阅读说明：本技术 一种厨余垃圾的处理方法及其采用的好氧发酵设备 (Kitchen waste treatment method and aerobic fermentation equipment adopted by same ) 是由 杨崎峰 宋海农 林宏飞 周郁文 汤桂腾 谭恒 潘振 梁志超 夏兴良 丘能 熊文标 于 2019-09-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种厨余垃圾的处理方法及其采用的好氧发酵设备,该方法的步骤包括：1)垃圾分选；2)破碎；3)压榨脱水；4)利用纤维素酶溶液进行细胞水脱除；5)好氧发酵制备有机肥料；6)利用压榨液制备有机液态肥。采用的好氧发酵设备包括具有粉碎及脱水功能的垃圾预处理装置、发酵仓和物料储仓,垃圾预处理装置的输出端与物料储仓的进料口经第一输送装置相连接,物料储仓的出料口经第二输送装置与垃圾预处理装置及发酵仓相连接,通过第二输送装置将物料输送至垃圾预处理装置或者发酵仓。本发明无需在发酵过程中添加额外热源即可直接进行好氧发酵,大大降低了发酵过程所需的能耗,而且操作简单、发酵充分,能使有机质降解彻底。(The invention discloses a kitchen garbage treatment method and aerobic fermentation equipment adopted by the same, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) sorting the garbage; 2) crushing; 3) squeezing and dewatering; 4) removing cell water by using a cellulase solution; 5) aerobic fermentation to prepare an organic fertilizer; 6) and preparing the organic liquid fertilizer by using the squeezed liquid. The adopted aerobic fermentation equipment comprises a garbage pretreatment device with the functions of crushing and dewatering, a fermentation bin and a material storage bin, wherein the output end of the garbage pretreatment device is connected with the feed inlet of the material storage bin through a first conveying device, the discharge outlet of the material storage bin is connected with the garbage pretreatment device and the fermentation bin through a second conveying device, and the materials are conveyed to the garbage pretreatment device or the fermentation bin through the second conveying device. The invention can directly carry out aerobic fermentation without adding an additional heat source in the fermentation process, greatly reduces the energy consumption required by the fermentation process, has simple operation and full fermentation, and can thoroughly degrade organic matters.)

1. A kitchen waste treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) garbage sorting: dumping the mixed garbage on a sorting platform for sorting to remove non-fermentable impurities, and sending the rest kitchen garbage to the next process;

(2) crushing: conveying the kitchen waste to a crusher for crushing treatment;

(3) squeezing and dewatering: the crushed kitchen garbage enters a dehydrator for squeezing and dehydrating to obtain a primary dehydrated material with the water content of 79-85%, and the primary dehydrated material is conveyed to a material storage bin for storage;

(4) removing cell water: spraying cellulase solution with the volume concentration of 0.05-0.1% into the primary dehydrated material according to the liquid-material volume ratio of 1:100 plus 120, storing the material in a material storage bin for 12-24h, then conveying the primary dehydrated material to the crusher in the step 2) for crushing treatment, and then performing dehydration treatment through a dehydrator to obtain a secondary dehydrated material with the water content of 50-65%;

(5) aerobic fermentation: and directly conveying the secondary dehydrated material into a fermentation bin for aerobic fermentation, and aging and decomposing the decomposed material obtained after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer.

2. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the squeezed liquid from the dewatering machine is transferred to an organic wastewater storage bin, aerobic fermentation is performed in the organic wastewater storage bin, and the fermentation liquid obtained after fermentation is subjected to nutrition proportioning according to the standard of organic liquid fertilizer, so as to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer.

3. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (5), the fermentation bin comprises a rapid heating bin and a stable fermentation bin which are communicated with each other, and the secondary dehydration material is firstly kept in the rapid heating bin for fermentation for 3-7 days and then is conveyed to the stable fermentation bin; if the water content of the materials in the rapid heating chamber is higher than 60%, returning part of the materials in the stable fermentation chamber to the rapid heating chamber, and stirring to adjust the water content of the materials to 50% -60% so as to achieve the heating fermentation condition.

4. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (5), the material is fermented in the stable fermentation bin for 5-15 days to obtain a decomposed material, and then the decomposed material is sent to a closed ventilation place to be aged and decomposed for 10-30 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the organic waste water storage tank is provided with an aeration pipe and the pressing liquid is continuously aerated.

