阅读说明：本技术 一种用于电火花大深径比小微孔高效加工的装置 (Device for efficiently machining electric spark large-depth-diameter-ratio small micropores ) 是由 宫虎 倪皓 孙艺嘉 于 2019-10-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于电火花大深径比小微孔高效加工的装置,包括电极及固定电极的中心轴,在中心轴的底端制有用于安装换能器的空腔,在中心轴内制有用于放置换能器引线的连通孔,连通孔与空腔连通,在中心轴上部同轴套装绝缘套筒、在绝缘套筒外同轴套装用于给换能器供电的导电滑环,在导电滑环外同轴套装第一套筒,在第一套筒外侧套装外壳,在外壳、第一套筒、绝缘套筒上均制有换能器引线导出孔,换能器引线从外壳引出后与超声波电源连接。本发明在超声电火花复合加工中,将电极振动、电极旋转和电极中心内出水进行复合,能在一定的加工条件下提高大深径比小微孔加工的效率,加工表面质量和加工的深度。并适用于各种结构和尺寸的导电材料的加工。(The invention relates to a device for efficiently processing an electric spark large-depth-diameter-ratio small micropore, which comprises an electrode and a central shaft for fixing the electrode, wherein a cavity for installing a transducer is formed at the bottom end of the central shaft, a communication hole for placing a lead of the transducer is formed in the central shaft, the communication hole is communicated with the cavity, an insulating sleeve is coaxially sleeved at the upper part of the central shaft, a conductive sliding ring for supplying power to the transducer is coaxially sleeved outside the insulating sleeve, a first sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the conductive sliding ring, a shell is sleeved outside the first sleeve, transducer lead leading-out holes are formed in the shell, the first sleeve and the insulating sleeve, and the transducer lead is connected with an ultrasonic power supply after being led out from the shell. In the ultrasonic electric spark combined machining, the electrode vibration, the electrode rotation and the water outlet in the electrode center are combined, so that the machining efficiency of the micro-hole with the large depth-diameter ratio and the small micro-hole with the small depth-diameter ratio, the machining surface quality and the machining depth can be improved under certain machining conditions. And is suitable for processing conductive materials with various structures and sizes.)

1. The utility model provides a device that is used for big depth-diameter ratio little micropore of electric spark to process high-efficiently, includes the center pin of electrode and fixed electrode, its characterized in that: the bottom of the central shaft is provided with a cavity for installing the transducer, a communication hole for placing a lead of the transducer is arranged in the central shaft, the communication hole is communicated with the cavity, the upper part of the central shaft is coaxially sleeved with an insulating sleeve, a conductive sliding ring for supplying power to the transducer is coaxially sleeved outside the insulating sleeve, a first sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the conductive sliding ring, the non-rotating part of the conductive sliding ring is matched with the first sleeve, the outer shell is sleeved outside the first sleeve, transducer lead leading-out holes are formed in the outer shell, the first sleeve and the insulating sleeve, and the transducer lead is connected with an ultrasonic power supply after being led out from the outer shell.

2. The device for high efficiency machining of electric sparks with large depth-to-diameter ratio and small micro holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an inner cooling pipe for conducting working fluid is coaxially arranged in the center of the central shaft in a penetrating mode, the top end of the inner cooling pipe is connected with a water pipe through a rotary joint, the bottom end of the inner cooling pipe is communicated and connected with a through hole in an electrode, and the energy converter is sleeved on the lower portion of the inner cooling pipe.

3. The device for high efficiency machining of electric sparks with large depth-to-diameter ratio and small micro holes as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the energy converter be sandwich type energy converter, including back shroud, four piezoceramics pieces, two sets of copper sheets, stud, biography pole, elastic sleeve, including the lower part suit stud of cold tube, at the upper end meshing suit back shroud of stud, at the lower extreme meshing suit biography pole that shakes of stud, four piezoceramics pieces of suit on the stud between back shroud and biography pole that shakes, two sets of copper sheets of installation on piezoceramics piece, copper sheet and the pin connection of energy converter, the upper portion outer wall of biography pole is connected with the bottom of center pin is adorned admittedly through the boss of an organic whole system, and the lower part of biography pole that shakes is passed through elastic sleeve and nut fixed electrode.

