阅读说明：本技术 泡沫组合物及其用途 (Foam composition and use thereof ) 是由 侯赛因·A·巴格达迪 于 2017-03-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及一种泡沫组合物及其用途。提供了包含泡沫的用于鞋类物品和运动装备的组件。提供了多种泡沫和泡沫组件以及用于形成泡沫的组合物。在某些方面中,泡沫以及包含泡沫的组件能够具有特别高的能量返回,同时还具有改进的耐久性和柔软性。特别地,提供了包含泡沫的鞋中底,用于在鞋类物品中使用。提供了制造组合物和泡沫的方法以及制造包含泡沫组件中的一种的鞋类物品的方法。在某些方面中,泡沫和泡沫组件能够通过注塑成型或注塑成型然后压缩成型来制造。(The present application relates to a foam composition and its use. An assembly for an article of footwear and athletic equipment including foam is provided. Foams and foam components and compositions for forming foams are provided. In certain aspects, the foams and assemblies comprising the foams are capable of particularly high energy return while also having improved durability and softness. In particular, a midsole containing foam is provided for use in an article of footwear. Methods of making the compositions and foams and methods of making articles of footwear including one of the foam components are provided. In certain aspects, the foam and foam components can be manufactured by injection molding or injection molding followed by compression molding.)

1. A prefoamed composition comprising:

(a) from 5 parts per hundred resin (phr) to 45phr of an a-B-a block copolymer, wherein each a block comprises styrenic repeat units, a B block is a random copolymer of ethylene and a first alpha-olefin, wherein the first alpha-olefin has from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and wherein the a-B-a block copolymer comprises from 10% to 40% by weight of an a block based on the total weight of the a-B-a block copolymer;

(b)30 to 90phr of C₄-C₁₀₀Unsaturated olefin component, said C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin component comprises an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin, wherein the second alpha-olefin has from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more ethylene-rich blocks and one or more alpha-olefin-rich blocks; and

(c) from 5phr to 50phr of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, wherein the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a vinyl acetate content of from 10% to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,

wherein the ratio of phr of (a) to (b) is from 0.17 to 0.3.

2. The pre-foamed composition of claim 1, comprising 10 parts per hundred resin (phr) to 22phr of (a) a styrenic A-B-A block copolymer component and 45phr to 80phr of (B) the C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin component.

3. The pre-foamed composition of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising one or both of a free-radical initiator and a chemical blowing agent.

4. The pre-foamed composition of any preceding claim, further comprising one or more cross-linking agents.

5. A foam composition comprising a foamed prefoamed composition according to any of the preceding claims.

6. The foam composition of claim 5, wherein the foam composition has 0.08g/cm³To 0.15g/cm³The density of (c).

7. The foam composition of claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the foam composition, as determined using ASTM D2632-92, has an energy return of from 60% to 85%.

8. A compression molded foam formed by compression molding the foam composition of any one of claims 5-7.

9. The compression-molded foam of claim 8, having a density of 0.15g/cm³To 0.30g/cm³The density of (c).

10. Sole assembly (14) for an article of footwear (10), comprising a foam composition according to any one of claims 5-7 or a compression-moulded foam according to claim 8 or claim 9.

11. The sole assembly of claim 10, wherein the sole assembly is a midsole.

12. An article of footwear (10) comprising the sole assembly (14) of claim 10 or claim 11.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to materials, and in particular to materials for footwear and related industries and uses thereof.

Background

Footwear design involves a variety of factors from aesthetic aspects to comfort and feel, to performance and durability. While footwear design and fashion can change rapidly, the need for improved performance in the athletic footwear market is constant. To balance these needs, footwear designers have utilized a variety of materials and designs for the various components that make up an article of footwear.

Brief Description of Drawings

Further aspects of the disclosure will be readily appreciated upon reading the detailed description that follows when taken in conjunction with the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view of an article of footwear having a sole assembly in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a sole assembly of the article of footwear of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the bottom of the sole assembly of the article of footwear of fig. 1.

FIG. 4 is a bottom view of an insert for a sole assembly of an article of footwear.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the insert of FIG. 4, the insert of FIG. 4 being inserted into a first portion to form a sole assembly.

Detailed Description

New designs and materials for the footwear industry are needed. In particular, there remains a need for improved foam compositions, for example, that can be used in the footwear industry to provide improved cushioning and energy return when used in the midsole or other components of an article of footwear.

In various aspects, compositions are provided that can be foamed, i.e., can be used to produce a foam composition. For clarity, in some instances, a composition that has not yet been foamed may be referred to as a "pre-foamed" composition. Also provided are foamed compositions, e.g., compositions that have been made by foaming a "prefoamed" composition as described herein. Articles of footwear, such as athletic footwear, and components thereof, including one or more foam compositions are also provided. In particular, aspects of the present disclosure describe sole assemblies for articles of footwear with extremely high energy return. Sole components having extremely high energy return can be manufactured by foaming the pre-foamed compositions described herein. Methods of making the compositions and components made from the compositions are also provided.

Before the present disclosure is described in greater detail, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular aspects described, as such may, of course, vary. Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the foam compositions and components thereof will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present disclosure, and be protected by the accompanying claims. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations and adaptations of the aspects described herein. Such variations and adaptations are intended to be included in the teachings of this disclosure and are encompassed by the claims herein.

Article of footwear

In many aspects, an article of footwear is provided. In particular, the following article of footwear is provided: comprising one or more components made wholly or partly of the foams mentioned above and described in more detail below. The foam and components made therefrom may have a range of desirable properties for footwear, including softness, durability, and extremely high energy return. The article of footwear may in principle comprise any article of footwear. In many aspects, the article of footwear may comprise a shoe, boot, or sandal.

The most common article of footwear is a shoe. The shoes may include athletic shoes such as baseball shoes, basketball shoes, soccer shoes, football shoes, running shoes, cross-training shoes (cross-training shoes), cheering shoes, golf shoes, and the like. In certain aspects, the shoe can be cleated. An exemplary article of footwear 10 is shown in fig. 1. While an athletic shoe is illustrated in fig. 1, it will be readily appreciated that some of the terms used will also apply to other articles of footwear or other types of footwear. Footwear 10 includes an upper 12, and a sole assembly 14 secured to upper 12. Sole assembly 14 may be secured to upper 12 by an adhesive or any other suitable means. As used herein, sole component 14 may be a unitary component formed entirely of foam material as described herein or a multi-component assembly formed of more than one unitary component, wherein at least one of the unitary components is formed entirely of foam material as described herein. Footwear 10 has a medial (inner) side 16 and a lateral (outer) side 18.

In some aspects, the upper is not formed until it is attached to the sole assembly. In some cases, the upper is a lasted upper. As used herein, "slip lasting" refers to an upper that forms a shoe shape prior to attachment to a sole by one or more mechanical means. The slip-last upper may include a heel counter (heel counter) that is formed to shape a heel of the upper. The lasted upper may include a mid-sole (strobel sock) or strobel board (strobel board) that is attached to the upper, typically by strobel pins.

Sole assembly 14 is generally positioned between the foot of the wearer and the ground, provides attenuation of ground reaction forces (i.e., imparts cushioning), traction, and may control foot motions, such as pronation. As with conventional articles of footwear, sole assembly 14 may include an insole (not shown) located within upper 12. In certain aspects, the sole component is an insole or sockliner, or a multi-component assembly including an insole or sockliner, which may also include an insole or sockliner located within the upper, wherein the insole or sockliner is formed, in whole or in part, from the foam material described herein. The articles of footwear described herein may include insoles or insoles formed entirely or in part from the foam materials described herein.

The most common components of shoes and other footwear can be divided into one of three types of components: an upper assembly, a lower assembly, and an abrasive assembly. The upper components generally refer to all of the components that are stitched or otherwise joined together to form the upper. The materials in the upper generally contribute to characteristics such as air permeability, compliance, weight, and flexibility or softness. The lower assembly generally refers to all assemblies that generally form the lower portion. The lower portion may include, for example, an outsole and a midsole. The choice and design of outsole material can, for example, contribute to durability, traction, and pressure distribution during use. Midsole materials and designs contribute to factors such as cushioning and support. The abrasive assembly includes all additional components that may be attached to the upper portion, the lower portion, or both. The abrasive elements may include, for example, eyelets, toe caps, shanks (shanks), cleats, laces, velcro (velcro), fasteners, reinforcing inserts, liners, pads, heel reinforcements, heel foxing (heel cushioning), toe caps (toe caps), and the like.

For general reference purposes, footwear 10 may be divided into three general portions: forefoot portion 20, midfoot portion 22, and heel portion 24. Portions 20, 22, and 24 are not intended to demarcate precise areas of footwear 10. Rather, portions 20, 22, and 24 are intended to represent general areas of footwear 10 that provide a frame of reference during the following discussion.

Unless otherwise stated, or otherwise clear from the context below, directional terms used herein, such as rearward, forward, top, bottom, inward, downward, upward, etc., refer to directions relative to footwear 10 itself. The footwear is shown in fig. 1 as being arranged substantially horizontally, as it would rest on a horizontal surface when worn by a wearer. However, it should be understood that footwear 10 need not be limited to this orientation. Thus, in fig. 1, rearwardly is toward heel portion 24, i.e., to the right as viewed in fig. 1. Naturally, forward is toward forefoot portion 20, i.e., to the left as viewed in fig. 1, and downward is toward the bottom of the page as viewed in fig. 1. Top refers to the element toward the top of the page as seen in fig. 1, and bottom refers to the element toward the bottom of the page as seen in fig. 1. Inwardly is toward the center of footwear 10 and outwardly is toward the peripheral edge of footwear 10.

As can be seen in fig. 2, sole component 14 includes a first portion 26, first portion 26 having an upper surface 27, upper surface 27 having a recess 28 formed therein. Upper surface 27 is secured to upper 12 by adhesive or other suitable fastening means. More than one substantially horizontal rib 30 is formed on the exterior of the first portion 26. In some aspects, ribs 30 extend rearward from a central portion of forefoot portion 20 on medial side 16, along first portion 26, around heel portion 24, and forward on lateral side 18 of first portion 26 to a central portion of forefoot portion 20.

First portion 26 provides an outer traction surface for sole assembly 14. In certain aspects, it should be understood that a separate outsole component may be secured to the lower surface of first portion 26.

Sipe 28 extends from heel portion 24 to forefoot portion 20. In some aspects, rear surface 32 of sipe 28 is curved to substantially follow the rear contour of heel portion 24, and front surface 34 of sipe 28 extends laterally through first portion 26.

The insert 36 is received in the recess 28. The insert 36 has a curved rear surface 38 that cooperates with the curved rear surface 32 of the recess 28 and a lateral front surface 40 that cooperates with the lateral front surface 34 of the recess 28. The upper surface 42 of the insert 36 is in contact with the upper 12 and secured to the upper 12 with an adhesive or other suitable fastening means.

As best seen in fig. 3, the ground-engaging lower surface 44 of the first portion 26 includes more than one projection 46. Each projection 46 is surrounded by a groove 48. More than one transverse slot 50 is formed in the lower surface 44 extending between adjacent projections 46. A longitudinal slot 52 extends along lower surface 44 from heel portion 24 to forefoot portion 20.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, insert 36 may provide cushioning or resiliency in the sole assembly. The first portion 26 may provide structure and support for the insert 36. In these aspects, the first portion 26 may be formed of a material having a higher density and/or higher hardness than the insert 36, such as, for example, non-foam materials (including rubber and thermoplastic polyurethane) and foam materials. In certain aspects, the insert 36 may be formed from a foam material as disclosed herein.

Fig. 4 and 5 show bottom and top views of the insert 60. The insert 60 may be used in a sole assembly as described herein. The insert 60 is similar to the insert 36, but as illustrated in fig. 4 and 5, the insert 60 is formed of two types of materials 62 and 64, at least one of which is a foam as disclosed herein. Fig. 4 illustrates a bottom view of the insert 60, while fig. 5 illustrates a top view of the insert 60 formed from two types of materials 62 and 64, with the insert placed within the first portion 66 to form the sole assembly 14. Also can be usedThere are inserts of more than two types of materials, at least one of which is a foam as disclosed herein. In the example illustrated in fig. 4 and 5, a portion of the first material 62 may be used in the heel region of the insert and a portion of the second material 64 may be used in the toe region of the insert. A higher density material may be used to support the heel region and a lower density material may be used to support the toe region. For example, the density of the first material may be at least 0.02g/cm greater than the density of the second material³. The shape of the portions of the two materials 62 and 64 of the insert may be any suitable shape. For example, the heel region may be in the shape of a wedge. Inserts formed from both types of materials may be used in running shoes as well as basketball shoes.

While the compositions and foams described herein may be used to make any of a variety of components of an article of footwear, in particular aspects, the components include a midsole, an outsole, an insole, a tongue pad (tongue padding), a collar pad, and combinations thereof. In certain aspects, the component is a sole component, such as sole component 14 depicted in fig. 1-5, that includes a foam as described herein. In certain aspects, the component is an insert, such as insert 36 or insert 60 depicted in fig. 4-5, comprising a foam as described herein. The sole assembly and inserts for the sole assembly may be partially or entirely made from the foam described herein. Any portion of the sole assembly or an insert for the sole assembly may be made from the foam described herein. For example, first portion 26 of the sole assembly (optionally including ground-engaging lower surface 44, e.g., more than one projection 46 and/or groove 48 surrounding a projection), the entire insert 36, portions 62 or 64 of insert 60, an outsole assembly alone, or any combination thereof, may include foam as described herein. The sole component and insert may be manufactured by foaming the compositions provided herein, for example by injection molding or by injection molding followed by compression molding as described herein. The foams and assemblies may exhibit improved physical properties including one or more of enhanced energy return, enhanced split tear, reduced specific gravity, or combinations thereof.

Split-layer tearing is an important physical property of foam for components of articles of footwear or athletic equipment. In certain aspects, the foam or component can have a split tear value of about 1.0kg/cm to 4.5kg/cm, about 1.6kg/cm to 4.0kg/cm, about 2.0kg/cm to 3.5kg/cm, or about 2.5kg/cm to 3.5 kg/cm. The section tear may be measured as described in the examples below. In certain aspects, the foam or component is compression molded, and the compression molded foam or component can have a split tear of about 0.08kg/cm to 4.0kg/cm, about 0.9kg/cm to 3.0kg/cm, about 1.0kg/cm to 2.0kg/cm, about 1.0kg/cm to 1.5kg/cm, or about 2 kg/cm. In certain aspects, the foam or component is injection molded, and the foam or component can have a split tear of about 0.07 to 2.0kg/cm, or about 0.8 to 1.5kg/cm, or about 0.9 to 1.2kg/cm, about 1.5 to 2.2 kg/cm.

