阅读说明：本技术 一种利用废弃物制备的生物质颗粒燃料 (Biomass granular fuel prepared from wastes ) 是由 刘锋 杨天坤 史海廷 魏冲 于 2019-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用废弃物制备的生物质颗粒燃料,包括以下重量份的原料：牛粪45～95份,甘蔗渣35～80份,中药渣28～60份,木屑20～40份,棉籽壳20～35份,油茶壳7～12份,果皮5～15份,蘑菇废菌棒4～7份,助燃剂2～3份,原料经粉碎,混合,低温、高温、中温三个阶段发酵,真空干燥,高压混合,挤压造粒制备。本发明原料易获取,实现了废物利用,燃烧热值高,提高对废弃物的利用率,燃烧后残留物极少,环保。(The invention discloses a biomass granular fuel prepared from wastes, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-95 parts of cow dung, 35-80 parts of bagasse, 28-60 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20-40 parts of sawdust, 20-35 parts of cottonseed hulls, 7-12 parts of oil-tea camellia hulls, 5-15 parts of fruit peels, 4-7 parts of mushroom waste bacteria rods and 2-3 parts of combustion improver. The invention has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, realization of waste utilization, high combustion heat value, improvement of the utilization rate of waste, little residue after combustion and environmental protection.)

1. The biomass granular fuel prepared from the waste is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-95 parts of cow dung, 35-80 parts of bagasse, 28-60 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20-40 parts of sawdust, 20-35 parts of cottonseed hulls, 7-12 parts of camellia oleifera shells, 5-15 parts of fruit peels, 4-7 parts of mushroom waste bacteria rods and 2-3 parts of combustion improver.

2. The biomass pellet fuel prepared by utilizing the wastes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the biomass pellet fuel is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 53 parts of cow dung, 40 parts of bagasse, 35 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 27 parts of wood chips, 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 9 parts of oil-tea camellia hulls, 8 parts of fruit peels, 4.5 parts of mushroom waste bacteria rods and 2.5 parts of combustion improver.

3. The method for preparing the biomass granular fuel prepared by utilizing the wastes according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: crushing bagasse, traditional Chinese medicine residues, wood chips, cottonseed hulls, oil-tea camellia hulls and fruit peels weighed according to the weight parts by a crusher, wherein the particle size is 30-50 meshes, and then mixing to obtain a standby mixture;

s2: mixing and stirring the cow dung and the waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms weighed according to the weight parts with the standby mixture obtained in the step S1, kneading and deblocking, uniformly mixing, sending to a fermentation tank, stacking, carrying out aerobic fermentation, firstly carrying out low-temperature fermentation and then turning over, then carrying out high-temperature fermentation and then turning over, and then carrying out medium-temperature fermentation to obtain a fermented mixture;

s3: placing the fermented mixture obtained in the step S2 in a vacuum drier for dehydration and drying until the water content is 35-45% to obtain a dehydrated mixture;

s4: placing the dehydrated mixture obtained in the step S3 in a high-pressure kettle, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding the combustion improver weighed according to the weight part, slowly heating and stirring, and then discharging while hot to obtain a hot mixture;

s5: and (5) putting the hot mixed material obtained in the step S3 into a granulator for extrusion granulation at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ to obtain the biomass pellet fuel.

4. The biomass pellet fuel prepared by using waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S2, low temperature fermentation: the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, the fermentation humidity is 30-35%, and the fermentation time is 2.5-3 days; high-temperature fermentation: the fermentation temperature is 55-60 ℃, the fermentation humidity is 50-55%, and the fermentation time is 1-1.5 days; medium-temperature fermentation: the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃, the fermentation humidity is 65-70%, and the fermentation time is 1.5-2.5 days.

5. The biomass pellet fuel prepared by using the waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the vacuum degree is 0.07-0.098 MPa, and the drying temperature is 50-90 ℃.

6. The biomass pellet fuel prepared by using the waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S4, the autoclave pressure is 0.4-1 MPa, and the temperature is 30-35 ℃ and is increased to 65-70 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a biomass granular fuel prepared by using wastes, belonging to the technical field of biomass granular fuels.