4. The device for high efficiency machining of electric sparks with large depth-to-diameter ratio and small micro holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the output of the ultrasonic power supply has two stages, one stage is transmitted to the transducer through the conductive slip ring, and the other stage is transmitted to the transducer through the electrode plate arranged on the shell, the bearing in the shell and the central shaft.

5. The device for high efficiency machining of electric sparks with large depth-to-diameter ratio and small micro holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an electrode rotating device is arranged at the lower part of the central shaft.

6. The device for high efficiency machining of electric sparks with large depth-to-diameter ratio and small micro holes as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the electrode rotating device comprises a motor and a belt transmission module, the outer wall of the lower portion of the central shaft is connected with the belt transmission module, and the motor drives the central shaft to rotate through the belt transmission module, so that the electrode rotates in the machining process.

7. The device for high efficiency machining of electric sparks with large depth-to-diameter ratio and small micro holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one stage of a pulse power supply for electric spark machining is connected to the shell through an electrode plate arranged on the shell, and then is conducted with the electrode through an internal metal accessory connected with the shell, and the other stage of the pulse power supply is connected to a workpiece to be machined.

8. The device for high efficiency machining of electric sparks with large depth-to-diameter ratio and small micro holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top of the shell is coaxially covered with a central shaft rear cover, the bottom of the shell is coaxially encapsulated with a sealing cover, and a central shaft supporting piece is arranged in the shell.

9. The apparatus for high efficiency machining of electric spark large depth-to-diameter ratio small micro hole as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the central shaft rear cover and the central shaft are sealed through a sealing ring.

10. The apparatus for high efficiency machining of electric spark large depth-to-diameter ratio small micro hole as claimed in claim 8, wherein: and a baffle is arranged between the central shaft rear cover and the conductive slip ring.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of special machining, relates to an electric spark machining technology and an ultrasonic machining technology, and particularly relates to a device for efficiently machining micro holes with large depth-diameter ratio by electric sparks.

Background

Although the existing electric discharge machining technology can be used for machining various conductive materials, the main technical problem is that the machining efficiency is relatively low. The machining efficiency can be improved to some extent by increasing the energy of the electrical discharge, but the integrity of the machined surface is reduced. Particularly, in the electric discharge machining of the micro-hole with large depth-diameter ratio, discharge products are difficult to remove along with the increase of the machining depth, and abnormal discharge is generated, so that the machining speed is reduced, and even the machining speed is stopped. In order to solve the technical problem in the micro-hole electric discharge machining with large depth-diameter ratio and small diameter ratio, a working solution supply mode of water flowing out from the center of an electrode is adopted in the field at present, or discharge products are promoted by the rotary motion of the electrode, the discharge condition is improved, and the machining depth is improved to a certain extent.

The ultrasonic electric spark composite machining technology is an improvement on the existing electric spark machining technology, and can effectively improve the material removal rate, improve the integrity of the machined surface, promote the discharge product to be removed and the like under certain machining conditions.

However, in the research of ultrasonic composite electric spark machining, ultrasonic vibration is often applied to workpiece materials, for example, CN110052679A is a deep-micropore ultrasonic auxiliary electric spark machining system based on a central-axis internal flushing liquid, and the vibration application mode is simple in structure and convenient to implement, but is not suitable for workpieces with complex structures and workpieces with large sizes and mass, so that the ultrasonic composite electric spark machining is difficult to popularize in practical industrial application. And ultrasonic vibration is applied to the electrode, so that the influence of the structure of the workpiece can be avoided, and the feasibility of industrial application and popularization is realized. However, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the electrodes, and the structure of the equipment is relatively complex.

According to the technical background, the ultrasonic composite electric spark machining technology is adopted, and an auxiliary method of electrode rotation and electrode center water outlet commonly adopted in the traditional electric spark machining technology is combined, so that the device for efficiently machining the electric spark large-depth-diameter-ratio small micropores, which has the functions of electrode ultrasonic vibration, electrode rotation and electrode center water outlet, is designed for machining the large-depth-diameter-ratio small micropores.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device for efficiently processing micro-holes with large depth-diameter ratio by electric sparks, which integrates the rotation of a collector, the water outlet of the center of an electrode and the ultrasonic vibration of the electrode.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