Energy return is a measure of the percentage of energy returned by a foam or component when compressed, which is an important physical property, especially for running shoes and other athletic shoes. In certain aspects, the foams and assemblies provided herein have an energy return of about 60% to 90%, about 60% to 85%, about 65% to 85%, or about 70% to 85%. In certain aspects, the foam or component is compression molded and may have an energy return of about 60% to 95% (e.g., about 60% to 85%, about 65% to 80%, about 65% to 75%, about 70% to 80%, or about 75% to 80%, about 75% to 85%, about 80% to 95%, or about 85% to 95%). Energy return may be measured as described in the examples below.

The foam and the assembly may be lightweight. In certain aspects, the foams and components may have a specific density of about 0.05 to 0.25, about 0.05 to 0.2, about 0.05 to 0.15, about 0.08 to 0.20, about 0.08 to 0.25, or about 0.1 to 0.15. In certain aspects, the foam or component is compression molded and may have a specific density of about 0.15 to 0.3, about 0.2 to 0.3, or about 0.15 to 0.25.

In some examples, the processes for making the foams and components of the various examples described herein further include compression molding the foam to obtain a compression molded foam or a compression molded component. In certain aspects, compression-molded, foamed preforms formed from the foam compositions of the present disclosure can produce compression-molded foam components having physical properties that make these components particularly advantageous for use in articles of footwear and athletic equipment. For example, the physical properties of these compression molded foam components make them particularly suitable for use as cushioning elements, such as shoe midsoles.

In certain aspects, the resiliency and/or energy return of a compression-molded foam or compression-molded component may be significantly greater than the resiliency and/or energy return of an otherwise identical foam preform used to make the compression-molded foam component. While compression molded foam components formed from preforms foamed using other foaming (blowing) methods sometimes have greater resiliency and/or energy return than their preforms, even greater increases in resiliency and/or energy return can be achieved when compression molding foam preforms foamed using an impregnation process with a physical blowing agent as described herein. The resiliency and/or energy return of the compression molded foam component may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points greater than the resiliency and/or energy return of the foam preform used to make the compression molded foam component. In a particular example, the resiliency and/or energy return of the compression molded foam component is at least 9 percentage points greater than the resiliency and/or energy return of the foam preform used to make the compression molded foam component.

Thus, a greater increase in resiliency and/or energy return of such compression molded foam components may result in components having higher resiliency and/or energy return than is possible using foam preforms made using other foaming methods. Using the foaming process described herein, it has been found possible to produce compression-molded foam components having higher than ordinary resiliency while using cost-effective materials and processes for consumer products such as articles of footwear and athletic equipment. The resiliency and/or energy return of the compression molded foam component may be greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%. For example, the resiliency and/or energy return of the compression-formed foam component may be 45% to 95%, or 50% to 90%, or 55% to 90%, or 60% to 80%, or 50% to 85%, or 55% to 75%, or 60% to 75%. Compression molded foam components having a resiliency of greater than 45%, or 50%, or 55%, or 60%, or 65% may be particularly advantageous for articles of footwear. Additionally or in combination, the resilience and/or energy return of the foam preform may be less than 75%, or less than 70%, or less than 65%, or less than 60%. For example, the resilience and/or energy return of the foam preform may be 40% to 80%, or 55% to 75%, or 50% to 70%, or 65% to 80%.

In particular examples, when the compression molded foam component has an elasticity and/or energy return of greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%, the elasticity and/or energy return of the compression molded foam component may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points higher than the elasticity and/or energy return of the foam preform used to make the compression molded foam component.

There are several methods in the art to measure the resiliency and/or energy return of foam (e.g., foam preform and foam assembly). One method of measuring the resiliency of a foam is based on ASTM D2632-92, which is a test on solid rubber materials. For use in foams, test samples were prepared as described in ASTM D2632-92, but foam samples were used instead of solid rubber samples. This test uses a plunger that falls from a high position onto the test specimen while being guided by a vertical rod. The drop height was divided into 100 equal parts and the height of plunger rebound was measured using this 100 scale to determine the elasticity of the sample. An alternative method may also be used which uses a standard weight ball dropped on the sample and the rebound height of the ball measured to determine the elasticity of the sample.

The specific gravity of the foam is also an important consideration when it is used in an article of footwear or a component of athletic equipmentPhysical properties. The foams and assemblies of the present disclosure can have 0.02g/cm³To 0.22g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.04g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.11g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.10g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³、0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³；0.15g/cm³To 0.30g/cm³Specific gravity of (a). Alternatively or additionally, the foam preform may have a density of 0.01g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.02g/cm³To 0.08g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.06g/cm³；0.08g/cm³To 0.15g/cm³(ii) a Or 0.10g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Specific gravity of (a). For example, the specific weight of the compression molded foam component may be 0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³And the specific gravity of the foam preform may be 0.10g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³. The foam or assembly may be compression molded.

In particular examples, when the compression molded foam component has an elasticity and/or energy return of greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%, the elasticity and/or energy return of the compression molded foam component may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points higher than the elasticity and/or energy return of a foam preform used to make the compression molded foam component, and the compression molded foam may have a 0.02g/cm³To 0.15g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.04g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.11g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³，0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³(ii) a Or 0.15g/cm³To 0.30g/cm³Specific gravity of (a).

The specific gravity of the foam or component can be determined by testing at least 3 representative samples (e.g., 2 inch x 2 inch samples or 1 inch x1 inch samples) taken from the foam preform or compression molded foam component, or at least 3 integral foam preforms or compression molded foam components. The weight of each sample was determined in air using a balance with appropriate accuracy for the sample weight, and after removing any air bubbles adhering to the surface of the weighed foam sample when the sample was completely immersed in distilled water at a temperature of 22 ℃ ± 2 ℃. Then, the specific gravity (S.G.) was calculated by: the weight of the sample in water was sampled and subtracted from the weight of the sample in air, and this value was then divided by the weight of the sample in air, where all weights are weights in grams.

Compression set of the foam is another important physical property of the foam for use as a component of an article of footwear or athletic equipment. In accordance with the present disclosure, a compression molded foam or compression molded component may have a compression set of 40% to 100%. For example, the compression set may be 45% to 90%, or 40% to 80%, or 50% to 75%.

Compression set can be measured by preparing a sample of the foam preform having a standard thickness (e.g., 10 mm). A sample having a standard thickness may be prepared by stacking components having a thickness less than the standard thickness. The sample is loaded into a metal platen and compressed to a height of 50% of the original thickness (e.g., 5 mm). The sample was placed side in a 50 ℃ oven for 6 hours. At the end of 6 hours, the samples were removed from the oven and metal platens and allowed to cool for 30 minutes. Once cooled, the thickness of the sample was measured. Percent compression set (C.S.) was calculated by: (a) subtracting the final sample thickness from the original sample thickness; and (b) subtracting the 50% compressed thickness from the original sample thickness; (c) dividing (a) by (b); and (d) multiplying the result by 100 to obtain a percent compression set (where all thicknesses are measured in millimeters).

Hardness is another important physical property of a foam or component to be used in an article of footwear or athletic equipment. In accordance with the present disclosure, a compression molded foam or component can have a hardness of at least 20Asker C, or at least 30Asker C, or at least 40Asker C, or at least 50Asker C. For example, a compression-formed foam or compression-formed component can have a hardness of 20 to 70Asker C, or 20 to 40Asker C, or 30 to 35Asker C, or 25 to 65Asker C, or 30 to 50Asker C, or 40 to 70Asker C, or 35 to 55Asker C, or 50 to 65Asker C. The foam preform can have a hardness of less than 40Asker C, or less than 30Asker C, or less than 20Asker C. For example, the foam preform can have a hardness of 15 to 50, or 20 to 40, or 20 to 30Asker C. Hardness can be measured on a flat area of foam (e.g., at least 6mm thick) using an Asker C durometer.

In particular examples, when the compression-molded foam component has an elasticity and/or energy return of greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%, the elasticity and/or energy return of the compression-molded foam component may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points higher than the elasticity and/or energy return of a foam preform used to make the compression-molded foam component, and the compression-molded foam component may have a hardness of at least 20Asker C, or at least 30Asker C, or at least 40Asker C, or at least 50Asker C. Further, the compression-molded foam may have a density of 0.02g/cm³To 0.15g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.04g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.11g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³，0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³(ii) a Or 0.15g/cm³To 0.30g/cm³Specific gravity of (a).

Split-layer tearing is another important physical property of foam or components for articles of footwear or athletic equipment. In accordance with the present disclosure, a compression-molded foam or component can have a split tear of 0.08kg/cm to 4.0kg/cm, or 0.9kg/cm to 3.0kg/cm, or 1.0kg/cm to 2.0kg/cm, or 1.0kg/cm to 1.5kg/cm, or about 2 kg/cm. Alternatively or additionally, the foam preform may have a split tear of 0.07kg/cm to 2.0kg/cm, or 0.8kg/cm to 1.5kg/cm, or 0.9kg/cm to 1.2kg/cm, or about 1.5kg/cm to about 2.2 kg/cm.

The section tear of the foam preform and the compression molded foam assembly can be measured using ASTM D3574-95. Although this method is directed to bonded and molded polyurethane foams, it can be used with any foam material according to the present disclosure. The foam samples had a thickness of 10mm ± 1 mm. If the foam preform or the compression molded foam component has an outer skin, the outer skin should not be present on the test sample. A 3cm long cut was placed in the center of one end of the sample and marked in 5 consecutive 2cm sections along the edge of the sample. The samples were tested as described in ASTM D3574-95.

The tear strength of the compression molded foam component may be in the range of 4kg/cm to 10 kg/cm.

The tensile strength of the foam is another important physical property. The foam or the component may have a thickness of 5kg/cm²To 25kg/cm²Or 10kg/cm²To 23kg/cm²Or 15kg/cm²To 22kg/cm²The tensile strength of (2). Tensile strength can be measured on die-cut samples of foam in the shape of standard-sized dumbbells, e.g., 2.5cm wide by 11.5cm long, with a minimum thickness of 3mm to 4 mm. The dumbbells follow the shape described in ASTM D412, mold C. The samples were loaded symmetrically and tested using a long-stroke extensometer such as Instron 2603-. The tensile value at the point of failure (the point during the test when the load value initially dropped) of the sample was recorded. The foam or assembly may be compression molded.

Another physical property to consider when determining whether a foam is suitable for use as a component of an article of footwear or athletic equipment is its 300% elongation. The compression molded foam or component may have an elongation of at least 125%, or at least 150%.

Some examples described herein relate to foam articles (e.g., articles used to manufacture at least portions of footwear or athletic equipment) manufactured by processes/methods that include: forming a pre-foamed composition, the pre-foamed composition comprising: polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units(ii) a And C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin; the polymer comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units and C of the pre-foamed composition₄-C₁₀₀Crosslinking the unsaturated olefin block copolymer to form a crosslinked prefoamed composition; and foaming the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or both the pre-foamed composition and the crosslinked pre-foamed composition to obtain a foamed article. In some examples, crosslinking and foaming may occur substantially simultaneously. In some examples, the process for forming the foamed article further comprises injection molding the pre-foamed composition, and the crosslinking occurs during the injection molding. In some examples, the crosslinked composition, or both the pre-foamed composition and the crosslinked composition, are foamed in a mold. In some examples, crosslinking occurs during injection molding (e.g., crosslinking occurs substantially in the mold).

In some examples, the foam articles of the various examples described herein can further comprise at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or at least one olefin block copolymer, each term as defined herein. Components such as midsoles may have a variety of beneficial properties.

It has been found that for many examples, the resiliency and/or energy return (also referred to as energy return) of a compression-formed foam article can be significantly greater than the resiliency and/or energy return of the foam article used to make the compression-formed foam article. While compression-molded foam articles formed using other foaming methods sometimes have greater resiliency and/or energy return than corresponding foam articles, even greater increases in resiliency and/or energy return can be achieved when compression-molded foam articles are formed using an impregnation process with a physical blowing agent as described herein. The resiliency and/or energy return of the compression-shaped foam article may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points higher than the resiliency and/or energy return of the foam article used to make the compression-shaped foam article. In a particular example, the resiliency and/or energy return of the compression-molded foam article is at least 9 percentage points greater than the resiliency and/or energy return of the foam article used to make the compression-molded foam article.

Thus, a greater increase in resiliency and/or energy return of such compression-molded foam articles can result in assemblies having a resiliency and/or energy return that is higher than is possible using foam articles manufactured using other foaming methods. Using the foaming process described herein, it has been found possible to produce compression-molded foam articles having higher than ordinary resilience, while using cost-effective materials and processes for consumer products such as articles of footwear and athletic equipment. The resiliency and/or energy return of the compression-formed foam article may be greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%. For example, the resiliency and/or energy return of the compression-formed foam article may be 45% to 95%, or 50% to 90%, or 55% to 90%, or 60% to 80%, or 50% to 85%, or 55% to 75%, or 60% to 75%. Compression-molded foam articles having a resiliency of greater than 45%, or 50%, or 55%, or 60%, or 65% may be particularly advantageous for articles of footwear. Additionally or in combination, the resilience and/or energy return of the foam article may be less than 75%, or less than 70%, or less than 65%, or less than 60%. For example, the resilience and/or energy return of the foam article may be from 40% to 80%, or from 55% to 75%, or from 50% to 70%, or from 65% to 80%.

In particular examples, when the compression-shaped foam article has an elasticity and/or energy return of greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%, the elasticity and/or energy return of the compression-shaped foam article may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points greater than the elasticity and/or energy return of the foam article used to make the compression-shaped foam article.

The specific gravity of the foam article is also an important physical property to consider when using the foam in an article of footwear or a component of athletic equipment. The disclosure of the present applicationThe compression-molded foam article may have a density of 0.02g/cm³To 0.22g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.04g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.11g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.10g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³、0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³；0.15g/cm³To 0.30g/cm³Specific gravity of (a). Alternatively or additionally, the foamed article may have a density of 0.01g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.02g/cm³To 0.08g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.06g/cm³；0.08g/cm³To 0.15g/cm³(ii) a Or 0.10g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Specific gravity of (a). For example, the specific gravity of the compression-molded foam article may be 0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³And the specific gravity of the foamed article may be 0.10g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³。

In particular examples, when the compression-shaped foam article has an elasticity and/or energy return of greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%, the elasticity and/or energy return of the compression-shaped foam article may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points higher than the elasticity and/or energy return of the foam article used to make the compression-shaped foam article, and the compression-shaped foam article may have 0.02g/cm³To 0.15g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.04g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.11g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³，0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³(ii) a Or 0.15g/cm³To 0.30g/cm³Specific gravity of (a).