Background

The biomass pellet fuel has high heat productivity, is clean and pollution-free, and is a high-tech environment-friendly product for replacing coal energy. The prepared biomass granular fuel can be used as a special stove for granular fuel for cooking and heating, and can also be used as a main fuel for biomass industrial boilers and thermal power generation, and can replace coal. The biomass pellet fuel has the characteristics of easy transportation, easy storage, high combustion efficiency and the like, and is a new subject for picking up the other half of agriculture biomass resource utilization. China is a large population country, a large amount of domestic waste and industrial waste are generated every day to cause environmental pollution, and meanwhile, a large amount of combustible waste exists in the domestic waste and the industrial waste, so that the invention aims to prepare the biomass granular fuel by taking the combustible waste in the domestic waste and the industrial waste as raw materials, recycle the waste, reduce energy consumption, protect the environment and improve economic benefits.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the biomass granular fuel prepared from the waste, which has high combustion heat value, improves the utilization rate of the waste, has few residues after combustion and is environment-friendly.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a biomass granular fuel prepared from wastes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-95 parts of cow dung, 35-80 parts of bagasse, 28-60 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20-40 parts of sawdust, 20-35 parts of cottonseed hulls, 7-12 parts of camellia oleifera shells, 5-15 parts of fruit peels, 4-7 parts of mushroom waste bacteria rods and 2-3 parts of combustion improver.

Preferably, the raw materials are as follows by weight: 53 parts of cow dung, 40 parts of bagasse, 35 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 27 parts of wood chips, 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 9 parts of oil-tea camellia hulls, 8 parts of fruit peels, 4.5 parts of mushroom waste bacteria rods and 2.5 parts of combustion improver.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the biomass granular fuel prepared by using the wastes, which comprises the following steps:

s1: crushing bagasse, traditional Chinese medicine residues, wood chips, cottonseed hulls, oil-tea camellia hulls and fruit peels weighed according to the weight parts by a crusher, wherein the particle size is 30-50 meshes, and then mixing to obtain a standby mixture;

s2: mixing and stirring the cow dung and the waste mushroom sticks of the mushrooms weighed according to the weight parts with the standby mixture obtained in the step S1, kneading and deblocking, uniformly mixing, sending to a fermentation tank, stacking, carrying out aerobic fermentation, firstly carrying out low-temperature fermentation and then turning over, then carrying out high-temperature fermentation and then turning over, and then carrying out medium-temperature fermentation to obtain a fermented mixture;

s3: placing the fermented mixture obtained in the step S2 in a vacuum drier for dehydration and drying until the water content is 35-45% to obtain a dehydrated mixture;

s4: placing the dehydrated mixture obtained in the step S3 in a high-pressure kettle, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding the combustion improver weighed according to the weight part, slowly heating and stirring, and then discharging while hot to obtain a hot mixture;

s5: and (5) putting the hot mixed material obtained in the step S3 into a granulator for extrusion granulation at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ to obtain the biomass pellet fuel.

Preferably, in the step S2, low-temperature fermentation: the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, the fermentation humidity is 30-35%, and the fermentation time is 2.5-3 days; high-temperature fermentation: the fermentation temperature is 55-60 ℃, the fermentation humidity is 50-55%, and the fermentation time is 1-1.5 days; medium-temperature fermentation: the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃, the fermentation humidity is 65-70%, and the fermentation time is 1.5-2.5 days.

Preferably, in the step S3, the vacuum degree is 0.07-0.098 MPa, and the drying temperature is 50-90 ℃.

Preferably, in the step S4, the autoclave pressure is 0.4-1 Mpa, the temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the temperature is increased to 65-70 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: cow dung, bagasse, traditional Chinese medicine residues, wood chips, cottonseed hulls, oil-tea camellia hulls, fruit peels and mushroom waste fungus sticks are used as biomass raw materials, the raw materials are easy to obtain, waste utilization is achieved, the combustion heat value is high, the utilization rate of waste is improved, few residues are left after combustion, and products after combustion are environment-friendly and environment-friendly; the biomass raw material takes mushroom waste bacterium rods as a leavening agent and is subjected to fermentation treatment in three stages of low temperature, high temperature and medium temperature, so that a large amount of harmful mixed bacteria can be killed, high temperature heat is generated, the biomass is carbonized, the anti-coking capacity of biomass particles is improved, and meanwhile, the combustion efficiency of the biomass particles is improved through the working procedures of drying by a vacuum dryer, mixing by a high-pressure kettle and granulating by a granulator.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.