the utility model provides a device that is used for big depth-diameter ratio little micropore of electric spark to process high-efficiently, including the center pin of electrode and fixed electrode, the system has the cavity that is used for installing the transducer in the bottom system of center pin, system has the intercommunicating pore that is used for placing the transducer lead wire in the center pin, intercommunicating pore and cavity intercommunication, at the coaxial suit insulating sleeve in center pin upper portion, the outer coaxial suit of insulating sleeve is used for the electric slip ring that leads of giving the transducer power supply, the first sleeve of coaxial suit outside the electric slip ring that leads, the non-rotating part and the first sleeve cooperation of electric slip ring, the shell of suit outside first sleeve, at the shell, first sleeve, all system has the transducer lead wire to lead out the hole on the insulating sleeve, the transducer lead wire is connected.

And the center of the central shaft is coaxially provided with an inner cooling pipe for conducting working fluid in a penetrating way, the top end of the inner cooling pipe is connected with a water pipe through a rotary joint, the bottom end of the inner cooling pipe is communicated and connected with a through hole in the electrode, and the energy converter is sleeved at the lower part of the inner cooling pipe.

And, the transducer be sandwich transducer, including back shroud, four piezoceramics pieces, two sets of copper sheets, stud, biography vibration pole, elastic sleeve, including the lower part suit stud of cold tube, at the upper end meshing suit back shroud of stud, at the lower extreme meshing suit biography vibration pole of stud, four piezoceramics pieces of suit on the stud between back shroud and biography vibration pole, install two sets of copper sheets on piezoceramics piece, copper sheet and lead connection of transducer, the upper portion outer wall of biography vibration pole is connected with the bottom of center pin is adorned admittedly through the boss of making integratively, and elastic sleeve and nut fixed electrode are passed through to the lower part of biography vibration pole.

And the output of the ultrasonic power supply has two stages, one stage is transmitted to the transducer through the conductive slip ring, and the other stage is transmitted to the transducer through the electrode plate arranged on the shell, the bearing in the shell and the central shaft.

An electrode rotating device is mounted on the lower portion of the axial center shaft.

And, electrode rotating device include motor and belt transmission module, connect belt transmission module at the lower part outer wall of center pin, the motor passes through belt transmission module and drives the center pin rotation for the electrode rotates in the course of working.

And one stage of the pulse power supply for electric spark machining is connected to the shell through an electrode plate arranged on the shell, and then is conducted with the electrode through an internal metal accessory connected with the shell, and the other stage of the pulse power supply is connected to a workpiece to be machined.

The top of the shell is coaxially covered with a central shaft rear cover, and the bottom of the shell is coaxially sealed with a sealing cover. A shaft support is sleeved on the central shaft in the shell.

The central shaft rear cover and the central shaft are sealed through a sealing ring, and a baffle plate is arranged between the central shaft rear cover and the conductive slip ring.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

in the ultrasonic electric spark combined machining, the electrode vibration, the electrode rotation and the water outlet in the electrode center are combined, so that the ultrasonic electric spark combined machining device can be conveniently integrated with an electric spark high-speed perforating machine, and the machining efficiency, the machining surface quality and the machining depth of the micro-hole with the large depth-diameter ratio can be improved under certain machining conditions. And is suitable for processing conductive materials with various structures and sizes.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural view of the present processing apparatus.

In the figure: 1. the structure of the piezoelectric ceramic vibration damper comprises a water pipe, 2. a rotary joint, 3. a central shaft, 4. a sealing ring, 5. a central shaft rear cover, 6. a baffle, 7. a first sleeve, 8. a shell, 9. an insulating sleeve, 10. a screw, 11. an electrode plate, 12. a second sleeve, 13. a bearing, 14. a gasket, 15. a sealing cover, 16. a first belt wheel, 17. a snap spring, 18. an electrode copper sheet, 19. a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 20. an electrode, 21. an elastic sleeve, 22. a vibration transmission rod, 23. a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 24. a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 25. a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 26. an electrode copper sheet, 27. a rear cover plate, 28. a synchronous belt, 29. a second belt wheel, 30. a motor, 31. a bearing, 32. a conductive sliding ring, 33. an inner cooling pipe, 34. an ultrasonic power supply, 35. a pulse power supply, 36

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

A device for efficiently machining micro holes with large depth-diameter ratio and small electric sparks comprises a shell unit and a central shaft 3 arranged in the shell unit. An inner cooling pipe 33 for conducting working fluid is coaxially arranged in the center of the central shaft in a penetrating mode, the top end of the inner cooling pipe is connected with the water pipe 1 through the rotary joint 2, threads for connecting the rotary joint are formed in the top end of the central shaft, and the bottom end of the inner cooling pipe is communicated and connected with a through hole in the electrode 20. The insulating medium (deionized water, kerosene, etc.) for electric discharge machining flows through the water pipe, the rotary joint, the inner cooling pipe and finally the through hole inside the electrode to the electric discharge machining area.