Compression set of a foam article is another important physical property of foam used as a component of an article of footwear or athletic equipment. In accordance with the present disclosure, a compression-molded foam article may have a compression set of 40% to 100%. For example, the compression set may be 45% to 90%, or 40% to 80%, or 50% to 75%.

Hardness is another important physical property of foam articles used as footwear or athletic equipment. In accordance with the present disclosure, a compression-molded foam article can have a hardness of at least 20Asker C, or at least 30Asker C, or at least 40Asker C, or at least 50Asker C. For example, a compression-molded foam article can have a hardness of 20 to 70, or 20 to 40, or 30 to 35, or 25 to 65, or 30 to 50, or 40 to 70, or 35 to 55, or 50 to 65Asker C. The foamed article can have a hardness of less than 40Asker C, or less than 30Asker C, or less than 20Asker C. For example, the foam article can have a hardness of 15 to 50, or 20 to 40, or 20 to 30Asker C. Hardness can be measured on a flat area of foam (e.g., at least 6mm thick) using an Asker C durometer.

In particular examples, when the compression-molded foam article has an elasticity and/or energy return of greater than 45%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 55%, or greater than 60%, or greater than 65%, the elasticity and/or energy return of the compression-molded foam article may be at least 6 percentage points, or at least 7 percentage points, or at least 8 percentage points, or at least 9 percentage points, or at least 10 percentage points, or at least 12 percentage points higher than the elasticity and/or energy return of the foam article used to make the compression-molded foam article, and the compression-molded foam article may have a hardness of at least 20Asker C, or at least 30Asker C, or at least 40Asker C, or at least 50Asker C. Further, the compression-molded foam article may have 0.02g/cm³To 0.15g/cm³Or 0.03g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³Or 0.04g/cm³To 0.10g/cm³Or 0.11g/cm³To 0.12g/cm³，0.15g/cm³To 0.2g/cm³(ii) a Or 0.15g/cm³To 0.30g/cm³Specific gravity of (a).

The tear strength of the compression molded foam or article may be in the range of 4kg/cm to 10 kg/cm. The tensile strength of the foam or article is another important physical property. Compression molded foam articlesHas 5kg/cm²To 25kg/cm²Or 10kg/cm²To 23kg/cm²Or 15kg/cm²To 22kg/cm²The tensile strength of (2).

Another physical property to consider when determining whether a foam article is suitable for use as a component of an article of footwear or athletic equipment is its 300% elongation. The compression-formed foam article may have an elongation of at least 125%, or at least 150%.

Various examples include methods of manufacturing an article of footwear or a component for an article of footwear. In some examples, a method of making an article of footwear includes foaming a composition described herein to yield a foamed article; the foam article is compression molded to produce a compression molded component for an article of footwear. The component may be a midsole, and the method may include: providing an upper and an outsole for an article of footwear; and combining the compression-molded midsole, upper, and outsole to make an article of footwear. In some examples, a method of manufacturing an article of footwear includes combining a compression-molded foam article, an upper, and an outsole to manufacture the article of footwear.

In certain aspects, the present disclosure relates to compression-molded foams and to methods of forming compression-molded foams for articles of footwear or athletic equipment, among other applications. In some examples, the method may be a process comprising: a method of providing (e.g., preparing) a foam preform, and then compression molding the foam preform to form a compression molded foam.

The inventors have recognized, among other things, that the various examples of compression molded foams described herein have improved physical properties, such as, for example, improved resiliency and/or energy return.

In some examples, one step of the method comprises providing (e.g., preparing or obtaining) a prefoamed composition as disclosed herein. For example, the prefoamed composition may be prepared using any method known in the art, including using suitable kneaders, suitable single screw extruders or suitable twin screw extruders. An extruder (e.g., single screw or twin screw) may be used to provide the pre-foamed composition. The extruder may have a motor to rotate the screw inside the extruder. The screws may be single or twin screws made of a single element of various sizes and pitches appropriate for the specific materials used for mixing or kneading. In some examples, the extruder has twin screws.

The various components (e.g., polymer comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units, C) that will comprise the prefoamed compositions of the various examples described herein₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin, and optionally one or more additional components selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, an olefin block copolymer; a foaming agent; cross-linking agents, and any combination thereof) is added to the extruder through a port. In some examples, the pre-foamed compositions of the various examples described herein can be at least partially crosslinked, e.g., in a section of an extruder, at a first crosslinking temperature to form a crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked pre-foamed composition), which in some examples can be a thermoplastic crosslinked pre-foamed composition. Various other components (e.g., pigments, fillers, and blowing agents) may be added to the extruder through the port and mixed or kneaded with the pre-foamed composition and/or the crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked pre-foamed composition).

The various components making up the pre-foamed compositions of the various examples described herein can be added as a melt or as solid particles (e.g., chips or pellets) made to an appropriate size that are melted in the sections as they are mixed or kneaded with, for example, a crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked pre-foamed composition).

The contents of the extruder or mixer may be heated to effect, among other things, crosslinking of the pre-foamed composition to obtain a crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked pre-foamed composition). In other examples, the heating may trigger foaming (i.e., blowing) (e.g., triggered by a chemical blowing agent) to convert a crosslinked prefoamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked prefoamed composition) into a foam composition having sufficient thermoplasticity to be extruded or injected from the extruder 10 into a mold. Alternatively, the crosslinked prefoamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked prefoamed composition) can be foamed in an extruder using a physical blowing agent. Also, in some examples, a chemical blowing agent may also be present, such that when heat is present, the heat may trigger the chemical blowing agent.

In some examples, the pre-foamed composition may be added as a melt at a temperature near or at a crosslinking temperature at which crosslinking may occur, but at a temperature sufficiently below the temperature at which foaming will be triggered. The temperature of the extruder may then be raised to a temperature near or at the trigger temperature of the chemical blowing agent to provide the foam composition.

The extent to which the pre-foamed composition is crosslinked to give a crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked pre-foamed composition) can be controlled such that the crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked pre-foamed composition) remains thermoplastic and can be mixed with various other components (e.g., pigments, fillers, and blowing agents) if desired. This can be achieved in a variety of ways, for example, by controlling the amount of time for crosslinking; by controlling the crosslinking temperature; stopping or slowing further crosslinking by lowering the temperature at the desired crosslinking point; or by a combination of these. For example, the amount of time for crosslinking can be controlled by controlling the screw speed, by positioning port 8 closer to or further from port 6, or by a combination of these.

In some examples, as the crosslink density increases, a crosslinked prefoamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked prefoamed composition) can form phase separated domains, wherein, for example, styrenic segments of a crosslinked polymer comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units phase separate into domains that are predominantly rich in styrenic.

A crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g., an at least partially crosslinked pre-foamed composition) or a foamed composition, each of which is sufficiently thermoplastic to be extruded or injected into a mold from an extruder, which is extruded at an end of the extruder opposite the motor. In some examples, a vacuum port may be used to remove volatiles such as water, volatile organic liquids that may have been introduced with certain materials as solvents, crosslinking reaction byproducts, or blowing agent byproducts. The extrudate may be shaped via extrusion through a die (not shown). For example, the extrudate (e.g., a crosslinked prefoamed or foamed composition) may be extruded in the form of a strand (which is subsequently pelletized), in the form of a tube, or in the form of a sheet. Granulation may be performed using a cooled die. Additionally or alternatively, pelletizing may be carried out under water, whereby the resulting pellets are cooled as they exit the pelletizing die.

In some examples, the foam preforms of the various examples described herein were obtained by: the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked composition, or both the pre-foamed composition and the crosslinked composition are foamed in at least one dimension (e.g., the vertical dimension) from about 150% to about 240% (e.g., from about 150% to about 220%, from about 150% to about 200%, from about 175% to about 225%, from about 180% to about 230%, from about 160% to about 240%) using a foaming agent.

In some examples, the foam preforms of the various examples described herein are manufactured using processes involving: the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof is impregnated with the physical blowing agent at a first concentration or a first pressure (e.g., at or above the softening temperature of the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof).

As used herein, the term "impregnating" generally refers to dissolving or suspending a physical blowing agent in a pre-foamed composition, a crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof. The impregnated pre-foamed composition, crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof may then be foamed, or may be cooled (when applicable) and re-softened (when applicable) for later foaming.

In some cases, the impregnated pre-expanded composition, the crosslinked pre-expanded composition, or a combination thereof is expanded by reducing the concentration or pressure of the physical blowing agent. The reduction in the concentration of the physical blowing agent can release additional amounts of the impregnated physical blowing agent from the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof (e.g., to cause a secondary expansion of the initially formed cells in the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof) to further foam the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof to form a foam composition (e.g., a foam composition having a closed cell structure).

In addition to injection molding, the prefoamed compositions of the present disclosure can be foamed and optionally molded using various processes known in the art. For example, the pre-expanded composition may be used to form slab foams, particle (e.g., bead) foams having various shapes and sizes, and the like. These various forms of foam can then be used in different ways. For example, slabstock foam may be used directly as a finished foam article, may be shaped (e.g., cut or trimmed) to form a finished foam article, or may be compression molded to form a finished foam article. The foam may be subjected to an annealing process as part of forming the finished foam article. The pellets of the pre-expanded composition may be used to form individual, particulate foams, or may be expanded and molded to form integrally molded foam articles comprised of portions of individual foams secured to one another.

The foam compositions (e.g., foam preforms) of the various examples described herein can be further shaped or molded by any known method for forming articles from thermoplastic materials.

Another step of the method for forming a compression molded foam comprises: the method includes the steps of providing a foam preform that has been foamed using any suitable foaming process (e.g., foaming using a physical and/or chemical blowing agent), and then compression molding the foam preform to form a compression-molded foam.

In some examples, the foam preform is prepared by a process comprising: (i) softening the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof (e.g., by heating at a first temperature at or above the softening temperature of the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof); (ii) simultaneously or sequentially (as applicable) with softening, contacting the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof with a physical blowing agent sufficient to drive an amount of the physical blowing agent to a first concentration or a first pressure in the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof; (iii) changing the concentration or pressure of the physical blowing agent (e.g., reducing the pressure or concentration) to a second concentration or second pressure effective to foam the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof, thereby forming a foam composition (e.g., a foam composition having a closed cell structure); and (iv) after the change, cooling (when applicable) the foam composition (e.g., to a temperature below the softening temperature of the foam composition) to form a foam preform having an initial height. In some examples, the method is performed using a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a crosslinked pre-foamed composition.

In other examples, the foam preform is prepared by: (i) contacting (e.g., dissolving or suspending) a pre-foamed composition, a crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof with a first concentration of a chemical blowing agent, in certain examples, at or above the softening temperature of the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof; (ii) triggering the chemical blowing agent to foam the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof, thereby forming a foam composition (e.g., a foam composition having a closed cell structure); and (iii) in some examples, after triggering, cooling the foam composition to a temperature below its softening temperature to form a foam preform having an initial height. In some examples, the process is performed using a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a crosslinked pre-foamed composition. In some examples, "triggering" of the chemical blowing agent is performed by any suitable method, including heating a pre-foamed composition, a crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof, that includes a concentration of the chemical blowing agent to a temperature sufficient to "trigger" the chemical blowing agent, wherein the concentration of the chemical blowing agent is effective to foam the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or the combination thereof, thereby forming a foam composition (e.g., a foam composition having a closed cell structure).

In some examples, the contacting comprises contacting at a pressure of about 10MPa to about 100MPa (e.g., about 30MPa to about 100MPa, about 20MPa to about 80MPa, about 30MPa to about 60MPa, or about 40MPa to about 70 MPa).

In some examples, the foaming composition (e.g., in the form of a foam preform) can be compression molded whether the foam preform is prepared using a physical blowing agent or a chemical blowing agent. For example, the foaming composition may be compression molded by: the foam preform is placed in a compression mold having a height less than the initial height of the foam preform, and the mold is closed, thereby compressing the foam preform to the height of the mold. Simultaneously or sequentially with the compression, the foam preform may be heated in a closed compression mold. During compression molding, the temperature of at least a portion of the foam preform in the closed mold may be raised to a temperature within ± 30 ℃ of the softening temperature of the foam composition. The temperature may be raised by heating the closed mold. After increasing the temperature, the temperature of at least a portion of the foam preform may be reduced while the foam preform remains closed in the compression mold. The temperature can be reduced by cooling the closed mold. The reducing can reduce the temperature of at least a portion of the foam preform to a temperature at least 35 ℃ below the softening temperature of the foaming composition, thereby forming a compression-molded foam. After cooling, the compression mold may be opened and the compression molded foam may be removed from the compression mold.

Some examples contemplated herein relate to compression-molded components of articles of footwear or athletic equipment manufactured according to the compositions and processes described herein.

Other examples contemplated herein relate to methods of manufacturing an article of footwear or athletic equipment. For example, the method may comprise: a compression-molded foam component of an article of footwear according to the present disclosure is provided, and the component is combined with a footwear upper and an outsole to form the article of footwear. Similarly, the method may comprise: the method includes providing a compression-molded foam component of an article of athletic equipment according to the present disclosure, and combining the compression-molded foam component with other components to form a finished article of athletic equipment.

One method of making the compression-formed foams (and compression-formed foam articles) described herein comprises: forming a foam preform, and compression molding the foam preform to produce a compression molded foam. In some examples, the foam preforms of the various examples described herein were obtained by: the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked composition, or both the pre-foamed and crosslinked compositions are foamed in at least one dimension (e.g., the vertical dimension) from about 150% to about 240% (e.g., from about 150% to about 220%; from about 150% to about 200%; from about 175% to about 225%, from about 180% to about 230%, or from about 160% to about 240%) using a foaming agent. In some examples, the expanded pre-expanded composition, the crosslinked composition, or both the pre-expanded composition and the crosslinked composition may be compression molded in at least one dimension to about 120% to about 200% (e.g., from about 120% to about 180%; about 130% to about 190%; about 150% to about 200%; or about 160% to about 190%).

Thus, for example, if the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked composition, or both the pre-foamed composition and the crosslinked composition are about 200% foamed, the foamed pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked composition, or both the pre-foamed composition and the crosslinked composition may be compressed net 20% by compression molding to about 180%. In another example, if the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked composition, or both the pre-foamed composition and the crosslinked composition are foamed into a 20mm (height) by 10cm (width) by 5cm (depth) panel, and the panel is compressed by 20% in the height direction, the compression-molded panel will have dimensions of 18mm (height) by 10cm (width) by 5cm (depth). In some examples, compression molding is substantially maintained.