6. The aerobic fermentation equipment for implementing the kitchen waste treatment method according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the equipment comprises a waste pretreatment device with functions of crushing and dewatering, a fermentation bin and a material storage bin, wherein the output end of the waste pretreatment device is connected with the feed inlet of the material storage bin through a first conveying device, the discharge outlet of the material storage bin is connected with the waste pretreatment device and the fermentation bin through a second conveying device, and the material in the material storage bin is conveyed to the waste pretreatment device or the fermentation bin through the second conveying device.

7. The aerobic fermentation equipment of claim 6, wherein the garbage pre-treatment device comprises a garbage lifting device, a belt sorting device, a crusher and a dehydrator, the garbage lifting device is arranged at the feeding end of the belt sorting device, the discharging end of the belt sorting device is connected with the feeding end of the crusher, the discharging end of the crusher is connected with the feeding end of the dehydrator, the discharging end of the dehydrator is connected with the input end of a first conveying device, the output end of the first conveying device is connected with the feeding port of the material storage bin, and the material storage bin is connected with the feeding end of the crusher through a second conveying device to form a conveying loop.

8. The aerobic fermentation equipment of claim 6, wherein the fermentation chamber comprises a fast heating chamber and a stable fermentation chamber, the fast heating chamber is connected with the stable fermentation chamber through a second conveyor, the fast heating chamber is installed on the top of the fast heating chamber, the fast heating chamber is connected with the material storage chamber through the second conveyor, the fast heating chamber and the stable fermentation chamber are both U-shaped, the side walls of the fast heating chamber and the stable fermentation chamber are both provided with discharge ports, stirring devices are arranged in the fast heating chamber and the stable fermentation chamber, and stirring paddles adopted by the stirring devices are arranged spirally.

9. The aerobic fermentation device of claim 7 wherein the first conveyor means comprises a horizontal screw conveyor and an inclined screw conveyor connected together, one end of the horizontal screw conveyor being located below the discharge end of the dewatering apparatus, the other end of the horizontal screw conveyor being connected to one end of the inclined screw conveyor, the other end of the inclined screw conveyor being connected to the material storage bin.

10. The aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 7 or 8 wherein the second conveying device comprises a transverse counter-rotating conveyor and a longitudinal conveyor which are connected, one end of the longitudinal conveyor is positioned below the discharge port of the material storage bin, the other end of the longitudinal conveyor is arranged above the middle part of the transverse counter-rotating conveyor, and the material in the material storage bin can be conveyed into the crusher or the fermentation bin by adjusting the conveying direction of the transverse counter-rotating conveyor.

11. The aerobic fermentation equipment of claim 8 wherein the top of the rapid heating chamber and the top of the stable fermentation chamber are provided with a manhole, a vent hole and an air suction opening, and the air suction opening is externally connected with a deodorization system.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of resourceful treatment of kitchen waste, and particularly relates to a treatment method of kitchen waste and aerobic fermentation equipment adopted by the treatment method.

Background

The kitchen waste contains extremely high moisture and organic matters, is easy to rot and generates stink. After proper treatment and processing, the biomass can be converted into new resources, the characteristics of high organic matter content enable the biomass to be used as fertilizer and feed after strict treatment, methane can be generated to be used as fuel or power generation, and the grease part can be used for preparing biofuel.

Aerobic composting is a process of changing organic matters into decomposed fertilizers through mineralization, humification and harmless treatment by fermentation under the action of microorganisms, organic garbage is treated through aerobic composting and organic fertilizers are produced, and the method is an important way for harmless treatment and fertilizer utilization of the organic garbage. In addition, special microbial agents are used for specially fermenting and treating organic garbage and producing organic fertilizers in the market, and compared with the traditional composting mode, the treatment process is obviously improved.

At present, the integrated equipment fertilizer in the market is taken as a mode for composting perishable garbage, and has been widely advocated by various circles due to the advantages of high integration of the equipment, sufficient ventilation and oxygen supply, short fermentation period and the like. However, the research of the integrated aerobic fermentation equipment in the current market still has the problems of high energy consumption of the equipment, uneven turning and throwing of materials, insufficient decomposition degree of products, incomplete degradation of organic matters and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a kitchen waste treatment method and aerobic fermentation equipment adopted by the same, wherein the treatment method and the aerobic fermentation equipment do not need an external heating source, are simple to operate, are fully fermented and can thoroughly degrade organic matters.