The bottom end of the central shaft is provided with a cavity for installing the transducer, a communication hole for placing a lead of the transducer is arranged in the central shaft, and the lead communication hole is communicated with the cavity. An insulating sleeve 9 is coaxially sleeved on the upper part of the central shaft, a conductive slip ring 32 for supplying power to the transducer is coaxially sleeved outside the insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is used for isolating two stages. A first sleeve 7 is coaxially sleeved outside the conductive slip ring, and the non-rotating part of the conductive slip ring is matched with the first sleeve. The outer shell 8 is sleeved outside the first sleeve, and lead wire leading-out holes are formed in the first sleeve, the outer shell and the insulating sleeve. The transducer leads are led out through the communication hole of the central shaft, the conductive slip ring and the leading-out holes of the sleeves and then connected with the ultrasonic power supply 34. The energy converter is a sandwich type energy converter and comprises a rear cover plate 27, four piezoelectric ceramic pieces 19, 23, 24 and 25, two groups of copper sheets 18 and 26, a double-end stud 38, a vibration transmission rod 22 and an elastic sleeve 21, wherein the lower part of an inner cooling pipe is sleeved with the double-end stud, the upper end of the double-end stud is meshed and sleeved with the rear cover plate, the lower end of the double-end stud is meshed and sleeved with the vibration transmission rod, the double-end stud between the rear cover plate and the vibration transmission rod is sleeved with the four piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the two groups of copper sheets are arranged on the piezoelectric ceramic pieces. And the transducer lead is connected with the copper sheet. The outer wall of the upper part of the vibration transmission rod is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the central shaft through an integrally-manufactured boss, and the lower part of the vibration transmission rod is fixed with an electrode through an elastic sleeve and a nut 37.

Ultrasonic frequency signals are input by an ultrasonic power supply to drive, the output of the power supply has two stages, one stage is transmitted to the transducer through a conductive slip ring, and the other stage is transmitted to the transducer through a screw 10, an electrode plate 11, a conductive shell, bearings 13 and 31 and a central shaft. The ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the electrode through the vibration transmission rod, the elastic sleeve and the nut, and the ultrasonic power supply is adjusted in output frequency to reach a resonance state, namely the end part reaches the maximum amplitude.

The outer wall of the lower part of the central shaft is fixed with a first belt wheel 16 through a clamp spring 17, the first belt wheel is connected with a second belt wheel 29 through a synchronous belt 28, and the second belt wheel is connected with an output shaft of a motor 30. The motor drives the central shaft to rotate through the transmission module (the first belt wheel, the second belt wheel and the synchronous belt) so that the electrode rotates in the machining process. The central shaft is fixedly connected with the inner rings of the two bearings 13, 31, and the second sleeve 12 and the washer 14 are used for fixing the inner rings of the bearings 13.

One stage of a pulse power source 35 for electric discharge machining is connected to the housing through a screw 10 and an electrode 11, and is conducted to the electrode for machining through other metal fittings connected thereto, and the other stage of the pulse power source is connected to a workpiece 36 to be machined.

A central shaft rear cover 5 is coaxially covered on the top of the shell, the central shaft rear cover and the central shaft are sealed through a sealing ring 4, and a baffle 6 is arranged between the central shaft rear cover and the conductive slip ring. The sealing cover 15 is coaxially packaged at the bottom of the shell, so that external dust or water is prevented from entering the device, and the protection effect is achieved.

Under the same condition, compared with the traditional electric spark perforating device, the device can improve the efficiency of processing the micro-holes with large depth-diameter ratio by more than one time, and has better effect especially on the micro deep holes with small current and the depth-diameter ratio of more than 60: 1.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.