In some examples, the foam preform is manufactured using a process involving: the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof (e.g., at or above the softening temperature of the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof) is impregnated with the physical blowing agent at a first concentration or a first pressure. The impregnated pre-foamed composition, crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof may then be foamed, or may be cooled (when applicable) and re-softened (when applicable) for later foaming. In some cases, the impregnated pre-expanded composition, the crosslinked pre-expanded composition, or a combination thereof is expanded by reducing the concentration or pressure of the physical blowing agent. The reduction in the concentration of the physical blowing agent can release an additional amount of the impregnated physical blowing agent from the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof to further foam the pre-foamed composition, the crosslinked pre-foamed composition, or a combination thereof to form a foam composition (e.g., a foam composition having a closed cell structure).

In some examples, the compression molding process is performed by heating the foam preform in a closed compression mold. The foam preform is heated to a temperature near its softening temperature to allow the foam to retain the shape of the compression mold. For example, the foam preform may be heated to a temperature within ± 30 ℃ of its softening temperature, or within ± 20 ℃ of its softening temperature, or within ± 10 ℃ of its softening temperature, or within ± 5 ℃ of its softening temperature. For example, the foam preform may be heated to a temperature of from about 100 ℃ to about 250 ℃, or from about 140 ℃ to about 220 ℃, or from about 100 ℃ to about 150 ℃, or from about 130 ℃ to about 150 ℃.

The material used to form the compression mold may be any material capable of withstanding the temperatures used during the process, such as machined metals, including aluminum. The compression mold may be manufactured using two members, e.g., a top mold and a bottom mold. Depending on the shape of the foam assembly to be molded, a multi-piece mold may be used to more easily release the compression-formed foam from the mold.

Compression molding of the foam preform in the compression mold may result in the formation of a closed skin over the final compression molded foam assembly. However, during compression molding, care should be taken not to subject the foam preform to conditions that collapse more than the desired amount of the closed cell structure of the foam. One way to avoid collapsing more than a desired amount of closed cell structures is to control the temperature of the polymer composition, for example, by controlling the temperature of the mold. For example, heating of the foam preform in the compression mold may be performed for a time period of 100 seconds to 1,000 seconds, or 150 seconds to 700 seconds, during the compression molding step.

Once the foam preform has been heated in the compression mold at an appropriate temperature for a desired length of time to soften the preform to a desired level, the softened preform is cooled to a temperature, for example, at least 35 ℃ below its softening temperature, or at least 50 ℃ below its softening temperature, or at least 80 ℃ below its softening temperature, to resolidify the softened foam to form a compression-molded foam. Once cooled, the compression molded foam assembly is removed from the compression mold. After heating, cooling of the foam preform in the compression mold may be performed for a time of 50 seconds to 1,000 seconds, or for a time of 100 seconds to 400 seconds.

Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide

In various aspects, compositions are provided that can be foamed, i.e., compositions that can be used to form foam compositions. In certain aspects, these compositions are referred to as "prefoamed compositions". In certain aspects, the compositions can be used to produce foam compositions that are soft and have a high energy return that makes them useful for footwear. The composition can be used to generate foam using any of a variety of methods known in the art. In certain aspects, the foam is produced using injection molding, or injection molding followed by compression molding techniques. The foaming composition may comprise a component of an article of footwear as described above.

When used to form a foam, the compositions described herein, in certain aspects, produce foams having surprisingly high energy return/resiliency values. When used to form foams, these compositions also produce foams having high cross-sectional tear values in certain aspects. In certain aspects, the compositions can be used to produce foams having other beneficial properties, including additional properties beneficial for use in footwear, including as a cushioning component. The compositions of the present disclosure may be foamed and/or molded using a variety of methods. In one example, the polymer composition can be foamed as part of an injection molding process. Optionally, the injection molded foam may be subsequently compression molded. Compression molding of injection molded foam can alter the properties of the polymer foam, for example, reduce the compression set of the foam, which can be beneficial for foams used in footwear related applications. Foams formed from the polymer compositions of the present disclosure may be used in footwear-related applications without being compression molded.

In certain aspects, there is provided a composition comprising: an a-B-a block copolymer, wherein each a block has styrenic repeat units, the B block is a random copolymer of ethylene and a first α -olefin, the first α -olefin having 3 to 8 carbon atoms (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 carbon atoms), and wherein the a-B-a block copolymer comprises about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 15% to 40%, or about 15% to 30% by weight of the a block based on the total weight of the a-B-a block copolymer; an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin, the second alpha-olefin having from about 4 to 14, from about 6 to 12, or from about 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more ethylene-rich blocks and one or more second alpha-olefin-rich blocks; and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

In certain aspects, there is provided a composition comprising: an A-B-A block copolymer, wherein each A block comprises repeating units according to the formula:

each occurrence of R in the repeating unit¹Independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, or a halogen atom having 1 to 18, 1 to 15, 1 to 12,A substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 3 to 18, 3 to 15, or 3 to 12 carbon atoms; each occurrence of R in the repeating unit²Independently is absent or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 15, 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 3 to 12, or 3 to 15 carbon atoms; wherein the B block is a random copolymer of ethylene and a first α -olefin, the first α -olefin having about 3 to 12, 3 to 10, or 3 to 8 carbon atoms; and wherein the a-B-a block copolymer comprises about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 15% to 40%, or about 15% to 30% by weight of the a block, based on the total weight of the a-B-a block copolymer; an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin, the second alpha-olefin having from about 4 to 14, from about 6 to 12, or from about 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more ethylene-rich blocks and one or more second alpha-olefin-rich blocks; and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. The ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer may have a vinyl acetate content of about 5% to 55%, about 5% to 50%, about 10% to 45%, or about 15% to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

In certain aspects, there is provided a composition comprising: an A-B-A block copolymer, wherein each A block comprises repeat units according to the formula:

each occurrence of R in the repeating unit¹Independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 18, 1 to 15, 1 to 12, 3 to 18, 3 to 15, 3 to 12, 1 to 8, 3 to 8, 1 to 5, or 3 to 5 carbon atoms; each occurrence of R in the repeating unit²Independently is absent or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 15, 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 3 to 12, 3 to 15, 1 to 8, 1 to 5, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms;wherein the B block is a random copolymer of ethylene and a first α -olefin, the first α -olefin having about 3 to 12, 3 to 10, or 3 to 8 carbon atoms; and wherein the a-B-a block copolymer comprises about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 15% to 40%, or about 15% to 30% by weight of the a block, based on the total weight of the a-B-a block copolymer; an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin, the second alpha-olefin having from about 4 to 14, from about 6 to 12, or from about 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more ethylene-rich blocks and one or more second alpha-olefin-rich blocks; and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. The ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer may have a vinyl acetate content of about 5% to 55%, about 5% to 50%, about 10% to 45%, or about 15% to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

In certain aspects, the compositions comprise one or more different alpha-olefin linked polymers. The alpha-olefin linked polymer can be a copolymer of ethylene and a third alpha-olefin having from about 2 to 24, from about 3 to 18, or from about 6 to 18 carbon atoms; and wherein the alpha-olefin linked polymer has an alpha-olefin monomer content of about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 15% to 40%, or about 15% to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the alpha-olefin linked polymer. In certain aspects, the alpha-olefin linked polymer has an alpha-olefin monomer content of about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 45%, about 15% to 40%, or about 20% to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the alpha-olefin linked polymer. When an alpha-olefin linking polymer is included in the composition, the ratio II of the total parts by weight of a-B-a block copolymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the linking polymer present in the composition can be about 1.00 to 5.00, about 1.00 to 4.00, about 1.50 to 3.50, about 1.00 to 3.00, or about 2.00 to 4.00.

In certain aspects, more than one alpha-olefin linking polymer may be present in the composition. For example, in certain aspects, the composition comprises a first alpha olefin linked polymer and a second alpha olefin linked polymer, wherein the first alpha olefin linked polymer and the second alpha olefin linked polymer are copolymers of ethylene and 1-butene, each having a different ratio of ethylene to 1-butene monomer content in the copolymer.

In certain aspects, the composition comprises about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer, about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of the olefinic block copolymer, and about 25 to about 35 parts by weight of the alpha-olefin linking polymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

In certain aspects, each a block comprises a substantial amount of polystyrene. For example, each a block can comprise at least 80%, 90%, or more styrenic repeat units based on the number of repeat units in the a block. In certain aspects, each a block consists essentially of polystyrene.

In certain aspects, each B block comprises a random copolymer of ethylene and a first α -olefin, the first α -olefin having 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 carbon atoms. In certain aspects, the B block is substantially a random copolymer of ethylene and octene, or a random copolymer of ethylene and butadiene.

In certain aspects, the compositions comprise an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of about 10% to about 45% by weight, based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

In aspects, the composition further comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of about 5% to 55%, about 5% to 50%, about 10% to 45%, or about 15% to 40% by weight based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

The A-B-A block copolymer may be at least partially hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated. In certain aspects, the a-B-a block copolymer has a degree of hydrogenation of about 40% to 99%, about 50% to 95%, about 50% to 90%, about 50% to 80%, or about 60% to 80%.

In certain aspects, compositions are provided that include a partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer, an olefinic block copolymer, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer may have a vinyl acetate content of about 5% to 55%, about 5% to 50%, about 10% to 45%, or about 15% to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer may comprise one or more a blocks having aromatic repeat units, one or more B blocks having aliphatic repeat units, and one or more first ethylenically unsaturated groups (first ethylenically unsaturated groups) present on one or both of the aromatic repeat units and the aliphatic repeat units. In certain aspects, the aromatic repeat units are styrenic repeat units. The olefinic block copolymer can be a copolymer of a first alpha-olefin and a second alpha-olefin different from the first alpha-olefin, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer comprises one or more second ethylenically unsaturated groups.

In certain aspects, the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer can have an A-B block structure or an A-B-A block structure, wherein the A block and the B block are as described herein. For example, each a block may independently comprise one or more aromatic repeat units such as styrene. Each B block can be an aliphatic polymer block comprising one or more first ethylenically unsaturated units.

The aromatic repeat units may comprise any of a variety of aromatic units. The aromatic repeat unit may comprise an aliphatic backbone having more than one aromatic side chain.

In certain aspects, there is provided a composition comprising: at least one polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units; and at least one C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin. The styrenic repeat units may comprise polystyrene blocks. The polymer containing styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units may be a block comprising polystyrene and a non-styrenic repeat unitA block copolymer of a polymer block. In some examples, the polymer may comprise a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyesters, poly-C₂-C₈-non-styrenic repeat units of the group of alkylene units, polyether units, polycarbonate units, polyamide units, polyketone units, polysiloxane units and any combination thereof. Styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units (e.g., polyester, poly-C)₂-C₈Alkylene units, polyether units, polycarbonate units, polyamide units, polyketone units, polysiloxane units, and any combination thereof) may be in any order. Mixtures of two or more polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units are also contemplated herein.

As used herein, unless the context dictates otherwise, when two of the same type of component are referred to as "different," this means that one component has a different chemical composition than the other component. For example, the second alpha olefin is different from the first alpha olefin, meaning that the second alpha olefin has a different chemical formula than the first alpha olefin.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units, wherein the polymer comprises block units of a polyester. In some examples, a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units comprises poly-C₂-C₈-an alkylene unit. In some examples, the polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units of the various examples described herein comprise polyethylene units. In some examples, the polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units of the various examples described herein comprise polypropylene units. In other examples, the polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units of the various examples described herein comprise polybutylene units. In still other examples, the polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units of the various examples described herein comprise polybutadiene units. In still other examples, various examples described herein comprise styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat unitsThe polymer of styrenic repeat units comprises polyisoprene units. The non-styrenic repeat units of the polymer may comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, or any combination thereof, and may be present in the polymer in any order.

In some examples, when the polymers comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units described herein comprise polyethylene, the polyethylene content of the polymer comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units is about 50 mol% to about 80 mol% (e.g., about 50 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 55 mol% to about 70 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 80 mol%, or about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%).

In some examples, the polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units is PS_q-X¹ _n-X² _m-X³ _pA block copolymer, wherein: PS represents polystyrene; x¹Is poly-C₂-C₈-an alkylene group; x²Is poly-C₂-C₈-an alkylene group; x³Is a polyether, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyketone or polysiloxane; subscripts q, n, m, and p represent mole fractions; 1>q>0, n is 0 to 1, m is 0 to 1, and p is 0 to 1, with the proviso that q + n + m + p is 1; and PS, X¹、X²And X³The order of the blocks may be random or in the order shown. In some examples, X¹Is polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polybutadiene, or polyisoprene. In other examples, X²Is polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polybutadiene, or polyisoprene.

Some examples of polymers comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units contemplated herein include styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers; styrene-polybutylene-styrene block copolymers; styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers; styrene-ethylene-polybutylene-styrene block copolymers; styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers; and combinations thereof.

In general, block copolymers, such as the a-B-a block copolymers described herein or polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units, can be at least partially unsaturated (e.g., comprise ethylenic unsaturation). Thus, for example, at least one repeating unit may comprise ethylenic unsaturation. As used herein, the term "partially unsaturated" (e.g., comprising ethylenic unsaturation) generally means that the polymer can have from about 20 mol% to about 60 mol% unsaturation (e.g., from about 20 mol% to about 50 mol%, from about 20 mol% to about 30 mol%, from about 25 mol% to about 45 mol%, from about 30 mol% to about 50 mol%, from about 20 mol% to about 40 mol%, or from about 25 mol% to about 40 mol% unsaturation, e.g., ethylenic unsaturation). It will be understood, however, that due to the fact that the polymer comprising styrenic repeat units comprises benzene rings, the polymer will be "partially unsaturated".

Generally, the partial unsaturation is such as to be between (intermolecular and intramolecular) polymers comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units; at C₄-C₁₀₀Between unsaturated olefins (both intermolecular and intramolecular); and in a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units with C₄-C₁₀₀Covalent cross-linking between unsaturated olefins is possible.

In general, block copolymers, such as the A-B-A block copolymers described herein or polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units, have from about 25,000g/mol to about 1.5x10⁶Weight average molecular weight (M) of g/mol_W) (e.g., about 250,000g/mol to about 1.5x10⁶g/mol, from about 25,000g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol; about 50,000g/mol to about 200,000g/mol, about 75,000g/mol to about 150,000 g/mol; about 100,000g/mol to about 300,000 g/mol; about 250,000g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol; about 300,000g/mol to about 800,000 g/mol; about 250,000g/mol to about 650,000 g/mol; about 500,000g/mol to about 1.5x10⁶g/mol; about 750,000g/mol to about 1.5x10⁶g/mol; or from about 650,000g/mol to about 1.3x10⁶g/mol)。

Some examples of Polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units include those available from Kraton Performance Polymers incD styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymers; comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat unitsD styrene-isoprene-styrene/styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene polymer (SIS)/(SIBS); comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat unitsG styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene/styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEBS/SEPS) polymer; and comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat unitsFG maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) polymer. Some examples of polymers comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units also include those available from Kuraray coHydrogenated polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units (e.g.,4055；8006；4077; and4099). Other examples of polymers comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units include hydrogenated SEBS block copolymers (e.g., various grades) available from Asahi Kasei Chemicals CorporationHydrogenated SEBS block copolymers comprisingP1083). While not being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the level of hydrogenation of a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units, which in some examples affects (e.g., reduces) the level of ethylenic unsaturation of a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units, can affect the crystallinity and/or rigidity of a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units. Thus, for example, partially hydrogenated polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units (e.g., those polymers that are from about 50% to about 80% hydrogenated) can be less crystalline and more rigid than their non-hydrogenated counterparts (e.g., those polymers that are less than about 50% hydrogenated).