The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a kitchen waste treatment method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) garbage sorting: dumping the mixed garbage on a sorting platform for sorting to remove non-fermentable impurities, and sending the rest kitchen garbage to the next process;

(2) crushing: conveying the kitchen waste to a crusher for crushing treatment, wherein the particle size of the crushed kitchen waste is 1-6 cm;

(3) squeezing and dewatering: the crushed kitchen garbage enters a dehydrator for squeezing and dehydrating to obtain a primary dehydrated material with the water content of 79-85%, and the primary dehydrated material is conveyed to a material storage bin for storage;

(4) removing cell water: spraying cellulase solution with the volume concentration of 0.05-0.1% into the primary dehydrated material according to the liquid-material volume ratio of 1:100 plus 120, storing the material in a material storage bin for 12-24h, then conveying the primary dehydrated material to the crusher in the step 2) for crushing treatment, and then performing dehydration treatment through a dehydrator to obtain a secondary dehydrated material with the water content of 50-65% and the particle size of 1-4 cm;

(5) aerobic fermentation: and directly conveying the secondary dehydrated material into a fermentation bin for aerobic fermentation, and aging and decomposing the decomposed material obtained after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer.

And (2) conveying the squeezed liquid flowing out of the dehydrator to an organic wastewater storage bin, carrying out aerobic fermentation in the organic wastewater storage bin, and carrying out nutrition proportioning on fermented liquid obtained after fermentation according to the standard of organic liquid fertilizer to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer.

The invention can arrange an aeration pipe in the organic wastewater storage bin and carry out continuous aeration on the squeezed liquid.

In the step (5), the fermentation bin comprises a rapid heating bin and a stable fermentation bin which are communicated, and the secondary dehydration material is firstly kept in the rapid heating bin for fermentation for 3-7 days and then is conveyed to the stable fermentation bin; if the water content of the materials in the rapid heating chamber is higher than 60%, returning part of the materials in the stable fermentation chamber to the rapid heating chamber, and stirring to adjust the water content of the materials to 50% -60% so as to achieve the heating fermentation condition.

And (5) fermenting the materials in the stable fermentation bin for 5-15 days to obtain decomposed materials, and then conveying the decomposed materials to a closed ventilation position for aging and decomposing for 10-30 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

The aerobic fermentation equipment adopted by the kitchen waste treatment method comprises a waste pretreatment device with crushing and dewatering functions, a fermentation bin and a material storage bin, wherein the output end of the waste pretreatment device is connected with the feed inlet of the material storage bin through a first conveying device, the discharge outlet of the material storage bin is connected with the waste pretreatment device and the fermentation bin through a second conveying device, and the materials in the material storage bin are conveyed to the waste pretreatment device or the fermentation bin through the second conveying device.

Garbage preprocessing device includes rubbish hoisting device, belt sorting unit, breaker and hydroextractor, and rubbish hoisting device sets up the feed end at belt sorting unit, and the feed end of breaker is connected to belt sorting unit's discharge end, and the feed end of hydroextractor is connected to the discharge end of breaker, and first conveyor's input is connected to the discharge end of hydroextractor, and the feed inlet in material storage storehouse is connected to first conveyor's output, and the material storage storehouse is connected with the feed end of breaker through second conveyor, forms conveying loop.

The fermentation storehouse is including the rapid heating up storehouse and the stable fermentation storehouse that are connected, and the material storehouse is installed at the top in the rapid heating up storehouse, and the rapid heating up storehouse is connected with the material storehouse through second conveyor, the rapid heating up storehouse all is U type structure with the stable fermentation storehouse, and the discharge gate has all been seted up to its lateral wall, all is equipped with agitating unit in it, the stirring rake that agitating unit adopted is the spiral arrangement.

First conveyor is including the horizontal screw conveyer and the slope screw conveyer that are connected, and horizontal screw conveyer's one end is located the discharge end below with the hydroextractor, and horizontal screw conveyer's the other end is connected with the one end of slope screw conveyer, and slope screw conveyer's the other end is connected with material storage bin.

The second conveying device comprises a transverse forward and reverse rotating conveyor and a longitudinal conveyor which are connected, one end of the longitudinal conveyor is located below a discharge port of the material storage bin, the other end of the longitudinal conveyor is installed above the middle of the transverse forward and reverse rotating conveyor, and materials in the material storage bin can be conveyed into the crusher or the fermentation bin by adjusting the conveying direction of the transverse forward and reverse rotating conveyor.

