阅读说明：本技术 一种下滑天线组件 (Gliding antenna assembly ) 是由 陆冉菁 何勇 瞿淳清 解皓杰 温峻峰 古杰 于 2019-08-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种下滑天线组件,包括彼此间隔的发射天线阵和监控天线,所述发射天线阵由下滑铁塔和安装于下滑铁塔上的上天线、中天线和下天线组成,所述上天线、中天线和下天线的高度比为2.7:2.0:1.3。本发明的改良的下滑天线组件对天线组件进行收缩,其上、中、下天线高度比为2.7:2.0:1.3,减小了天线阵孔径,降低了下滑天线阵的总高度并缩小了监测区域,减小安装成本,降低对天线安装、维护、调试等的工作量,进而提高高空作业的效率。(The invention provides a downward sliding antenna assembly which comprises a transmitting antenna array and a monitoring antenna which are spaced from each other, wherein the transmitting antenna array consists of a downward sliding iron tower, an upper antenna, a middle antenna and a lower antenna which are arranged on the downward sliding iron tower, and the height ratio of the upper antenna to the middle antenna to the lower antenna is 2.7:2.0: 1.3. The improved gliding antenna assembly provided by the invention shrinks the antenna assembly, the height ratio of the upper antenna to the middle antenna to the lower antenna is 2.7:2.0:1.3, the aperture of the antenna array is reduced, the total height of the gliding antenna array is reduced, the monitoring area is reduced, the installation cost is reduced, the workload of antenna installation, maintenance, debugging and the like is reduced, and the efficiency of high-altitude operation is further improved.)

1. A gliding antenna assembly is characterized by comprising a transmitting antenna array (1) and a monitoring antenna (2) which are spaced from each other, wherein the transmitting antenna array (1) consists of a gliding iron tower (11), an upper antenna (12), a middle antenna (12) and a lower antenna (14) which are arranged on the gliding iron tower (11), and the height ratio of the upper antenna (12), the middle antenna (13) and the lower antenna (14) is 2.7:2.0: 1.3.

2. A glide antenna assembly according to claim 1 wherein the operating frequency f of the radiating antenna array (1) is 328.6-335.4 MHz.

3. A glide antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein the elevation of the radiating antenna array (1) is 3 °.

4. A gliding antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper (12), middle (12) and lower (14) antennas have a height of 2.7h, 2.0h and 1.3h, respectively, h being:

h＝c/(4f×sinθ)，

wherein h is the height constant of the upper antenna (12), the middle antenna (12) and the lower antenna (14), c is the speed of light, f is the working frequency of the transmitting antenna array (1), and theta is the elevation angle of the transmitting antenna array (1).

5. A glide antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring antenna (2) is within 60m of the transmitting antenna array (1).

6. A gliding antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper (12), middle (13) and lower (14) antennas are all dual frequency transmitting antennas.

7. A gliding antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that the radiating antenna array (1) uses three radiating signals, respectively CSB, SBO and CLR signals.

8. A gliding antenna assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper (12), middle (13) and lower (14) antennas are connected to an antenna distribution unit (3) such that the CSB, SBO and CLR signals are routed to the upper (12), middle (13) and lower (14) antennas for transmission after electrical configuration by the antenna distribution unit (3).

9. A gliding antenna assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that the middle antenna (13) only transmits CSB and SBO radiation signals, and the upper antenna (12) and the lower antenna (14) simultaneously transmit CSB, SBO and CLR radiation signals.

10. The glide antenna assembly of claim 9, wherein the CSB, SBO and CLR signals are electrically configured in phase and amplitude relationships as follows:

the CSB signal transmitted by the upper antenna (12) contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.21 unit amplitude, the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.085 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 180 degree phase and 0.085 unit amplitude, and the CLR signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.125 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.375 unit amplitude;

the CSB signal transmitted by the middle antenna (13) contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 180 DEG phase and 0.88 unit amplitude, and the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 180 DEG phase and 0.16 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 DEG phase and 0.16 unit amplitude;

the CSB signal transmitted by the lower antenna (14) contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 DEG phase and 1.00 unit amplitude, the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 DEG phase and 0.085 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 180 DEG phase and 0.085 unit amplitude, and the CLR signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 DEG phase and 0.125 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 DEG phase and 0.375 unit amplitude.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a gliding antenna component.