In one aspect, the pre-foamed compositions of the various examples described herein can comprise any suitable amount of a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units. In some examples, the pre-foamed composition comprises about 5 wt.% to about 50 wt.% (e.g., about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%; about 15 wt.% to about 40 wt.%; about 10 wt.% to about 45 wt.%; about 25 wt.% to about 50 wt.%; or about 20 wt.% to about 45 wt.%) of a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units comprises a content of styrenic repeat units of about 5 mol% to about 50 mol% (e.g., about 5 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 15 mol% to about 40 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 45 mol%, about 25 mol% to about 50 mol%, or about 20 mol% to about 45 mol%). Additionally or alternatively, a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units comprises a content of non-styrenic repeat units of about 50 mol% to about 95 mol% (e.g., about 50 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 90 mol%, about 70 mol% to about 95 mol%, or about 75 mol% to about 95 mol%). In some cases, the sum of the content of styrenic repeat units and the content of non-styrenic repeat units is 100 mol%.

In particular examples, the prefoamed compositions described herein comprise from about 5 parts per hundred resin (phr) to about 45phr of a polymer component comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units (i.e., a styrenic copolymer component). The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 10phr to about 40phr of the styrenic copolymer component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 12phr to about 35phr of the styrenic copolymer component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 15phr to about 35phr of the styrenic copolymer component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 10phr to about 30phr of the styrenic copolymer component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 10phr to about 25phr of the styrenic copolymer component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 10phr to about 22phr of the styrenic copolymer component.

As used herein, styrenic copolymer component is understood to refer to all polymers present in the prefoamed composition having styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units alone. Thus, the concentration of styrenic copolymer component in the pre-foamed composition refers to the total concentration of each polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units present in the composition. In some pre-foamed compositions, the styrenic copolymer component may be formed from only a single polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units. In other prefoamed compositions, the styrenic copolymer component may be formed from more than one polymer, each polymer having both styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units.

The prefoamed compositions described herein further comprise at least one C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin. C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin may be C₈-C₅₀-an unsaturated olefin. C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin may be C₁₂-C₃₀-an unsaturated olefin. C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin may be C₁₆-C₁₀₀-an unsaturated olefin. C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin may be C₅₀-C₁₀₀-an unsaturated olefin. As used herein, C_x-C_yThe nomenclature should be understood to designate the carbon length of the unsaturated olefin, not the position of the unsaturation. Two or more C are also contemplated herein₄-C₁₀₀Mixtures of unsaturated olefins. In some examples, C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin may be a prepolymer (e.g., a monomer); a linear oligomer; a polymer.

As used herein, the term "unsaturated olefin" is understood to include any of the following C₄-C₁₀₀Olefin, C₄-C₁₀₀The olefin comprises at least one terminal C-C double bond and a total of about 4 to about 100 (e.g., 8 to 50; 12 to 30; 4 to 20; 10 to 50; 30 to 90; 20 to 100; 50 to 75; or 20 to 80) total carbon atoms. Additional carbon-carbon double bonds may be present in the unsaturated olefin. C₄-C₁₀₀Examples of the unsaturated olefin include propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene and 1-octadecene. In other examples, C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin may be an alkyl or cycloalkyl substituted unsaturated olefin. As used herein, the term "unsaturated olefin" should also be understood to include any C containing more than one polymerized unit₄-C₁₀₀Olefins, wherein at least a portion of the polymerized units comprise at least one terminal C-C double bond and a total of about 4 to about 100 (e.g., 8 to 50; 12 to 30; 4 to 20; 10 to 50; 30 to 90; 20 to 100; 50 to 75; or 20 to 80) total carbon atoms. In other words,the unsaturated olefin can be an unsaturated olefin polymer or copolymer, including an unsaturated olefin block copolymer. Additional carbon-carbon double bonds may be present in the unsaturated olefin polymer or copolymer. Examples of unsaturated olefin copolymers include those available from Mitsui Chemicals America, Inc. of Rye Brook, N.Y.The unsaturated olefin copolymer (for example,DF110 andDF605 ethylene/unsaturated olefin copolymer); andandolefin block copolymers, both available from The Dow Chemical Company of Midland, michigan (e.g.,9107 an olefin block copolymer).

In some examples, the pre-foamed compositions of the various examples described herein may comprise: one or more polymers comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units, one or more C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin, and one or more olefin block copolymers.

In some examples, C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin may contain one or more heteroatoms (e.g., -O-, NR)¹-、-S(O)_q- (where q is an integer from 0 to 2) and combinations thereof). C interrupted by such hetero atoms₄-C₁₀₀Examples of unsaturated olefins include allyl ethers and allyl-terminated polyethylene glycols.

In specific examples, as used hereinThe prefoamed composition comprises about 30phr to about 90phr of C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin component (i.e., an unsaturated olefin component). The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 35phr to about 85phr of the unsaturated olefin component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 40phr to about 80phr of the unsaturated olefin component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 45phr to about 75phr of the unsaturated olefin component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 40phr to about 85phr of the unsaturated olefin component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 45phr to about 85phr of the unsaturated olefin component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 43phr to about 82phr of the unsaturated olefin component.

As used herein, unsaturated olefin component is understood to mean all C's present in the prefoamed composition₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin. Thus, the concentration of the unsaturated olefin component in the prefoamed composition refers to the concentration of each C present in the composition₄-C₁₀₀Total concentration of unsaturated olefins, including all C₄-C₁₀₀Unsaturated olefin monomer, C₄-C₁₀₀Unsaturated olefin oligomer, C₄-C₁₀₀Unsaturated olefin Polymer and C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin copolymer. In some prefoamed compositions, the unsaturated olefin component may consist of only a single C₄-C₁₀₀Formation of unsaturated olefins, such as, for example, C alone₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin copolymer. In other prefoamed compositions, the unsaturated olefin component may consist of more than one C₄-C₁₀₀Formation of unsaturated olefins, such as, for example, more than one C₄-C₁₀₀An unsaturated olefin copolymer.

In addition to a polymer comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units and C₄-C₁₀₀In addition to the unsaturated olefin, the various example compositions described herein may also include at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Also, in some cases, the at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer comprises two different ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

In some examples, at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymerIs a random copolymer. In other examples, the at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer comprises ethylene content. In still other examples, at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is at least partially unsaturated (e.g., contains ethylenic unsaturation). In some examples, the pre-foamed composition comprises about 20 wt.% to about 60 wt.% (e.g., about 25 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, about 30 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, about 40 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, about 30 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, or about 45 wt.% to about 60 wt.%) of the at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Suitable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers include those available from e.i. dupont DE Nemours co. of Wilmington, tera40L-03 ethylene-vinyl acetate resin. Other suitable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers include those available from USI Corporation of Taiwan, ChinaUE659 andUE3300 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

In some examples, the pre-foamed composition comprises about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of the first ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and about 5 wt.% to about 50 wt.% of the second ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, wherein the wt.% amounts are relative to the weight of the pre-foamed composition.

In one example, when the at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer comprises at least two different ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, then the at least two different ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers may differ in at least vinyl acetate content. Thus, for example, the first ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer can comprise about 15 mol% to about 40 mol% (e.g., about 15 mol% to about 30 mol%, about 25 mol% to about 35 mol%, or about 20 mol% to about 40 mol%) of vinyl acetate, and the second ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer can comprise about 15 mol% to about 30 mol% (e.g., about 15 mol% to about 25 mol%, about 20 mol% to about 30 mol%, or about 15 mol% to about 30 mol%) of vinyl acetate.

In particular examples, the prefoamed compositions described herein do not comprise ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). In other words, the prefoamed compositions described herein may be free of EVA components.

Alternatively, the prefoamed compositions described herein may comprise from about 5phr to about 50phr of the EVA component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 10phr to about 45phr of the EVA component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 20phr to about 45phr of the EVA component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 25phr to about 40phr of the EVA component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 25phr to about 35phr of the EVA component. The pre-foamed composition may comprise from about 30phr to about 37phr of the EVA component. As used herein, the EVA component is understood to refer to all of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer present in the pre-foamed composition. Thus, the concentration of the EVA component in the prefoamed composition refers to the total concentration of each ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer present in the composition. In some pre-foamed compositions, the EVA component may be formed from only a single ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. In other prefoamed compositions, the EVA component may be formed from more than one different ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

It has been found that a specific ratio of the components of the pre-foamed composition produces a foam with beneficial properties. As used herein and unless the context indicates or dictates otherwise, the ratio of the first component to the second component is understood to be the parts per hundred parts resin of the first component (phr) divided by the phr of the second component present in the composition. In certain aspects, a sum of ratios is given, which is understood to mean a sum of the specific ratios described.

The composition can be a composition having a ratio of styrenic copolymer component to unsaturated olefin component of about 0.1 to about 1.0. The ratio of styrenic copolymer component to unsaturated olefin component may be from about 0.05 to about 0.40. The ratio of styrenic copolymer component to unsaturated olefin component may be from about 0.1 to about 0.3. The ratio of styrenic copolymer component to unsaturated olefin component may be from about 0.15 to about 0.32.

The composition may be a composition having a ratio of the styrenic copolymer component to the EVA component of about 0.2 to about 2.0. The ratio of the styrenic copolymer component to the EVA component may be from about 0.3 to about 1.0. The ratio of the styrenic copolymer component to the EVA component may be from about 0.3 to about 0.8. The ratio of the styrenic copolymer component to the EVA component may be from about 0.35 to about 0.72.

The composition may be a composition having a ratio of unsaturated olefin component to EVA component of about 2.0 to about 4.0. The ratio of the unsaturated olefin component to the EVA component may be from about 1.5 to about 3.0. The ratio of the unsaturated olefin component to the EVA component may be from about 1.5 to about 2.5. The ratio of the unsaturated olefin component to the EVA component may be from about 2.0 to about 2.5.

When the composition comprises an EVA component, the composition may have a sum of a ratio of the styrenic copolymer component to the unsaturated olefin component, a ratio of the styrenic copolymer component to the EVA component, and a ratio of the unsaturated olefin component to the EVA component from about 1.5 to about 4.5. The sum of said ratios of the compositions may be from about 2.0 to about 4.5. The sum of said ratios of the compositions may be from about 2.2 to about 3.8. The sum of said ratios of the compositions may be from about 2.5 to about 3.5.

It has been found that, in certain aspects, the ratio II of the total parts by weight of a-B-a block copolymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of linking polymer present in the composition has a profound effect on the desired softness and energy return of the foamed composition. In certain aspects, a foam composition having improved softness and energy return can be formed from a composition having the following ratio II: the ratio II is about 1.00 to 5.00, about 1.00 to 4.00, about 1.50 to 3.50, about 1.00 to 3.00, or about 2.00 to 4.00.

In certain aspects, the ratio I of the total parts by weight of the olefinic copolymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer or partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer present in the composition is from about 0.65 to about 7.00, from about 0.65 to 2.00, from about 0.8 to 7.00, from about 1.00 to 2.00, from about 2.00 to 3.00, from about 1.00 to 3.00, from about 0.8 to 3.00, or from about 0.65 to 3.00.

In certain aspects, the ratio II of the total parts by weight of the linking polymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer or partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer present in the composition is about 0.40 to 3.50, about 0.40 to 3.25, about 1.00 to 3.50, about 1.00 to 3.25, about 1.00 to 3.00, about 1.2 to 2.8, about 1.25 to 3.25, about 2.00 to 3.00, about 2.00 to 3.50, or about 1.00 to 2.00.

In certain aspects, the ratio III of the total parts by weight of EVA copolymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of a-B-a block copolymer or partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer present in the composition is about 1.00 to 5.00, about 1.00 to 2.00, about 2.00 to 3.00, about 3.00 to 4.00, about 4.00 to 5.00, about 3.00 to 5.00, about 3.50 to 5.00, about 4.00 to 5.00, or about 3.50 to 4.50.

In certain aspects, the ratio IV of the total parts by weight of the linking polymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer or partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer present in the composition is about 1.00 to 10.00, about 1.00 to 5.00, about 3.00 to 10.00, about 3.00 to 5.00, about 3.50 to 5.00, about 3.00 to 4.00, or about 4.00 to 5.00.

In certain aspects, the ratio V of the total parts by weight of the one or more EVA copolymers present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the one or more olefinic copolymers present in the composition is about 1.00 to 10.00, about 2.00 to 5.00, about 1.00 to 5.00, about 1.50 to 5.00, about 2.50 to 4.50, or about 2.00 to 4.50.

In certain aspects, the ratio VI of the total parts by weight of the one or more EVA copolymers present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the one or more linking polymers present in the composition is about 1.00 to 2.00, about 0.50 to 5.00, about 0.50 to 3.00, about 1.00 to 5.00, or about 1.20 to 2.00.

In certain aspects, the sum of ratios I, II, III, IV, and V is about 1.00 to 10.00, about 1.00 to 2.00, about 2.00 to 3.00, about 3.00 to 4.00, about 4.00 to 5.00, about 5.00 to 6.00, about 6.00 to 7.00, about 7.00 to 8.00, about 8.00 to 9.00, about 9.00 to 10.00, about 2.50 to 7.50, about 3.50 to 5.00, about 2.50 to 5.00, or about 2.75 to 4.50.

In certain aspects, the sum of ratios I, II, III, IV, V, and VI is about 1.50 to 16.00, about 5.00 to 16.00, about 10.00 to 16.00, about 14.00 to 15.00, about 10.00 to 15.00, about 5.00 to 10.00, about 1.50 to 5.00, or about 12.00 to 15.00.

The various example compositions described herein may also include a blowing agent, a free radical initiator, or a combination thereof.

The blowing agent can be any suitable type of physical blowing agent known in the art, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (e.g., propane, pentane, isopentane, and cyclopentane), chlorofluorocarbons, noble gases (e.g., helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe)), and/or mixtures thereof. In one example, the blowing agent comprises nitrogen. The blowing agent may be supplied in any flowable physical state, such as a gas, liquid or supercritical fluid. According to one example, the blowing agent source provides a blowing agent (e.g., carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and methanol) that is in a supercritical fluid state when contacted (e.g., injected) with the pre-foamed composition of the various examples described herein, e.g., when the pre-foamed composition is formed in an extruder (e.g., a twin screw extruder).