Manhole, ventilation hole and suction opening have all been seted up to the top in rapid heating up storehouse and stable fermentation storehouse, the external deodorization system in suction opening.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention can carry out deep pretreatment on the kitchen garbage, the kitchen garbage is sorted, crushed, squeezed and dehydrated, and then is subjected to a cell water removal process, so that the water content of the material is reduced to 50-65%, namely the proper water content of the organic garbage aerobic fermentation can be achieved through the pretreatment. Compared with the traditional kitchen garbage pretreatment method, the treatment method provided by the invention has the advantages that the cellulase is added into the primary dehydrated material, the cell walls of the material are effectively destroyed, more cell water is separated out, and the water content of the material is greatly reduced after secondary dehydration. Therefore, the water content of the kitchen garbage is reduced without adding an additional heat source in the fermentation process, and aerobic fermentation can be directly carried out after pretreatment, so that the energy consumption required by the fermentation process is greatly reduced.

2. The kitchen waste squeezing liquid is further fermented to prepare the organic liquid fertilizer, so that the organic waste water is recycled, and waste is changed into valuable.

3. The invention can realize the automatic back mixing process of the decomposed materials, can adjust the water content in the fermentation process in real time, keep the water content of the materials between 50 and 60 percent in the fermentation process and ensure the operation of the temperature rising fermentation process.

4. According to the aerobic fermentation equipment, the top of the fermentation bin is provided with the material storage, the material subjected to primary dehydration is stored in the material storage bin in a sealed manner for 12-24 hours, so that more cell water is separated out, and the water content of the material is greatly reduced through secondary dehydration, so that the suitable fermentation condition is achieved.

5. The aerobic fermentation equipment is provided with 2 fermentation bins, namely a rapid heating bin and a stable fermentation bin, and stirring devices arranged in the 2 fermentation bins can be used for stirring and mixing materials and also can be used for forward and reverse transmission of the materials. Reverse transport to the rapid heating storehouse of material through agitating unit in to stabilizing the fermentation storehouse, can adjust the material moisture content in rapid heating storehouse in real time, make the rapid heating fermentation of material in the rapid heating storehouse to shorten the fermentation required time, make the organic matter degradation of fermentation process more thorough.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an aerobic fermentation apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the stabilized fermentation tank of FIG. 1.

In the figure:

a, a garbage pretreatment device, B, a first conveying device, C, a fermentation bin and D, a second conveying device;

1-a refuse lifting device; 2-a belt conveyor; 3-a crusher; 4-a dehydrator; 5-horizontal screw conveyor; 6-inclined screw conveyor; 7-material storage; 8-a longitudinal conveyor; 9-transverse positive and negative rotation conveyor; 10-rapid heating up bin; 11-stable fermentation chamber; 12-a manhole; 13-a vent; 14-an air suction opening; 15-a discharge hole; 16-stirring device.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the aerobic fermentation apparatus of the present invention comprises a garbage pretreatment device a having a function of crushing and dewatering, a fermentation bin C and a material storage bin 7, wherein an output end of the garbage pretreatment device a is connected with a feed inlet of the material storage bin 7 through a first conveyor B, a discharge outlet of the material storage bin 7 is connected with the garbage pretreatment device a and the fermentation bin C through a second conveyor D, and the material in the material storage bin 7 is conveyed to the garbage pretreatment device a or the fermentation bin C through the second conveyor D.

The garbage pretreatment device A comprises a garbage lifting device 1, a belt sorting device 2, a crusher 3 and a dehydrator 4, wherein the dehydrator 4 adopts a rotary extrusion dehydrator; garbage lifting device 1 sets up the feed end at belt sorting unit 2, and the feed end of breaker 3 is connected to belt sorting unit 2's discharge end, and the feed end of hydroextractor 4 is connected to breaker 3's discharge end, and first conveyor A's input is connected to hydroextractor 4's discharge end, and the feed inlet in material storage bin 7 is connected to first conveyor A's output, and material storage bin 7 is connected through the feed end of second conveyor D with breaker 3, forms the transport loop.