Background

The navigation equipment provides a landing guide signal for the airplane, and has an important position in a traditional approach mode, wherein the approach mode comprises visual approach, non-precision approach and precision approach, the gliding beacon can provide the precision approach, and the requirement on the quality of an outfield signal radiated by the equipment is very strict. For aviation accidents, the accident rate of the aircraft in the take-off and landing process is a leader board, and the spatial signals radiated by the gliding beacons provide guiding information in the vertical direction for the aircraft to land, so that the research on the structure of the gliding antenna and the signal distribution relation is particularly important.

The number of the antennas is divided, the current domestic civil aviation basically uses mirror image down-sliding antennas, and the signals radiated by the antennas and reflected by the ground to form 180-degree phase difference signals are subjected to space synthesis to obtain the required signals. The number of the gliding antennas is divided into two types, namely binary antennas and ternary antennas.

The dual-antenna has more types, and comprises a zero reference antenna (the height ratio of an upper antenna to a lower antenna is 2:1), a sideband reference antenna (the height ratio of the upper antenna to the lower antenna is 1.5:0.5), a B-type sideband reference antenna and a G-type sideband reference antenna, wherein the height ratio of the G-type sideband antenna is changed, and the height ratio of the upper antenna to the lower antenna is 1.4: 0.6. The quality of the zero reference antenna radiation signal depends on the reflection field in front of the antenna array to a large extent, so that the requirements on the range and the flatness of the reflection surface are high. The sideband reference has lower height relative to a zero reference antenna, a flat reflecting field with less area is needed, but the flatness requirement is higher than that of the zero reference, and the binary antenna has the defects that an obvious barrier cannot be arranged right in front of the antenna array, and the anti-interference capability is poor.

Compared with a binary antenna with a single carrier frequency, the three-antenna has two carrier frequencies in design, and has stronger anti-interference capability through a capture effect, the three-antenna only has the only structure at present, namely an M-shaped gliding antenna (the height ratio of an upper antenna to a middle antenna to a lower antenna is 3:2:1), and clearance CLR signals are added besides CSB signals and SBO signals for compensating low-angle covering signals. The other type of M modified antenna is the same as the M type structure, only the electrical parameters radiated by the antenna are transmitted and changed, the equipment is simplified, no clearance signal exists, and the function of the M modified antenna is to reduce the range of the flat field in front of the antenna array.

As shown in fig. 1, in the conventional gliding antennas, the M-type gliding antenna has the strongest interference rejection and the lowest requirement on the flatness of the terrain, so that the M-type gliding antenna is most widely used, but has the disadvantages of single structure (only one height ratio of 3:2:1) and no difference from a binary antenna with fewer antennas (height ratios of 2:1, 1.5:0.5 and 1.4: 0.6). The development is less, and the diversified requirements cannot be met. On the other hand, the antenna array 101 is high, and the distance between the upper antenna 1012 and the lower antenna 1014 mounted on the down-slide iron tower 1011 is far greater than that between the sideband reference antenna and the zero reference antenna, so that the high altitude effect is difficult, the wire arrangement is complex, the antenna debugging efficiency is low during flight verification, and the later maintenance workload is large. The distance between the upper and lower antennas 1012, 1014 is about 8.6m, much larger than the zero-reference and sideband-reference gliding antennas (4.3 m). The height of the antenna array 101 reaches more than 13m, the height of the gliding iron tower is provided with the barrier lamps, the height can reach more than 15m, and the height limit of airport clearance specification is about 16.7 m. In addition, the installation distance of the near-field monitoring antenna matched with the gliding antenna directly relates to the installation cost and the maintenance workload, the zero reference antenna is about 61M, the sideband reference is about 40M, the monitoring distance (namely the distance from the antenna array 101 to the monitoring antenna 102) of the existing M-type gliding antenna is as long as 82M, and the corresponding signal reflection surface is larger as seen from geometry, so that the near-field monitoring antenna has relatively larger workload for actual maintenance, overhaul and test and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to make up for the deficiency of the most widely used M-type gliding antenna, the present invention aims to provide an improved gliding antenna assembly to reduce the installation cost and improve the efficiency and the anti-interference capability.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a downward sliding antenna assembly, which includes a transmitting antenna array and a monitoring antenna spaced from each other, wherein the transmitting antenna array is composed of a downward sliding iron tower, and an upper antenna, a middle antenna and a lower antenna mounted on the downward sliding iron tower, and a height ratio of the upper antenna, the middle antenna and the lower antenna is 2.7:2.0: 1.3.