Alternatively, the blowing agent can be any suitable type of chemical blowing agent known in the art, including carbonates (e.g., ammonium carbonate and alkali metal carbonates), azo compounds, diazo compounds, and combinations thereof. Chemical blowing agents include 2,2 '-azobis (2-cyanobutane), 2' -azobis (methylbutyronitrile), azodicarbonamide, p-oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide), p-toluenesulfonylaminourea, p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide, and combinations thereof. In the case of chemical blowing agents, gaseous products (e.g., nitrogen) and other by-products are formed by chemical reactions, promoted by the process or by the exotherm of the reacting polymer. Additional exotherms may also be released as a result of the foaming reaction taking place to form low molecular weight compounds as foaming gases (blowing gas).

In some examples, the compositions described herein may require a temperature (e.g., from heating) of from about 130 ℃ to about 210 ℃ (e.g., from about 150 ℃ to about 190 ℃, or from 165 ℃ to about 195 ℃ (e.g., to which the extruder and/or die may be heated) to "trigger" the chemical blowing agent to "decompose" to generate the necessary gases to convert the various examples of prefoamed compositions described herein to the various examples of foam compositions described herein.

Examples of blowing agents include those sold under the UNICELL trademark, such as UNICELL-D600 MT, available from Dongjin chemim co.

In some examples, a combination of physical and chemical blowing agents may be used.

The pre-foamed compositions of the various examples described herein can further comprise metal oxides, organic acids, fillers, nucleating agents, and combinations thereof. Examples of metal oxides include zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and combinations thereof. Examples of organic acids include C such as stearic acid₃-C₃₀Alkanoic acids (e.g. C)₁₄-C₃₀Alkanoic acids such as fatty acids), and two or more C₃-C₃₀-a combination of alkanoic acids. Calcium carbonate is an example of a material that can be used as both a filler and a nucleating agent.

The various examples of prefoamed compositions described herein may further comprise one or more crosslinkers. Examples of the crosslinking agent include aliphatic unsaturated amides such as methylenebisacryl-, -methacrylamide, or ethylenebisacrylamide; aliphatic esters of polyols or alkoxylated polyols with ethylenically unsaturated acids, for example di (meth) acrylate or tri (meth) acrylate of butanediol, or di (meth) acrylate or tri (meth) acrylate of ethylene glycol, di (meth) acrylate or tri (meth) acrylate of polyethylene glycol, or di (meth) acrylate or tri (meth) acrylate of trimethylolpropane; di-and triacrylates of trimethylolpropane; acrylic and methacrylic esters of glycerol and acrylic and methacrylic esters of pentaerythritol; allyl compounds, such as allyl (meth) acrylate, alkoxylated allyl (meth) acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, diallyl maleate, polyallyl esters, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, polysiloxanes containing at least two vinyl groups, tetraallyloxyethane, triallylamine and tetraallylethylenediamine. Mixtures of crosslinking agents may also be used.

The various example prefoamed compositions described herein may also comprise one or more free radical initiators, such as organic peroxides, diazo compounds (e.g., those described in U.S. patent No. 6,303,723, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein), or a combination of two or more free radical initiators. Examples of organic peroxides that can be used as free radical initiators include: dicumyl peroxide; n-butyl-4, 4-di (tert-butylperoxy) valerate; 1, 1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) 3,3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane; 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane; di-tert-butyl peroxide; di-tert-amyl peroxide; t-butyl peroxide; t-butyl cumyl peroxide; 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) -3-hexyne; bis (2-tert-butyl-peroxy isopropyl) benzene; dilauroyl peroxide; dibenzoyl peroxide; tert-butyl hydroperoxide; and combinations thereof.

The various examples of prefoamed compositions described herein can be solid or liquid at a temperature of about 25 ℃.

The various examples of pre-foamed compositions described herein may be crosslinked to form crosslinked pre-foamed compositions. The pre-foamed composition may be crosslinked using various methods including a chemical crosslinking method or a crosslinking method using actinic radiation (e.g., thermal radiation, ultraviolet light, electron beam, and gamma radiation). In some examples, such compositions comprise a polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units, the polymer being polymerized with a polymer comprising C₄-C₁₀₀C of blocks of olefins of unsaturated olefins₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin block copolymer is crosslinked. Polymers comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units with C₄-C₁₀₀Unsaturated olefinsCrosslinking between hydrocarbon block copolymers may occur directly between molecules of the polymer comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units and C₄-C₁₀₀The unsaturated olefin block copolymer is, for example, free of "external" cross-linking agents, such as one or more of the cross-linking agents described herein, between the molecules. Polymers comprising styrenic and non-styrenic repeat units with C₄-C₁₀₀Crosslinking between the unsaturated olefin block copolymers may also occur using "external" crosslinkers, such as one or more of the crosslinkers described herein.

One of ordinary skill in the art will also recognize that in the portion or C of the polymer comprising molecules of styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units₄-C₁₀₀Intramolecular cross-linking may occur between the portions of the unsaturated olefin block copolymer. This crosslinking may occur in the presence or absence of an "external" crosslinking agent, such as one or more of the crosslinking agents described herein.

In some examples, the pre-foamed compositions of the various examples described herein can be crosslinked in the presence of a blowing agent (e.g., a chemical blowing agent or a physical blowing agent as described herein) to form a crosslinked pre-foamed composition.

In some examples, the crosslinked prefoamed compositions of the various examples described herein can be solid or liquid, but are typically solid (e.g., thermoplastic solids) at a temperature of about 25 ℃ or higher (e.g., at a temperature of about 25 ℃ to about 220 ℃ and a pressure of about 500kPa to about 100 MPa). In some examples, the foam compositions of the various examples described herein are generally solid (e.g., thermoplastic solids) at a temperature of about 25 ℃ or more (e.g., at a temperature of about 25 ℃ to about 220 ℃ and a pressure of about 500kPa to about 100 MPa).

In some examples, the crosslinked prefoamed compositions of the various examples described herein may further comprise at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or at least one olefin block copolymer, each term as defined herein.

Foam compositions are also contemplated herein, and are interchangeably referred to as "foam preforms". As used herein, the term "foam composition" refers to:

a crosslinked prefoamed composition which is foamed (for example, foamed (physically and/or chemically) using a foaming agent) before, after or essentially simultaneously with crosslinking; or

A combination of a pre-foamed composition and a crosslinked pre-foamed composition (e.g. a combination of a pre-foamed composition and a crosslinked pre-foamed composition, wherein the combination is foamed (e.g. foamed (physically and/or chemically) using a foaming agent) after mixing two such compositions, or after forming the combination after partially crosslinking the pre-foamed composition, such that some of the crosslinked pre-foamed composition is formed in situ).

In some examples, the foam compositions of the various examples described herein can further comprise at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or at least one olefin block copolymer, each term as defined herein.

Some of the foam compositions (e.g., comprising C and C) of the various examples described herein₄-C₁₀₀A foam composition of an unsaturated olefin crosslinked polymer comprising styrenic repeat units and non-styrenic repeat units) can be formed into a solid (e.g., thermoplastic) foam. These thermoplastic foams may be used as "foam preforms" and the foam preforms may be subsequently compression molded. The foam composition of the present disclosure may have about 0.08g/cm³To about 0.15g/cm³(e.g., about 0.10 g/cm)³To about 0.12g/cm³) The density of (c). In some examples, such foam preforms have an energy return of about 60% to about 85% (e.g., about 65% to about 80%, about 65% to about 75%, about 70% to about 80%, or about 75% to about 80%).

Some foam compositions (e.g., foam preforms) of the various examples described herein can be compression molded to form compression molded foams. Such compression molded foams may have about 0.15g/cm³To about 0.30g/cm³(e.g., about 0.15 g/cm)³To about 0.2g/cm³) The density of (c).

Definition of

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specification are cited to disclose and describe methods and/or materials in connection with which the cited publications are cited. All such publications, patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. This incorporation by reference is expressly limited to the methods and/or materials described in the cited publications, patents, and patent applications and does not extend to any dictionary definitions from the cited publications, patents, and patent applications. Any dictionary definitions in the cited publications, patents and patent applications that are not explicitly repeated in this specification are not to be so treated and should not be read as defining any terms appearing in the appended claims.

Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure, the preferred methods and materials are now described. For brevity and/or clarity, well-known functions or constructions in the art may not be described in detail. Unless otherwise indicated, aspects of the present disclosure will employ techniques of nanotechnology, organic chemistry, materials science and engineering, and the like, which are within the skill of the art. These techniques are fully described in the literature.

It should be noted that ratios, concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be expressed herein in a range format. Where stated ranges include one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the disclosure, for example, the phrase "x to y" includes ranges from 'x' to 'y' as well as ranges greater than 'x' and less than 'y'. This range may also be expressed as an upper limit, e.g., "about x, y, z, or less," and should be interpreted to include specific ranges of "about x," about y, "and" about z, "as well as ranges of" less than x, "" less than y, "and" less than z. Likewise, the phrase "about x, y, z or greater" should be interpreted to include the particular ranges of "about x", "about y", and "about z" as well as the ranges of "greater than x", "greater than y", and "greater than z". Additionally, the phrase "about 'x' to 'y'", where 'x' and 'y' are numerical values, includes "about 'x' to about 'y'". It is to be understood that such a range format is used for convenience and brevity, and thus, should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. For purposes of illustration, for example, a numerical range of "about 0.1% to 5%" should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of about 0.1% to about 5%, but also include individual values (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and sub-ranges (e.g., 0.5%, 1.1%, 2.4%, 3.2%, and 4.4%) within the indicated range.

As used herein, the term "about" can include conventional rounding according to the numerical significance of the number. In certain aspects, the term "about" is used herein to mean a deviation of 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.01%, or less from the specified value.

As used herein, the articles "a" and "an" when applied to any feature in aspects of the present disclosure described in the specification and claims mean one or more. The use of "a" and "an" does not limit the meaning to a single feature unless such a limit is explicitly stated. The article "the" preceding singular or plural nouns or noun phrases denotes a particular specified feature or particular specified features and may have a singular or plural connotation depending upon the context in which it is used.

As used herein, the term "unit" may be used to refer to an individual (co) monomer unit, such that, for example, a styrenic repeat unit refers to an individual styrenic (co) monomer unit in the polymer. Furthermore, the term "unit" may also be used to refer to a polymer block unit, such that, for example, "styrenic repeat unit" may also refer to a polystyrene block; "polyethylene units" refers to block units of polyethylene; "Polypropylene units" refers to block units of polypropylene; "polybutene unit" means a block unit of polybutene, and the like. Such use will be clear from the context.

Examples

Having now described aspects of the present disclosure, in general, the following examples describe some additional aspects of the present disclosure. While aspects of the disclosure are described in connection with the following embodiments and corresponding text and drawings, there is no intent to limit aspects of the disclosure to this description. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

Material

Unless otherwise indicated, the materials referred to throughout the examples are described in table 1 below. Partially hydrogenated SEBS Block copolymer from Asahei Kasei (under the trade name SeBS) when measured using ASTM D638Sold) all had an elongation at break of greater than 650%. P1083 (and research JT-83) has a styrene content of about 20%, while P5051 has a styrene content of about 47%. SEBS copolymer from KRATON Polymers (S)G1651E) has a styrene content of about 30% to 33%.The polyolefin elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and octene, andthe linking polymer is a random copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene. For materials from suppliers not listed in table 1 (e.g., stearic acid), these materials are generally available from multiple suppliers.

TABLE 1 materials used in the examples

Table 1 (continuation) materials used in examples

Example 1: batch process for preparing a composition capable of being foamed

The prefoamed compositions described in tables 3 and 4 were prepared, which were the compositions before foaming. According to example 1, some prefoamed compositions were first compounded using the components shown in table 2 to form prefoamed base compositions (PFBC)1 and PFBC 2. These PFBC were then used to prepare the foam compositions shown in tables 3, 4. The properties of the foam compositions are described in table 5. In some cases, PFBC 1 or PFBC 2 was further improved as shown in tables 3, 4, and 5 by adding additional materials. Other formulations are prepared directly without first forming a pre-foamed base composition.

TABLE 2 composition of prefoamed base compositions for the production of prefoamed compositions

The pre-foamed composition was formed using a batch process in which the partially hydrogenated SEBS block copolymer and olefin polymer were mixed in a kneader for about 20 minutes. During this time, the kneader temperature is maintained at a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 120 ℃. In some embodiments, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA component of the composition) and/or pigment is added to the mixture of partially hydrogenated SEBS block copolymer and olefin polymer.

Next, one or more metal oxides, one or more organic acids, and one or more crosslinkers, if present, are added to the mixture. The combined mixture comprising the partially hydrogenated SEBS block copolymer and olefin polymer, and if present, EVA along with the metal oxide, organic acid, and crosslinker, was mixed in a kneader for about 20 minutes while the kneader temperature was maintained at a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 120 ℃.

The kneader temperature is then lowered to about 90 ℃ or less. The combined mixture in the kneader is then mixed with the blowing agent and the free-radical initiator. The kneaded mixture is then subjected to granulation using a die that is cooled to maintain a temperature of about 90 ℃ or less.

TABLE 3 foam composition

TABLE 3 (continuation) foam composition

TABLE 3 (continuation) foam composition

TABLE 3 (continuation) foam composition

TABLE 3 (continuation) foam composition

Example 2: continuous process for preparing prefoamed compositions

The pre-foamed composition may be prepared using a continuous process in which the styrenic copolymer component and the unsaturated olefin component are pre-mixed in a hopper and fed to a twin screw extruder. The zone (zone 1) of the twin-screw extruder into which the styrenic copolymer component and the unsaturated olefin component are fed is maintained at a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 120 ℃. When included in the prefoamed composition, the optional EVA component and/or pigment is premixed with the styrenic copolymer component and the unsaturated olefin component.

Next, one or more metal oxides, one or more organic acids, and one or more crosslinkers are added to the mixture of polymer and unsaturated olefin. The metal oxide used has a particle size of less than 1 micron. The styrenic copolymer component, the unsaturated olefin component, the optional EVA component, and the combined mixture of metal oxide, organic acid, and crosslinker are mixed in zone 1 of the twin screw extruder at a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 120 ℃ until thoroughly mixed.

The styrenic copolymer component, the unsaturated olefin component, the optional EVA component, and the combined mixture of metal oxide, organic acid, and crosslinking agent are transferred to zone 2 of the twin screw extruder at a temperature of about 90 ℃ or less. The styrenic copolymer component, unsaturated olefin component, EVA component, and the combined mixture of metal oxide, organic acid, and crosslinking agent are then mixed with a blowing agent and a free radical initiator in zone 2.