First conveyor B is including the horizontal screw conveyer 5 and the slope screw conveyer 6 that are connected, and the one end of horizontal screw conveyer 5 is located the discharge end below of hydroextractor 4, and the other end of horizontal screw conveyer 5 is connected with the one end of slope screw conveyer 6, and the other end of slope screw conveyer 6 is connected with the feed inlet of material storage bin 7.

Fermentation storehouse C is including the rapid heating up storehouse 10 and the stable fermentation storehouse 11 that are linked together, and manhole 12, ventilation hole 13 and suction opening 14 have all been seted up at the top in rapid heating up storehouse 10 and the stable fermentation storehouse 11, and suction opening 14 external deodorization system. The fermentation condition of the material can be observed through the manhole 12, and technicians can enter the fermentation bin for maintenance. The ventilation holes 13 are arranged to forcibly supply oxygen to the fermentation chamber, and the odor and the vapor generated in the fermentation process can be pumped out through the air suction opening 14 and are discharged after reaching the standard after being treated by the deodorization system.

Material storage bin 7 is installed at the top in rapid heating up storehouse 10, and rapid heating up storehouse 10 is connected with material storage bin 7 through second conveyor D, and rapid heating up storehouse 10 all is U type structure with stable fermentation storehouse 11, and discharge gate 15 has all been seted up to its lateral wall, all is equipped with agitating unit 16 in it, and the stirring rake that agitating unit adopted is the spiral and arranges to it has positive reverse function to stabilize the agitating unit in the fermentation storehouse 11.

The second conveying device D comprises a transverse forward and reverse rotating conveyor 9 and a longitudinal conveyor 8 which are connected, and both the transverse forward and reverse rotating conveyor 9 and the longitudinal conveyor 8 are screw conveyors. The one end of vertical conveyer 8 is located the discharge gate below of material storage 7, and the other end of vertical conveyer 8 is installed in the middle part top of horizontal just reverse conveyer 9, and the one end of horizontal just reverse conveyer 9 is connected with rapid heating up storehouse 10, and the other end is connected with the feed end of breaker 3, and horizontal just reverse conveyer 9 is provided with just reverse function, through adjusting the direction of delivery of horizontal just reverse conveyer, can carry the material in material storage storehouse to breaker 3 or rapid heating up in the storehouse 10.

The working principle of the aerobic fermentation equipment is as follows:

the mixed garbage enters a belt sorting device 2 through a garbage lifting device 1 to screen out non-fermentable objects such as metal, glass, plastic and the like, then the rest kitchen garbage is sent into a crusher 3 to be crushed, then enters a dehydrator 4 to be squeezed and dehydrated, then is sent to a material storage bin 7 through a horizontal screw conveyor 5 and an inclined screw conveyor 6 to be stored for 12-24h in the material storage bin 7, then is sent to the crusher to be crushed for the second time, then is sent to a dehydrator 4 to be dehydrated for the second time to obtain a secondary dehydrated material with the water content of 50-65% and the grain diameter of 1-4cm, and then is sent to a rapid heating bin 10 to be fermented through the horizontal screw conveyor 5, the inclined screw conveyor 6, the material storage bin 7, a longitudinal conveyor 8 and a transverse forward and reverse rotating conveyor 9 in sequence, the water content of the material in the rapid heating bin 10 is adjusted in real time, so that the material in the rapid heating bin 10 is rapidly heated and fermented, then the material is sent to a fermentation bin for aerobic fermentation, and the fermented decomposed material is aged and decomposed to obtain the organic fertilizer; and meanwhile, conveying the squeezed liquid flowing out of the dehydrator to an organic wastewater storage bin, carrying out aerobic fermentation in the organic wastewater storage bin, and carrying out nutrition proportioning on fermented liquid obtained after fermentation according to the standard of organic liquid fertilizer to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer.

The agitating unit 16 that sets up in the stable fermentation storehouse 11 both can stir the material and mix, can carry out forward reverse transmission to the material again, and material accessible discharge gate 15 gets into from rapid heating up storehouse 10 and stabilizes fermentation storehouse 11, passes through the discharge gate 15 ejection of compact by stabilizing fermentation storehouse 11 again. If the water content of the materials in the rapid heating chamber is higher than 60%, returning part of the materials in the stable fermentation chamber to the rapid heating chamber, and stirring to adjust the water content of the materials to 50% -60% so as to achieve the heating fermentation condition.

The following is an embodiment of the kitchen waste treatment method of the present invention: