the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array 7 and any hole in the trapezoidal circular hole array 8.

As shown in figures 3 and 4, when the invention is used, the invention is used for the implantation method of the inverted triangle hollow nail for clinically treating the femoral neck fracture, namely the hollow nail is implanted in the front upper part, the back upper part and the middle lower part of the femoral neck respectively. Firstly, preoperatively measuring results on an X-ray film (for example, the distance from the vertex of the femoral trochanter to the intersection point of the connecting line of the lower edge of the femoral neck and the central axis of the femur is about the distance from the left side edge of the guide plate 1 to the central circular hole of the rhombic circular hole array 4), after the sterilization and drape laying, implanting a first hollow nail guide pin into the trapezoidal circular hole array 8 after preliminary positioning according to preoperatively measured data, then performing perspective, and adjusting the position of the guide plate 1 according to the position of the guide pin. After the position of the guide plate 1 is adjusted, a second hollow nail guide pin is implanted into the central round hole 3 of the guide plate 1, and then the guide plate 1 can be fixed on the surface of the skin. Then, a third hollow nail guide pin and a fourth hollow nail guide pin are respectively implanted into the inverted trapezoidal round hole array 7 and the rhombic round hole array 4. Then the position of the first guide pin is adjusted to the proper round hole position of the trapezoidal round hole array 8. And finally, three hollow screws 2 are implanted into the positions of the three hollow screw guide pins in the central holes of the trapezoidal circular hole array 8, the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array 7 and the rhombic circular hole array 4.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the invention is also applicable to the "orthotrigonal" cannulated nail implantation method for clinically treating femoral neck fracture, i.e. the cannulated nails are implanted respectively in the middle upper part, the front lower part and the rear lower part of the femoral neck. At this moment, the guider needs to rotate 180 degrees on the surface of the skin, the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array 7 is changed into the trapezoidal circular hole array 7, and the trapezoidal circular hole array 8 is changed into the inverted trapezoidal circular hole array 8. Firstly, measuring results on an X-ray before operation (for example, the distance from the vertex of the femoral trochanter to the intersection point of a connecting line between the upper edge of the femoral neck and the central axis of the femur is about the distance from the left side edge of the guide plate 1 to the central circular hole of the rhombic circular hole array 4), after disinfection and towel paving in operation, implanting a first hollow nail guide pin into the trapezoidal circular hole array 7 after preliminary positioning according to measured data before operation, then performing perspective, and adjusting the position of the guide plate 1 according to the position of the guide pin. After the position of the guide plate 1 is adjusted, a second hollow nail guide pin is implanted into the central round hole 3 of the guide plate 1, and then the guide plate 1 can be fixed on the surface of the skin. Then implant third and fourth piece of hollow nail guide pin respectively in falling trapezoidal round hole array 8 and rhombus round hole array 4, then adjust first piece of hollow nail guide pin to the suitable round hole position of trapezoidal round hole array 7, implant three piece hollow screw 2 according to three piece hollow nail guide pin positions in falling trapezoidal round hole array 8, trapezoidal round hole array 7 and the rhombus round hole array 4 at last.