The working frequency f of the transmitting antenna array is 328.6-335.4 MHz.

The elevation angle of the transmitting antenna array is 3 degrees.

The heights of the upper antenna, the middle antenna and the lower antenna are respectively 2.7h, 2.0h and 1.3h, and h is as follows:

h＝c/(4f×sinθ)，

wherein h is the height constant of the upper antenna, the middle antenna and the lower antenna, c is the speed of light, f is the working frequency of the transmitting antenna array, and theta is the elevation angle of the transmitting antenna array.

The distance between the monitoring antenna and the transmitting antenna array is within 60 m.

The upper antenna, the middle antenna and the lower antenna are dual-frequency transmitting antennas.

The transmitting antenna array adopts three radiation signals, namely CSB, SBO and CLR signals.

The upper antenna, the middle antenna and the lower antenna are all connected with an antenna distribution unit, so that the CSB, SBO and CLR signals are sent to the upper antenna, the middle antenna and the lower antenna for transmission after being electrically configured by the antenna distribution unit.

The middle antenna only transmits CSB and SBO radiation signals, and the upper antenna and the lower antenna simultaneously transmit CSB, SBO and CLR radiation signals.

The CSB, SBO and CLR signals are electrically configured in phase and amplitude relationships as follows:

the CSB signal transmitted by the upper antenna contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.21 unit amplitude, the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.085 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 180 degree phase and 0.085 unit amplitude, and the CLR signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.125 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 degree phase and 0.375 unit amplitude;

the CSB signal transmitted by the middle antenna contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 180 DEG phase and 0.88 unit amplitude, and the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 180 DEG phase and 0.16 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 DEG phase and 0.16 unit amplitude;

the CSB signal transmitted by the lower antenna contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 ° phase and 1.00 unit amplitude, the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.085 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 180 ° phase and 0.085 unit amplitude, and the CLR signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.125 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.375 unit amplitude.

The improved gliding antenna assembly provided by the invention shrinks the antenna assembly, the height ratio of the upper antenna to the middle antenna to the lower antenna is 2.7:2.0:1.3, the aperture of the antenna array is reduced, the total height of the gliding antenna array is reduced, the monitoring distance is shortened, the installation cost is reduced, the workload of antenna installation, maintenance, debugging and the like is reduced, and the efficiency of high-altitude operation is further improved. In addition, the electrical configuration parameters of the antenna are researched, effective matching is adopted, wherein radiation signals of an upper antenna are added in CSB signals, and the spatial signal distribution of the antenna is effectively optimized, so that the influence of signal reflection caused by objects such as obstacles on the ground on the lower sliding antenna assembly is smaller at a low angle, the antenna is more suitable for irregular terrain, and the anti-interference performance is greatly enhanced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional mounting position of an M-shaped down-slide antenna assembly and a monitoring antenna, in which an improved design direction is indicated.

Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of an improved glide slope antenna assembly and its monitoring antenna mounting location in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a graph of the radiation pattern in elevation of the antenna composite signal of the gliding antenna assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a radiation characteristic diagram of an antenna composite signal of a conventional M-type downward-sliding antenna in an elevation angle.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 2 shows a glide-antenna assembly according to the present invention, which is a type of S-shaped glide-antenna assembly, and which includes a transmitting antenna array 1 (i.e., a glide-beacon) and a monitoring antenna (NF: near field monitor)2 spaced apart from each other, wherein the distance between the monitoring antenna 2 and the transmitting antenna array 1 is within 60M (about 57M), so that the monitoring distance, i.e., the distance from the monitoring antenna 2 to the transmitting antenna array 1, is reduced to 70% of the original distance, and the elevation angle θ (i.e., a glide slope) of the transmitting antenna array 1 is fixed, so that the height of the monitoring antenna 2 is reduced, and the height of the monitoring antenna 2 is less than 60sin3 ° -3.14M, thereby reducing the construction cost, and reducing the maintenance difficulty and workload.