Next, the mixture of the styrenic copolymer component, the unsaturated olefin component, the optional EVA component, and the metal oxide, the organic acid, the crosslinking agent, the blowing agent, and the radical initiator is subsequently subjected to pelletization using a mold that is cooled to maintain a temperature of about 90 ℃ or less. Granulation may be carried out under water, whereby the resulting pellets are cooled as they exit the granulation die.

Example 3: forming foamed articles from pre-foamed compositions

Pellets made according to the batch process described in example 1 using the pre-foamed composition formulations described in tables 1-4 were Injection Molded (IM) into a preheated mold, wherein the mold temperature was from about 170 ℃ to about 180 ℃. The mold temperature is above the decomposition temperature of the chemical blowing agent, which decomposes in the softened composition and generates gas and foams it. The mold temperature is also above the initiation temperature of the free radical initiator, resulting in a polymerization reaction that crosslinks the unsaturated styrenic copolymer component with the unsaturated olefinic component of the composition.

As indicated in table 5, some prefoamed compositions were foamed and Injection Molded (IM) in a single step process to produce finished molded foam articles without a compression molding step, while other prefoamed compositions were foamed and molded using the following process: in this process, the pre-expanded composition is first injection molded to form a molded foam preform, the molded foam preform is then annealed, and the annealed molded foam preform is then compression molded (IM + CM) to produce a finished molded foam article.

For a prefoamed composition that is injection molded and subsequently compression molded to produce a finished molded foam article (IM + CM), subjecting the injection molded foam preform to an annealing process in which the foam preform is heated to a temperature of about 70 ℃ to about 80 ℃ for a time of about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes; then cooling to a temperature of about 60 ℃ to about 70 ℃ and holding at this temperature for about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes; then cooling the preform to a temperature of about 50 ℃ to about 60 ℃ and holding at this temperature for about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes; then cooled to a temperature of about 45 c to about 55 c and held at this temperature for about 10 minutes to 15 minutes. The annealed molded foam preform is then washed with water (about 35 ℃ to about 40 ℃) for about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes and subsequently dried for 24 hours.

The annealed molded foam preform is then placed into a compression mold, the annealed molded foam preform being at least 10% less in one dimension relative to its initial foamed, molded and annealed state prior to compression molding. During compression molding, the foam preform is heated to a surface temperature of about 130 ℃ to about 150 ℃. The foam preform is then cooled to a surface temperature of about 30 ℃ in about 15 minutes or less (e.g., in about 12 minutes or less) to obtain a finished compression-molded foam article.

While this experiment used a pre-foamed composition only for producing injection molded foam articles (IM) and injection molded and compression molded foam articles (IM + CM) using the above-described process, the pre-foamed compositions described herein may be foamed and/or molded using other types of processes known in the art. For example, these pre-expanded compositions can be used to form slab foams, particulate (e.g., bead) foams, and the like. These forms of foam can then be used in a variety of ways. For example, a slab foam may be formed and then used as a final assembly as formed, or the slab foam may be compression molded to form the final assembly. The pellets of the pre-expanded composition may be used to form individual particle foams, or may be expanded and molded to form molded foam articles.

TABLE 4 compositions and component ratios for foams

NT-No test

N/A not applicable

TABLE 4 (continuation.) compositions and component ratios for foams

NT-No test

N/A not applicable

TABLE 4 (continuation.) compositions and component ratios for foams

NT-No test

N/A not applicable

TABLE 4 (continuation.) compositions and component ratios for foams

NT-No test

N/A not applicable

TABLE 4 (continuation.) compositions and component ratios for foams

NT-No test

N/A not applicable

Example 4: testing of foamed articles

Examples of foam articles formed from the formulations described in tables 3 and 4 were manufactured and tested to determine their physical properties (e.g., specific gravity, hardness, split tear, compression set, and energy return). The results for the foamed articles of the various formulations are reported in table 5.

The objective of this experiment was to identify a pre-foamed composition having improved split tear values compared to conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foams, but otherwise maintaining the physical properties of conventional EVA foams that are beneficial to us as a component of an article of footwear. The experimental prefoamed compositions were based on the use of a styrenic copolymer component, an unsaturated olefin component and optionally an EVA component. Some formulations are used to produce foams that are first injection molded and then annealed and compression molded to produce the final foam assembly (IM + CM), while other formulations are used to produce foams that are injection molded to produce the final foam assembly (IM). The target range for the split tear values is about 2.5kg/cm to about 3.0kg/cm or greater. By comparison, the conventional EVA foam has a split tear value of about 1.7. The target ranges for other physical properties of the final foam assembly are: a specific gravity of about 0.1 to about 0.2; an Asker C hardness of about 40 to about 50; a compression set of about 20% to about 35%; and an elasticity of at least about 60%. These target ranges are based primarily on the physical properties of conventional EVA foam used as a component of an article of footwear, which has a specific gravity of 0.080 to 0.095, an Asker C hardness of 34 to 38, a compression set of 75%, and a resilience of about 59.

The test methods used to obtain the specific gravity values reported in table 5 are as follows.

The specific gravity of the foam was determined by testing 3 representative samples taken from foam preforms or compression molded foam components. The weight of each sample in air and when the sample was completely immersed in distilled water at a temperature of 22 ℃ ± 2 ℃ (after removing any air bubbles adhering to the surface of the foam sample before weighing) was determined using a balance with appropriate accuracy for the weight of the sample. The specific gravity (S.G.) is then calculated by: the weight of the sample in water was sampled and subtracted from the weight of the sample in air and then this value was divided by the weight of the sample in air, where all weights are in grams.

Split tear test

The test methods used to obtain the section tear values for the foam articles as shown in table 5 are as follows.

Four die-cut rectangular samples of flat or molded foam were prepared, each measuring 2.54cm x 15.24cm x10 ± 1mm (thickness). If the foam material to be tested has a skin, the material is then skinned prior to preparing the four samples. A 3cm long incision was made in the center of one end of the sample. Five consecutive 2cm sections were then marked on the sample.

The crosshead speed of the tensile testing apparatus was set to 50 mm/min. Each separated end of the sample was clamped in the upper and lower clamps of the test apparatus. The separation is arranged in the middle between the two clamps. Each portion of the sample is held in a holder in such a way that: this way the initially adjacent cut edges form a straight line connecting the centre of the clamp.

A sharp knife is used to assist cutting as needed to keep the foam material separated in the center of the sample. The reading resulting from cutting with the knife is discarded. The lowest value of each of the five fractions of each sample was recorded in kg/cm. Five values were recorded for each sample, and then an average of the five values was obtained and reported. If a portion of the sample includes a portion having bubbles with a diameter greater than 2mm, the value of the portion including bubbles is not included in the average value. If more than one portion of the sample is found to include bubbles having a diameter greater than 2mm, another sample is tested.

Hardness test of durometer

The tests used to obtain the hardness values for the foamed articles reported in table 5 are as follows.

For flat foams, the sample thickness was 6mm minimum for Asker C durometer test. Foam samples were stacked to make a minimum thickness if necessary. The foam sample is large enough to allow all measurements to be taken at least 12mm from the edge of the sample and at least 12mm from any other measurement. The test zones are flat and parallel, having an area of at least 6mm in diameter. For the samples tested in table 5, a standard sample having dimensions of about 35cm x 13cm x 1.8cm was used and a minimum of five hardness measurements were taken and tested using a 1kg indenter weight.

Compression set

The tests used to obtain the compression set values for the foamed articles reported in table 5 are as follows.

The foam sample was compressed between two metal plates to 50% of its original thickness and placed in an oven at 50 ℃ for 6 hours. The sample was then cooled and the difference between its pre-and post-compression thicknesses was used as a measure of the static compression set.

For the tests reported in table 5, samples were obtained using molded plates having a skin on one side and a thickness of 10 mm. The panels were then cut to a thickness of 10+/-0.5mm to remove the skin prior to cutting the samples. The compression-molded foam material with skin on both sides is cut from one side of the skin so that the skin remains only on one side. Five 2.54cm diameter circles were then mechanically drilled from the plate to obtain the samples to be tested.

The compression set testing device comprises two flat steel plates arranged between the parallel faces of a compression device, with a compression ring and spacer rods for each set of parallel faces. Four compression rings (4.5mm or 5.0mm based on sample thickness) of the same thickness were used to compress each parallel face of the device. The percent compression set was calculated using the following equation:

% permanent set ═ 100 (original thickness-final thickness)/(50% original thickness) × 100

The central area of each sample was marked and used to measure the sample using an AMES meter (AMES gauge) with no load on top.

Energy return test

The tests used to obtain the energy return values for the foamed articles reported in table 5 are as follows.

Energy return of the foam article was determined using ASTM D263292 (which uses a vertical spring back device).

TABLE 5 processing methods and Properties of the foamed articles

Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide	A	B	C	D	E
						Processing method	2	2	2	2	2
Physical Properties
						IM foam
Specific gravity of	0.1185	0.1166	0.1171	0.1153	0.11
						Hardness (Asker C)	32-33	33-34	32-33	28-30	41-42
Split tear (kg/cm)	1.79-1.75	1.61-1.78	1.58-1.62	1.52-1.56	1.3
						Compression set (%)	72-73	70-71	72-74	70-71	51-53
Energy Return (Flat) (%)					NA
						IM + CM foam
Specific gravity of	0.2048	0.2089	0.2021	0.2042	0.16-0.17
						Hardness (Asker C)	49-50	50-51	49-50	56-58	53-54
Split tear (kg/cm)	2.7-2.8	2.6-2.8	2.8-2.9	2.4-2.5	2
						Compression set (%)	43-45	39-40	49-50	38-39	21
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	50-51	49-50	53-54	47-48	68

NT-No test

NA is not applicable

Injection molding of the prefoamed composition to form the final foamed article

Injection molding the pre-expanded composition to form a foam preform and then compression molding the foam preform to form the final foam article

TABLE 5 continuation foam article processing methods and properties

Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide	F	G	H	I	J
						Processing method	2	2	1	2	2
Physical Properties
						IM foam
Specific gravity of	0.09	0.1	0.15	0.11	0.159
						Hardness (Asker C)	32-34	34-35	52-53	43-45	50-51
Split tear (kg/cm)	1.9	2	2.5-2.6	1.6	2.98-3.06
						Compression set (%)	71-72	74-76	35-55	69	49-51
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	60	83-89	71	64	64-65
						IM + CM foam
Specific gravity of	0.13-0.14	NT	NA	0.18	NT
						Hardness (Asker C)	43-48	NT	NA	55-59	NT
Split tearCrack (kg/cm)	2.3	NT	NA	2.5-2.6	NT
						Compression set (%)	39-41	NT	NA	21-22	NT
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	68	NT	NA	69	NT

NT-No test

NA is not applicable

Injection molding of the prefoamed composition to form the final foamed article

Injection molding the pre-expanded composition to form a foam preform and then compression molding the foam preform to form the final foam article

TABLE 5 continuation foam article processing methods and properties

Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide	K	L	M	N	O
						Processing method	2	1	2	1	2
Physical Properties
						IM foam
Specific gravity of	0.15	0.17	0.167	0.17	0.13
						Hardness (Asker C)	46-48	54-55	52-54	54-55	42-44
Split tear (kg/cm)	2.73-3.01	2.6-2.7	3.0-3.1	2.7-2.8	2
						Compression set (%)	59-61	26-32	43-46	28-33	71
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	67-72	69-70	61-63	69-72	65
						IM + CM foam
Specific gravity of	NT	NA	NT	NA	0.17-0.18
						Hardness (Asker C)	NT	NA	NT	NA	54-57
Split tear (kg/cm)	NT	NA	NT	NA	3.0-3.1
						Compression set (%)	NT	NA	NT	NA	28
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	NT	NA	NT	NA	69

NT-No test

NA is not applicable

Injection molding of the prefoamed composition to form the final foamed article

Injection molding the pre-expanded composition to form a foam preform and then compression molding the foam preform to form the final foam article

TABLE 5 continuation foam article processing methods and properties

Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide	P	Q	R	S	T
						Processing method	2	1	1	1	1
Physical Properties
						IM foam
Specific gravity of	0.11	0.17	0.16	0.15	0.11
						Hardness (Asker C)	42-43	54-55	51-52	49-51	33-36
Split tear (kg/cm)	2	3.4	2.6	2.8-3.0	1.4-1.7
						Compression set (%)	66-72	38-39	37-43	40-50	63-70
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	NA	68	71-73	74-76	84-87
						IM + CM foam
Specific gravity of	0.17	NA	NA	NA	NA
						Hardness (Asker C)	52-55	NA	NA	NA	NA
Split tear (kg/cm)	3.1	NA	NA	NA	NA
						Compression set (%)	31-37	NA	NA	NA	NA
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	67-70	NA	NA	NA	NA

NT-No test

NA is not applicable

Injection molding of the prefoamed composition to form the final foamed article

Injection molding the pre-expanded composition to form a foam preform and then compression molding the foam preform to form the final foam article

TABLE 5 continuation foam article processing methods and properties

Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide	U	V’	W’
				Processing method	1	1	1
Physical Properties
				IM foam
Specific gravity of	0.18	0.19	0.19
				Hardness (Asker C)	42-45	42-44	43-45
Split tear (kg/cm)	2.5-2.6	2.6-2.7	2.6
				Compression set (%)	29-33	32-34	31-32
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	78-80	80	79-82
				IM + CM foam
Specific gravity of	NA	NA	NA
				Hardness (Asker C)	NA	NA	NA
Split tear(kg/cm)	NA	NA	NA
				Compression set (%)	NA	NA	NA
Energy Return (Flat) (%)	NA	NA	NA

NT-No test

NA is not applicable

Injection molding of the prefoamed composition to form the final foamed article

Injection molding the pre-expanded composition to form a foam preform and then compression molding the foam preform to form the final foam article

Results

Four of the 13 final molded foam articles produced using injection molding and compression molding (IM + CM) have a split tear value of greater than 2.5, and 8 of the 11 final molded foam articles produced using only injection molding process (IM) have a split tear value of greater than 2.5. Unexpectedly, 12 of the formulations that produced molded foam articles having the targeted split tear values also had significantly higher elasticity values than expected. Specifically, formulations H, I, L, N, O, P, Q, R, S, U, V and X had elasticity values ranging from 67% to 82%. However, only 2 prefoamed compositions were found to produce final foam components (formulations U and X) with all physical properties within the targeted range. The resilience values of both formulations were found to be more than 14 percentage points higher than that of conventional EVA foam.