The transmitting antenna array 1 is composed of a lower iron tower 11, and an upper antenna 12, a middle antenna 13 and a lower antenna 14 which are arranged on the lower iron tower 11, wherein the height ratio of the upper antenna 12 to the middle antenna 13 to the lower antenna 14 is 2.7:2.0:1.3, so that the height A3 of the upper antenna 12 and the height A1 of the lower antenna 14 are equal to twice the height A2 of the middle antenna 13. The heights A3, a2 and a1 of the upper antenna 12, the middle antenna 13 and the lower antenna 14 are 2.7h, 2.0h and 1.3h, respectively, and h is c/(4f × sin θ), wherein h is a height constant of the upper antenna 12, the middle antenna 13 and the lower antenna 14, and c is the speed of light, and c is 3 × 10⁸m/s, f is the working frequency of the transmitting antenna array 1, preferablyIs selected to be 328.6-335.4 MHz, theta is the elevation angle of the transmitting antenna array 1 and is set to be 3 degrees. Taking 333.35MHz as an example, h is about 4.3 m.

The upper antenna 12, the middle antenna 13 and the lower antenna 14 of the gliding antenna component are dual-frequency transmitting antennas. The transmitting antenna array 1 employs three types of radiation signals, namely CSB, SBO and CLR signals. The upper antenna 12, the middle antenna 13 and the lower antenna 14 of the transmitting antenna array 1 are all connected with an antenna distribution unit 3, so that the CSB, SBO and CLR signals are electrically configured according to a certain phase and amplitude relationship through the antenna distribution unit 3, and then sent to the upper antenna 12, the middle antenna 13 and the lower antenna 14 for transmission.

Table 1 shows the electrical configuration of the antenna distribution unit 3, i.e., the phase and amplitude relationship of the radiation signals corresponding to the upper antenna 12, the middle antenna 13, and the lower antenna 14. The phase and amplitude relationship is expressed as amplitude phase. Wherein the amplitude and phase of the signal are relative values and the reference value is the CSB signal of the lower antenna.

TABLE 1 downslide antenna height and antenna distribution unit

For three radiation signals of CSB, SBO and CLR, two amplitude modulation signals of 90Hz and 150Hz are contained, the amplitude of the amplitude modulation signals is based on the signal amplitude of the antenna under CSB, and for the CSB signals, the amplitude and the phase of the radiation signals of 90Hz and 150Hz are the same, so that the amplitude modulation signals are not listed respectively.

As can be seen from table 1, each of the upper, middle and lower antennas needs to transmit 90Hz and 150Hz signals simultaneously, wherein the middle antenna 13 only transmits CSB and SBO radiation signals, but does not transmit CLR radiation signals, and the upper and lower antennas 12 and 14 transmit CSB, SBO and CLR radiation signals simultaneously.

Specifically, the CSB signal transmitted by the upper antenna 12 contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 ° phase and 0.21 unit amplitude, the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.085 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 180 ° phase and 0.085 unit amplitude, and the CLR signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.125 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.375 unit amplitude;

the CSB signal transmitted by the central antenna 13 contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 180 ° phase and 0.88 unit amplitude, and the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 180 ° phase and 0.16 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.16 unit amplitude;

the CSB signal transmitted by the lower antenna 14 contains 90Hz and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signals with 0 ° phase and 1.00 unit amplitude, the SBO signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.085 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 180 ° phase and 0.085 unit amplitude, and the CLR signal contains 90Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.125 unit amplitude and 150Hz amplitude-modulated signal with 0 ° phase and 0.375 unit amplitude.

The electrical configuration as described in table 1 was specifically designed based on the height ratio of 2.7:2.0:1.3 of the three antennas of the slider array to achieve the 3 deg. elevation profile required to meet the design requirements. Fig. 3 shows the radiation characteristics of the composite signal of the down-slide antenna assembly of the present invention in elevation, wherein the profile of each radiation signal is the result of the spatial superposition of the radiation signals of the upper, middle and lower antennas. Compared with the distribution of the M-type antenna in the prior art as shown in fig. 4, at a low elevation angle, for example, at a position of 1 °, the amplitude of the CSB signal (solid line) of the down-sliding antenna of the present invention is much smaller than that of the existing M-type antenna, which means that at a low angle, the down-sliding antenna component of the present invention is less affected by signal reflection caused by objects such as obstacles on the ground, and has stronger interference resistance than the existing M-type antenna; and since the value of the SBO signal at the 3 ° position is zero, the value representing the corresponding modulation in depth modulation is zero.

Of course, with the above-mentioned height ratio of 2.7:2.0:1.3, other electrical configurations (i.e. the phase and amplitude relationship of the radiation signals corresponding to the other upper antenna 12, middle antenna 13 and lower antenna 14) can be invented, but the quality of the final composite signal (anti-interference capability, linearity of ddm curve) cannot necessarily exceed this ratio.

Therefore, compared with the M-type gliding antenna with the widest application and the best effect, the gliding antenna assembly disclosed by the invention has the following advantages:

1. smaller antenna array aperture

The antenna array aperture of the invention, namely the difference value of the height A3 of the upper antenna 12 and the height A1 of the lower antenna 14 is 2.7h-1.3h which is 1.4h and is smaller than the prior art (2.0h), the distance between the upper antenna 12 and the lower antenna 14 of the lower sliding antenna assembly directly relates to the difficulty and the workload of high-altitude operation, because the antenna is installed on the lower sliding iron tower 11 with more than one meter and less than one meter in space, a technician needs to drill into the lower sliding iron tower 11 and climb back and forth between the upper antenna and the lower antenna, and carries out the position movement operation on the antenna with the weight of ten kilograms, when debugging the Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU)3, the technician needs to climb between the upper antenna, the middle antenna and the lower antenna to connect and disconnect the cable head of the antenna continuously, and guides the signal of the ADU to reach the standard through a plurality of operations. The shorter this distance, the more the workload for installation, debugging and maintenance is reduced.

2. Better anti-interference performance

TABLE 2 comparison of wave speed bending of four gliding antennas

Specific values of wave velocity curvature (BBP) of the gliding antenna assembly and three traditional gliding antennas are shown in table 2, and for the gliding antenna, the more the angle corresponding to the peak value of the BBP is close to the glide slope theta, and the smaller the peak value of the BBP is, the better the anti-interference performance is. As can be seen from table 2, compared with the existing antenna, the gliding antenna assembly of the present invention has the advantages of lower requirement on the terrain, stronger anti-interference capability, and better linearity of the ddm curve, so that leveling with high requirement on the field pattern is not required, the construction requirement on the construction process is reduced, and the construction cost is saved.

3. Lower upper antenna height A3

The present invention allows the overall antenna array height to be reduced by reducing the height a3 of the upper antenna 12 to 2.7 h. The lower the total height of the antenna array is, the more convenient the installation is, the lower the cost is, the higher the debugging efficiency is, and the more convenient the later maintenance is. On the other hand, the hidden danger of height exceeding standard (the total height of the antenna array exceeds the specified clearance height of an airport) is also reduced.

4. Shorter near field monitoring distance

According to the invention, the position of the monitoring antenna is defined right in front of the antenna array through the phase difference of 360 degrees between the upper antenna and the lower antenna, and under the condition that the working frequency of the antenna is determined, the monitoring distance of the gliding antenna component is shortened from 82m in the prior art to 57m by calculation, so that the wiring and installation cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the equipment debugging and the later maintenance of the antenna are more efficient.

5. Lower monitoring antenna height

Because the elevation angle is fixedly set to be 3 degrees, under the condition that the working frequency of the antenna is determined, the monitoring distance of the gliding antenna component is reduced, and the height of the monitoring antenna 2 is correspondingly reduced, so that the maintenance is more convenient, and the difficulty of manually climbing the monitoring antenna to perform operation is low. The gliding antenna array of the invention finds the approximate height of the monitoring antenna by taking the antenna array base as the elevation angle of 3 degrees of the end point, finely adjusts the monitoring antenna by actual measurement, and finds the balance point of a 90Hz signal and a 150Hz signal by moving up and down, namely the height of a ddm zero point is the height of the monitoring antenna. The lower the monitoring height is, the more convenient and faster the installation, debugging and maintenance are.

6. Less flat reflective surface and lower flatness requirement

A certain reflection area is needed from the antenna to the monitoring antenna according to geometric reflection, and after the monitoring distance is shortened, the required smooth reflection area is reduced, so that the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes may be made in the above embodiments of the present invention. All simple and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the content of the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present patent application. The invention has not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.