Generally, a prefoamed composition that produces a final foam component having unexpectedly high elastomeric values comprises from about 10 parts per hundred resin (phr) to about 22phr of a styrenic copolymer component, and from about 45phr to about 80phr of an unsaturated olefin component. Some of these prefoamed compositions also comprise from about 31phr to about 36phr of the EVA component, while others do not. Generally, prefoamed compositions that yield final foam components with targeted split tear values and unexpectedly high elastomeric values have a ratio of phr of styrenic copolymer component to phr of unsaturated olefin component ranging from about 0.17 to about 0.30. For pre-foamed compositions comprising an EVA component, the ratio of phr of the styrenic copolymer component to phr of the EVA component ranges from about 0.37 to about 0.70. The ratio of the phr of the unsaturated olefin component to the phr of the EVA component ranges from about 2.2 to about 2.3. For prefoamed compositions comprising an EVA component, the sum of all these ratios ranges from about 2.7 to about 3.3.

It should be emphasized that the above-described aspects of the present disclosure are merely possible examples of implementations, and are merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the disclosure. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described aspects of the disclosure without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure.

The disclosure will be better understood upon reading the following clauses, which should not be confused with the claims.

1. A composition, comprising:

an A-B-A block copolymer wherein each A block comprises repeating units according to the formula,

each occurrence of R in the repeating unit¹Independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,

each occurrence of R in the repeating unit²Independently is absent or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,

wherein the B block is a random copolymer of ethylene and a first α -olefin, wherein the first α -olefin has from 3 to 8 carbon atoms;

and wherein the A-B-A block copolymer comprises about 10% to about 40% by weight of the A block based on the total weight of the A-B-A block copolymer;

an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin, wherein the second alpha-olefin has from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more ethylene-rich blocks and one or more blocks rich in the alpha-olefin; and

an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of about 10% to about 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,

wherein the ratio of the total weight parts of the olefinic block copolymer to the total weight parts of the A-B-A block copolymer, I, is about 0.8 to 3.0.

2. The composition of clause 1, wherein the ratio I is about 0.8 to 2.0.

3. A composition, comprising:

an A-B-A block copolymer, wherein each A block comprises repeat units according to the formula:

each occurrence of R in the repeating unit¹Independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,

each occurrence of R in the repeating unit²Independently is absent or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,

wherein the B block is a random copolymer of ethylene and a first α -olefin, wherein the first α -olefin has from 3 to 8 carbon atoms;

and wherein the A-B-A block copolymer comprises about 10% to about 40% by weight of the A block based on the total weight of the A-B-A block copolymer;

an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin, wherein the second alpha-olefin has from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more ethylene-rich blocks and one or more blocks rich in the alpha-olefin; and

an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of about 10% to about 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

4. The composition according to any of clauses 1-3, wherein each occurrence of R¹Is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

5. The composition of any of clauses 1-3, wherein R²Is absent.

6. A composition, comprising:

an a-B-a block copolymer, wherein each a block comprises styrenic repeat units, the B block is a random copolymer of ethylene and a first α -olefin, wherein the first α -olefin has 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and wherein the a-B-a block copolymer comprises about 10% to about 40% by weight of the a block based on the total weight of the a-B-a block copolymer;

an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin, wherein the second alpha-olefin has from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more ethylene-rich blocks and one or more blocks rich in the alpha-olefin; and

an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of about 10% to about 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

7. The composition of any of clauses 1-6, wherein each a block consists essentially of polystyrene.

8. The composition of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the B block consists essentially of a copolymer of ethylene and octene.

9. The composition of any of clauses 1-8, wherein the B block consists essentially of a copolymer of ethylene and butadiene.

10. The composition of any of clauses 1-9, further comprising an alpha-olefin linked polymer,

wherein the alpha-olefin linked polymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a third alpha-olefin, wherein the third alpha-olefin has from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and

wherein the alpha-olefin linked polymer has an alpha-olefin monomer content of from about 15% to about 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the alpha-olefin linked polymer.

11. The composition of any of clauses 1-9, wherein the composition comprises a first alpha-olefin linked polymer and a second alpha-olefin linked polymer,

wherein the first alpha-olefin linked polymer and the second alpha-olefin linked polymer are copolymers of ethylene and 1-butene, each having a different ratio of ethylene to 1-butene monomer content in the copolymer.

12. The composition of any of clauses 1-11, wherein the composition comprises about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer, about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of the olefinic block copolymer, and about 30 to about 60 parts by weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

13. A composition, comprising:

a partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer, the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer comprising:

one or more A blocks comprising aromatic repeat units,

one or more B blocks comprising aliphatic repeat units, and

one or more first ethylenically unsaturated groups present on one or both of the aromatic and aliphatic repeat units;

an olefinic block copolymer, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of a first alpha-olefin and a second alpha-olefin different from the first alpha-olefin, and wherein the olefinic block copolymer comprises one or more second ethylenically unsaturated groups; and

ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

14. A composition, comprising:

one or more partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymers, each of the one or more partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymers independently comprising one or more aromatic blocks, one or more aliphatic blocks, and one or more first ethylenically unsaturated units;

one or more olefinic block copolymers, each of the one or more olefinic block copolymers comprising a second ethylenically unsaturated unit; and

one or more ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

15. The composition of clause 13 or clause 14, further comprising one or more alpha-olefin linked polymers.

16. The composition of any of clauses 12-15, wherein the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer comprises an A-B block structure or an A-B-A block structure,

wherein each A block comprises one or more aromatic repeat units, and

wherein the B block is an aliphatic polymer block comprising one or more first ethylenically unsaturated units.

17. The composition of any of clauses 12-16, wherein the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer comprises about 10 to about 40 percent by weight of a blocks, based on the total weight of the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer.

18. The composition of any of clauses 12-17, wherein the aromatic repeat units comprise styrenic repeat units.

19. The composition of any of clauses 12-18, wherein the aromatic repeat units comprise an aliphatic backbone having more than one aromatic side chain.

20. The composition of any of clauses 12-19, wherein the aliphatic repeat unit comprises one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkyl side chains having from about 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

21. The composition of any of clauses 12-20, wherein the olefinic block copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a second alpha-olefin.

22. The composition of clause 21, wherein the second α -olefin has from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

23. The composition of any of clauses 12-22, wherein the olefinic block copolymer has one or more blocks rich in a first α -olefin and one or more blocks rich in a second α -olefin.

24. The composition of any of clauses 1-23, wherein the composition comprises about 5 to about 20 parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer or the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

25. The composition of any of clauses 1-24, wherein the composition comprises about 5 to about 10 parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer or the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

26. The composition of any of clauses 1-25, wherein the composition comprises about 5 to about 20 parts by weight of the olefinic block copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

27. The composition of any of clauses 1-26, wherein the composition comprises about 10 to about 15 parts by weight of the olefinic block copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

28. The composition of any of clauses 1-27, wherein the composition comprises about 15 to about 35 parts by weight of the alpha-olefin conjunct polymer based on the total weight of the composition.

29. The composition of any of clauses 1-28, wherein the composition comprises about 20 to about 30 parts by weight of the alpha-olefin conjunct polymer based on the total weight of the composition.

30. The composition of any of clauses 1-29, wherein the composition comprises about 20 to about 45 parts by weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

31. The composition of any of clauses 1-30, wherein the composition comprises about 30 to about 40 parts by weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition.

32. The composition of any of clauses 1-31, further comprising one or both of a free radical initiator and a chemical blowing agent.

33. The composition of clause 32, wherein the composition comprises a free radical initiator,

wherein the free radical initiator is selected from the group consisting of: dicumyl peroxide; n-butyl-4, 4-di (tert-butylperoxy) valerate; 1, 1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) 3,3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane; 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane; di-tert-butyl peroxide; di-tert-amyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide; t-butyl cumyl peroxide; 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) -3-hexyne; bis (2-tert-butyl-peroxy isopropyl) benzene; dilauroyl peroxide; dibenzoyl peroxide; tert-butyl hydroperoxide; and combinations thereof.

34. The composition of clause 32, wherein the composition comprises a free radical initiator, and

wherein the free radical initiator is selected from the group consisting of peroxides, diazo compounds, and combinations thereof.

35. The composition of clause 32, wherein the composition comprises a chemical blowing agent selected from the group consisting of: carbonates, bicarbonates, carboxylic acids, azo compounds, isocyanates, persulfates, peroxides, and combinations thereof.

36. The composition of any of clauses 1-35, wherein the ratio I of the total parts by weight of the olefinic copolymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the a-B-a block copolymer or the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer present in the composition is from about 0.65 to about 7.00.

37. The composition of any of clauses 1-36, wherein the ratio II of the total parts by weight of linking polymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of a-B-a block copolymer or partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer present in the composition is from about 0.40 to about 3.50.

38. The composition of any of clauses 1-37, wherein the ratio III of the total parts by weight of EVA copolymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of a-B-a block copolymer or partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer present in the composition is from about 1.00 to about 5.00.

39. The composition of any of clauses 1-38, wherein the ratio IV of the total parts by weight of linking polymer present in the composition to the total parts by weight of a-B-a block copolymer present in the composition is from about 3.50 to about 5.00.

40. The composition of any of clauses 1-39, wherein the ratio V of the total parts by weight of the one or more EVA copolymers present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the one or more olefinic copolymers present in the composition is from about 2.00 to about 5.00.

41. The composition of any of clauses 1-40, wherein the ratio VI of the total parts by weight of the one or more EVA copolymers present in the composition to the total parts by weight of the one or more linking polymers present in the composition is from about 1.00 to about 2.00.

42. The composition of any of clauses 1-41, wherein the ratio I is from about 0.8 to about 2.00.

43. The composition of any of clauses 1-42, wherein the ratio II is about 1.00 to about 3.25.

44. The composition of any of clauses 1-43, wherein the ratio III is about 3.50 to about 5.00.

45. The composition of any of clauses 1-44, wherein the sum of ratios I, II, III, IV, and V is from about 1.00 to about 10.00.

46. The composition of any of clauses 1-45, wherein the sum of ratios I, II, III, IV, and V is from about 3.50 to about 5.00.

47. The composition of any of clauses 1-46, wherein the sum of ratios I, II, III, IV, V, and VI is from about 1.50 to about 16.00.

48. The composition of any of clauses 1-47, wherein the sum of ratios I, II, III, IV, V, and VI is from about 14.00 to about 16.00.

49. The composition of any of clauses 1-48, wherein the a-B-a block copolymer or the partially hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomer block copolymer has an elongation at break of greater than or equal to 650 percent as determined using ASTM D638.

50. The composition according to any of clauses 1-49, wherein the composition is a pre-foamed composition.

51. A composition made by a process of partially crosslinking the composition according to any of clauses 1-50.

52. The composition of clause 51, wherein the partially crosslinked composition has a degree of crosslinking of about 5% to about 20%.

53. A composition comprising the crosslinked reaction product of the composition of any of clauses 1-52, wherein the composition is a foam composition.

54. A composition prepared by a process of crosslinking and foaming the composition according to any one of clauses 1-52.

55. The composition of clause 54, wherein the crosslinking step and the foaming step occur substantially simultaneously.

56. The composition of clause 54 or clause 55, wherein the process comprises injection molding the pre-foamed composition into an injection mold and crosslinking the pre-foamed composition in the injection mold.

57. The composition of clause 56, wherein the injection mold is at a temperature of about 150 ℃ to about 190 ℃ during crosslinking.

58. The composition of clause 57, wherein the composition is compression molded to produce a foam composition.

59. The composition of clause 58, wherein the process further comprises annealing the foam article and then compression molding the foam article to reduce its size in at least one dimension by at least 10% relative to its initial foamed and molded state prior to compression molding.

60. The composition of any of clauses 53-59, wherein the foam composition comprises a degree of crosslinking of about 30% to about 90%.

61. The composition of any of clauses 53-59, wherein the foam composition has a specific gravity of from about 0.08 to about 0.15.

62. The composition of any of clauses 53-59, wherein the foam composition has an energy return of from about 60% to about 85%.

63. The composition of any of clauses 53-59, wherein the foam composition has a split tear of about 1.6kg/cm to about 4.0 kg/cm.

64. The composition of any of clauses 53-59, wherein the foam composition has a split tear of about 2.5kg/cm to about 3.5 kg/cm.

65. The composition of any of clauses 53-59, wherein the foam composition has an Asker C hardness of about 40C to 60C.

66. A method of making a foam, the method comprising foaming a composition according to any of clauses 1-52 to produce a foamed composition, and crosslinking the foamed composition to form a foam.

67. The method of clause 66, wherein the crosslinking step and the foaming step occur substantially simultaneously.

68. The method of clause 66, including injection molding the pre-foamed composition into an injection mold to form a foamed composition, and crosslinking the foamed composition in the injection mold.

69. The method of clause 68, wherein the injection mold is at a temperature of about 150 ℃ to about 190 ℃ during crosslinking.

70. The method of clause 68, wherein the foaming composition is compression molded to produce a foam.

71. The method of clause 68, further comprising annealing the foam and then compression molding the foam to reduce its size in at least one dimension by at least 10% relative to its initial foamed and molded state prior to compression molding.

72. A sole component for an article of footwear, the sole component comprising a foam composition according to any of clauses 53-65.

73. A sole component for an article of footwear, the sole component being manufactured by a process comprising injection molding and cross-linking a pre-foamed composition according to any of clauses 1-52.

74. The sole component of clause 73, wherein the process further comprises compression molding the crosslinked composition to produce the sole component.

75. The sole assembly of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the sole assembly is a midsole.

76. The sole component of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the sole component comprises a degree of crosslinking of about 30% to about 99%.

77. The sole assembly of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the sole assembly has a specific gravity of about 0.08 to about 0.15.

78. The sole assembly of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the sole assembly has an energy return of about 60% to about 85%.

79. The sole component of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the sole component has a split tear of about 1.6kg/cm to about 4.0 kg/cm.

80. The sole component of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the sole component has a split tear of about 2.5kg/cm to about 3.5 kg/cm.

81. The sole component of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the sole component has an Asker C hardness of about 40C to 60C.

82. The sole assembly of any of clauses 72-74, wherein the article of footwear is a shoe.

83. The sole assembly of clause 82, wherein the footwear is selected from the group consisting of: sports shoes, tennis shoes, cross-training shoes, children's shoes, dress shoes, and casual shoes.

84. An article of footwear comprising a sole assembly according to any of clauses 72-83.

85. The article of footwear of clause 84, wherein the sole component is a midsole, and,

wherein the article of footwear further includes an upper and an outsole.

86. The article of footwear of clause 84, wherein the article of footwear is a shoe.

87. The article of footwear of clause 86, wherein the footwear is selected from the group consisting of: sports shoes, tennis shoes, cross-training shoes, children's shoes, dress shoes, and casual shoes.

88. A method of manufacturing an article of footwear, the method comprising securing a sole assembly according to any of clauses 72-83 to one or both of an upper and an outsole.